History of uroscopy traced back to drawings of cavemen and in egyptia hieroglyphics such as

He wrote a book on uroscopy in 5th century bc which explains water intake to urine

Uroscopy has been a part of the physician training in

In 1140 AD, color charts had been developed that described the significance of ___different color

He discovered albuminuria by boiling urine which appears as cloudy white precipitate

False doctor that uses urine to predict future

Also known as the father of toxicology in which he discovered copper sulfate through formation of metallic salts by performing Urine distillation on human body body flasks w/ graduation

In 1627, He published a book about the credibility of urinalysis that inspired the passing of the first medical licensure laws in England

In 17th century, this was discovered for quantification of microscopic sediments

In 1827, He introduced the concept of urinalysis as a part of the routine patient examination. Except for microscopic examination of urine

In 1846, He introduced the microscopic examination of urine

The other term for glomerulonephritis

According to ____, the testing of urine with procedures c'monly performed in an expeditious reliable and cost effective manner in clinical laboratories

What are the other hormones secreted by the urinary system

Hormone secreted by the urinary system which to increases blood pressure water retention as a response to low blood pressure and plasma sodium

Responsible for urine formation accounting 0.5% of the body weight

Carries urine form the kidneys to the urinary bladder which approximately 25cm in length

Balloon like 3 sided pyramid chamber which stores urine

This delivers urine for excretion

Area of attachment through which the blood vessels pass into and out of the kidneys

Blood vessels where blood enters the kidney

Blood vessels which leaves the kidney through the inferior vena cava

Outer region of the kidney about 1.4 cm thick which serves as the exclusive site for plasma filtration

This portions of the cortex that extend between renal pyramids

The region of the kidney that has a stringy microscopic appearance which contains the collecting ducts

The conical masses of the kidney that project as renal papillae into the renal pelvis

This is the overlying cortex area of the kidney

These are cup like divisions of the renal pelvis

The funnel shaped structure that is formed at one end by the expanded upper portion of the ureter

This is the main functional unit of the kidney located mostly in the cortex which contains 1 to 1.5 million units per kidney

Type of nephron which primarily located in the cortex and function for tubular reabsorption and secretion and removal of waste. Approximately 85% of the total number of neutrons

Type of nephron which functions for urine concentration and countercurrent exchanges in which the loops of henley extend into the medullary region

Nephron is mostly found on what region of the kidney

Loop henley extend until the what region of kidney

What blood vessel supplies the cortical nephron

Select all components of the renal corpuscle

The filtering component which is composed of specialized capillary network found at the inside of the bowman's capsule

This is where the filtrate goes after the glomerulus which structures around the glomerulus and anatomically continuous with the renal tubule

Carries blood to the glomerulus which has a bigger lumen

It carries blood from the glomerulus which has a smaller lumen

Part of the distal cumulated tubule that is attached to the afferent arteriole which main function is to detect changes in pressure

The fluid inside the bowman's space is called

What are the factors affecting the glomerular filtration

Select all parts of the renal tubule

It is a smooth muscle and the fenestrated endothelium which functions for contraction phagocytosis and pinocytosis

It is a filtration barrier that increases the permeability due to its pores

How many nanometers do penetrated endothelium have

This is the filtration barrier which provides for the restriction main size discriminant barrier to protein passage

A filtration barrier with features the intertwining foot processes which forms filtration slits

This is afforded by negatively charged components which provides additional restriction by repelling positive charge molecules like proteins

Podocytes or also known as visceral epithelium which have an intertronic foot processes with finger like extension which is separated from each other for how many nanometers

The pressure that forces substances like protein free filtrate from the glomerular capillaries into the bowman's capsule

This is the pressure in the glomerular capillary forcing water and its solute through filtration slits which measures about 60 mmhg

This is the pressure exerted against the filtration membrane by fluid that is already in the capsular space

Which of the three factors of net filtration pressure is the opposing pressure

This is the pressure exerted by the proteins in the blood plasma

It is the capillary bed that surround the convulated tubules with function as the vascular supply

It is the capillary bed that surrounds the loop of henley which function to receive water and solutes that it can be turned it back to circulation

The process that involves the filtration of blood which leads to the formation of ultrafiltrate

This is the non selective filter of plasma substances with a molecular weight of less than 70,000 daltons

It is the most convulated tubule which is the straight portion which becomes the loop of henry once it reaches the medulla. This also serves as the major site of reabsorption what about 65%

Compose of 2 to 3 loops and begins at the juxtaglomerular apparatus with the macula densa

This is the segment of the loop of henley which is impermeable to water but permeable to sodium chloride

This is the segment on the loop of henley which is permeable to water but impermeable to sodium chloride

This is the segment in which the recovery of water and sodium chloride

This is also known as u shaped segment which is a part of loop of henley made up of flat cells and extensively interdigiting epithelium

It is the segment of loop of henley with high mitochondrial enzymatic activity in the 2/3 of the distal basal layer

It regulates the blood flow within the glomerulus as a response to changes in blood pressure and plasma sodium concentration

What are the triggering mechanisms of the RAAS

This hormone increases the watery absorption

This increases sodium reabsorption causing decrease water absorption

This decreases sodium reabsorption which increases water reabsorption

Term which essential substances are returned back to the circulations substances are filtrate back to the blood

This is the movement of molecules from tubular capillaries to tubular lumen

This is the movement of molecules from tubular lumen to capillaries

Transfer substance is brought about by the electrochemical energy

Moment of molecules across a membrane by diffusion because of a physical gradient

Needs atp or energy for transport

In need of carrier protein

This is the monosodium phosphate that was excreted in the

This is the hormone that responds to the body's need for sodium in which promotes reabsorption in the dct

This is a response to the body's need of water in which promotes watery absorption in the dct and cd

Countercurrent mechanism in DLH what is being reabsorbed

Countercurrent mechanism in ALH what is being reabsorbed

This is when after eating the urine is collected acidic caused by the production of carbon dioxide from the oxidative metabolism of food and catabolism of proteins and phosphate