Tertiary butanol mixes well with

Universal solvent--it dehydrates and clears. Does not harm tissue over long time periods and Faster dehydrant than ethanol

Used in plant and animal micro-techniques, Less shrinkage and distortion than ethanol

Signs of water content

Removal of fixative and intracellular and extracellular water fron the specimen

Alcohol prevent

Filling cavities of the tissue with paraffin

Acetone may induced_in prolonged immersion

For electron microscopy Dehydrating agent: Transition fluid: Substitute:

Rapid without excessive shrinkage and hardening; easier cutting of sections • Low toxicity; low fire and explosion

Universal solvent-acts as dehydrating and clearing agent

Ethanol advs excwpt for routine dehydration

Characteristics of an ideal dehydrating solution

Acetone is a

Acetone can be used in long time t/f

Cons of amyl alcohol

Minimum fixative volume

Recommended for tissues which do not require rapid processing , Miscible with paraffin

Not reactive with Os0, remaining in specimen. • Miscible with most embedding resins.

Ethanol extractss _ and other_from section

Dehydration involves slow substitution of the water in the tissue with an

+ in anhydrous copper sulfate

6months exposure to tetrahydrofuran produces

2 methods in dioxane

Best processing requires a graded series of a mixture of _ and _ before one can go into paraffin

may be used as long as it does not damage the proteins and miscible,to the fluids to be used subsequently

Butanol temp

softening agent for hard tissues

Can be used in Blood, touch preparations and smear preparation but it is toxic

Long use of ethanol may cause

Do not dry out the tissues t/f

2 cons of Dioxane

Give 2 butanol cons

Cellusolve combust at

Universal solvent-it dehydrates and clears • Miscible in all proportions with water, ether chloroform, acetone, and the hydrocarbons xylene, toluene, and benzene

Acetone 2 cons

Typical dehydration sequence (4mm) ethanol/min

Cheap, rapid • Does not extract methylene blue and other dyes from stained sections . May cause less shrinkage of specimen than ethanol

Temp of Tertiary butanol

Orientation of the tissue must be

Miscible with 90% alcohol, toluene and xylene Dissolves paraffin wax

Ethanol is only slightly miscible to

Replacement of fixative and water with dehydrating agent in preparation for

Excellent substitute for ethanol, Less shrinkage and hardening than ethanol. It is also sufficiently water-free to use in place of absolute ethanol and Less expensive. Used in Microwave processing

tissue is wrapped in a gauze bag and suspended in a bottle containing dioxane and a little anhydrous calcium oxide

_phenol is added to each 95% ethanol stations

acts as a softening agent for hard tissues like tendons, nail, dense connective tissues, and keratin masses

Dehydrating agent

More delicate tissue (embryo) begins at__ ethanol

The most affected step

Embryo mold must not be in

Ethanol extracts more lipids than

Tissues may be transferred from water or normal saline and stored for months without hardening or distortion • Avoids distortion and does not require graded dilutions

Ethanol may react with

Best dehydrating agent, Recommended for routine dehydration

Accelerated increase in alcohol may result the tissue to

Odorous reag you must use?

Temp where tertiary butanol solidifys

This will impair subsequent step

This where the tisue rriboon palced to fix its fold

Rapid dehydrating agent • Tissue may remain in it for months without injury

Temperature in dehydration

Isopropanol Cannot be used in the celloidin technic since _ is insoluble in it

Explosive products in dioxane wgen reused