ADRENAL GLAND

Jef Marc Valencia · 73問 · 2年前

通報

問題一覧

Also known as___situated on the top of kidneys enclosed in a layer of fat

ADRENAL GLAND, SUPRARENAL GLAND

Inner portion of adrenal gland

ADRENAL MEDULLA

Outer portion of adrenal gland

ADRENAL CORTEX

Approx measurement of the adrenal gland in CM L: W: H:

2-3, 4-6, 1

Adrenal medulla secretes what hormone

CATECHOLAMINE

What are the catecholamine hormone

EPINEPHRINE, NOREPINEPHRINE, DOPAMINE

What portion of the adrenal gland makes up 80% of the its size

ADRENAL CORTEX

Feature of adrenal gland which has very rich arterial supply forming subcapsular plexus ensuring rapid dissemination of hormones throughout the body in response to stress.

HIGHEST PERFUSION OF BLOOD/GRAM OF TISSUE

Adrenal cortex secretes what hormone

ADRENAL STEROID

What are the adrenal steroid hormones

GLUCOCORTICOID, MINERALOCORTICOID, SEX STEROID

Steroid hormone that regulates immune system

GLUCOCORTICOID

Steroid hormone which regulates blood volume and pressure

MINERALOCORTICOID

Layers of the adrenal cortex (OUT-IN)

ZONA GLOMERULOSA, ZONA FASCICULATA, ZONA RETICULARIS

Zona glomerulosa is responsible for the synthesis of what hormone

MINERALOCORTICOID

Zona fasciculata is responsible for the synthesis of

GLUCOCORTICOID

Zona reticularis is responsible for the synthesis of

GLUCOCORTICOID, SEX STEROID

What are the gonadal steroid

ANDROGEN, ESTROGEN, PROGESTERONE

The cells of the adrenal cortex produce over __different steroids

The most important hormones produced by the adrenal cortex

ALDOSTERONE, CORTISOL, SEX HORMONE

The chief mineralocorticoid which causes the kidney to conserve sodium along with water excreting potassium and hydrogen

ALDOSTERONE

Aldosterone takes effect in what specific part of the kidneys

DCT, CD

Aldosterone is stimulated by

DECREASE SODIUM

Production of the aldosterone is controlled by the

RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM

Limiting component of sodium

CHLORIDE

The zona glomerulosa contains ___which is important to the synthesis of aldosterone

ALDOSTERONE SYNTHASE

Renin is produced in what organ

KIDNEY

Potent vasoconstrictor which increases blood pressure and stimulates adrenal cortex to release aldosterone.

ANGIOTENSIN II

Organs involved in the RAAS

KIDNEY, LUNG, LIVER

Organ responsible for releasing angiotensinogen

LIVER

Organ responsible for monitoring decrease in Sodium concentration and releases renin

KIDNEY

Organ responsible for releasing ACE which converts Angiotensin I to II

LUNG

Also known as___. Inadequate production of renin by the kidney which an inherited enzyme defect in the aldosterone biosynthesis.

HYPOALDOSTERONISM, ADDISONS DISEASE

What decreases in Addisons disease

SODIUM, CHLORIDE, CORTISOL, URINARY STEROID

What increases in Addisons disease

ACTH

Signs and symptoms of Addisons disease

HYPOTENSION, HYPONATREMIA, HYPOCHLOREMIA

What organ is primarily affected in addisons disease

ADRENAL GLAND

Decreased renin due to failure of stimulation in the juxtaglomerular apparatus

SECONDARY HYPOALDOSTERONISM

Signs and symptoms of Hyperaldosteronism

HYPERNATREMIA, HYPOKALEMIA, HYPERTENSION, METABOLIC ALKALOSIS

Also known as____. High levels of aldosterone which problem originate from the adrenal glands seen primarily in hypertension

PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM, CONNS SYNDROME

High levels of aldosterone caused by stimulus outside the adrenal gland that activates the RAAS. Seen in patients with volume depletion, edema, and hypokalemic alkalosis

SECONDARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM

Specimen of choice (blood) for aldosterone assay

PLASMA, FASTING

Leves of aldosterone in pregnant patients

3-4X

What causes high levels of aldosterone in pregnant patients

ESTROGEN

Specimen of choice (urine) for aldosterone assay

24 HOUR URINE, 10 G BORIC ACID AT <7.5 PH

A glucocorticoid which influences metabolism of glucose, protein, and fat

CORTISOL

Beneficial effects of cortisol

ANTI INFLAMMATORY, IMMUNOSUPPRESANT

Responds to conditions that stresses the body and require greater supply of energy

CORTISOL

Inherited tendency to produce tumor affecting cortisol levels

FAMILIAL CUSHINGS DISEASE

Hypercortisolism is also known as

CUSHINGS SYNDROME

Benign tumor leading to over secretion of ACTH

PITUITARY GLAND TUMOR

Any tumor outside the adrenal gland that can cause elevated amounts of cortisol to be secreted

ECTOPIC ACTH SECRETING TUMOR

Adrenal adenoma of the adrenal cortex causing hypercorticolism

PRIMARY ADRENAL GLAND DISEASE

Signs and symptoms of Cushing syndrome

WEIGHT GAIN, PINK STRETCH MARK, HUNGER, THINNING FRAGILE SKIN

Hypocorticolism is also known as

ADDISONS DISEASE

Type of Addisons disease which cortex is damaged leading to not producing enough cortisol levels

PRIMARY

Type of addisons disease which pituitary gland is damage leading to decreased level of cortisol

SECONDARY

Signs and symptoms of Hypocorticolism

HYPERPIGMENTATION, WEIGHT LOSS, GIT PROBLEM, SALT CRAVING

Laboratory assay for cortisol which exogenous steroid to suppress innate cortisol production

DEXAMETHASONE SUPPRESSION TEST

Laboratory assay for cortisol which reaction of 17, 21 dihydroxy 20 ketone structures with phenylhydrazine in the presence of alcohol and sulfuric acid

PORTER SILVER REACTION

Porter silver reaction positive result

YELLOW PIGMENT

Catecholamines are produced in what specific cell

CHROMAFFIN CELL

Metabolite of dopamine

HOMOVANILLIC ACID

Epinephrine metabolites

METANEPHRINE, VANILLYLMANDELIC ACID

A fight or flight hormone which effects resembles those of the sympathetic dividion neurotransmitters

EPINEPHRINE, NOREPINEPHRINE

A fight or flight hormone which has more effect on the heart

EPINEPHRINE

A fight or flight hormone which has more effect on the blood vessels

NOREPINEPHRINE

Adrenaline promotes

GLYCOGENOLYSIS

Also known as the Reward hormone

DOPAMINE

Also known as the love hormone

OXYTOCIN

Hormone for good mood

SEROTONIN

Pain reliever hormone

ENDORPHIN

What are the happy hormones

DOPAMINE, SEROTONIN, OXYTOCIN, ENDORPHIN

Tumor in the adrenal medulla causing excessive catecholamine primarily epinephrine causing nonspecific symptoms

PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA

A c'mon solid tumor extracranial of infancy which is a malignant tumor of the adrenal medulla seen in children causing abdominal mass

NEUROBLASTOMA

Specimen of choice for Catecholamine assay

PLASMA, URINE

Best screening test for pheochromocytoma

URINARY METANEPHRINE

Imaging test for localizing pheochromocytomas

CT SCAN, MRI

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