DEHYDRATION

Jef Marc Valencia · 73問 · 2年前

通報

問題一覧

Removal of fixative and intracellular and extracellular water fron the specimen

DEHYDRATION

Filling cavities of the tissue with paraffin

INFILTRATION

Replacement of fixative and water with dehydrating agent in preparation for

IMPREGNATION

The most affected step

IMPREGNATION

Dehydrating agent

ALCOHOL IN INCREASING STRENGTH

Alcohol prevent

VIOLENT OSMOTIC CHANGE

Accelerated increase in alcohol may result the tissue to

HARD, BRITTLE, SHRUNKEN, DIFFICULT TO CUT

Dehydration involves slow substitution of the water in the tissue with an

ORGANIC SOLVENT

Characteristics of an ideal dehydrating solution

RAPID WITHOUT SHRINKAGE OR DISTORTION, DO NOT EVAPORATE QUICKLY, DEHYDRATE FAT, DOES NOT HARDEN TISSUE, DOES NOT REMOVE STAIN, NON TOXIC, NON FLAMMABLE

Minimum fixative volume

20x THE VOLUME OF TISSUE

Acetone can be used in long time t/f

Do not dry out the tissues t/f

may be used as long as it does not damage the proteins and miscible,to the fluids to be used subsequently

WATER MISCIBLE, ANHYDROUS FLUID

Signs of water content

MACERATED TISSUE, MILKY XYLENE, ANHYDROUS COPPER SULFATE TEST

+ in anhydrous copper sulfate

BLUE

Temperature in dehydration

More delicate tissue (embryo) begins at__ ethanol

30%

Typical dehydration sequence (4mm) ethanol/min

70%/15, 90%/15, 100%/15, 100%/15, 100%/30, 100%/45

Orientation of the tissue must be

OUTSIDE

Embryo mold must not be in

SIDEVIEW

Best dehydrating agent, Recommended for routine dehydration

ETHANOL

Ethanol advs excwpt for routine dehydration

PENETRATES EASILY, USED FOR EYES AND EMBRYO, NON TOXIC

Ethanol may react with

UNREDUCED OSMIUM TETROXIDE

Long use of ethanol may cause

SHRINKAGE, HARDEN

Ethanol extracts more lipids than

ACETONE

Ethanol extractss _ and other_from section

METHYLENE BLUE, THIAZINE DYE

Ethanol is only slightly miscible to

WAX

Can be used in Blood, touch preparations and smear preparation but it is toxic

METHANOL

Used in plant and animal micro-techniques, Less shrinkage and distortion than ethanol

BUTANOL

Recommended for tissues which do not require rapid processing , Miscible with paraffin

BUTANOL

Give 2 butanol cons

ODOROUS, SLOW ACTING

Butanol temp

117.7

Odorous reag you must use?

FUME HOOD

Universal solvent-acts as dehydrating and clearing agent

TERTIARY BUTANOL

Tertiary butanol mixes well with

WATER, ETHANOL, XYLENE, PARAFFIN

Temp where tertiary butanol solidifys

Temp of Tertiary butanol

82.8

Excellent substitute for ethanol, Less shrinkage and hardening than ethanol. It is also sufficiently water-free to use in place of absolute ethanol and Less expensive. Used in Microwave processing

ISOPROPANOL

Isopropanol Cannot be used in the celloidin technic since _ is insoluble in it

NITROCELLULOSE

Miscible with 90% alcohol, toluene and xylene Dissolves paraffin wax

PENTANOL, AMYL ALCOHOL

Cons of amyl alcohol

TOXIC, CANNOT BE USED IN POORLY VENTILATED ROOM, NOT MISCIBLE WITH WATER

Cheap, rapid • Does not extract methylene blue and other dyes from stained sections . May cause less shrinkage of specimen than ethanol

ACETONE

Not reactive with Os0, remaining in specimen. • Miscible with most embedding resins.

ACETONE

Acetone 2 cons

FLAMMABLE, VOLATILE

Acetone may induced_in prolonged immersion

BRITTLENESS

Best processing requires a graded series of a mixture of _ and _ before one can go into paraffin

ACETONE, XYLENE

Acetone is a

FIXATIVE, DEHYDRATING

Universal solvent--it dehydrates and clears. Does not harm tissue over long time periods and Faster dehydrant than ethanol

DIOXANE, DIETHYLENE DIOXIDE

2 cons of Dioxane

HIGHLY TOXIC, RIBBONS POORLY

Explosive products in dioxane wgen reused

PEROXIDE

This where the tisue rriboon palced to fix its fold

FLOATATION BATH

2 methods in dioxane

GRAUPNER'S, WEISEBERGER'S

tissue is wrapped in a gauze bag and suspended in a bottle containing dioxane and a little anhydrous calcium oxide

WEISEBERGER'S

Rapid dehydrating agent • Tissue may remain in it for months without injury

CELLOSOLVE, ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER

Tissues may be transferred from water or normal saline and stored for months without hardening or distortion • Avoids distortion and does not require graded dilutions

CELLOSOLVE, ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER

Cellusolve combust at

43-48

Universal solvent-it dehydrates and clears • Miscible in all proportions with water, ether chloroform, acetone, and the hydrocarbons xylene, toluene, and benzene

TETRAHYDROFURAN

Rapid without excessive shrinkage and hardening; easier cutting of sections • Low toxicity; low fire and explosion

TETRAHYDROFURAN

6months exposure to tetrahydrofuran produces

CONJUNCTIVAL IRRITATION

For electron microscopy Dehydrating agent: Transition fluid: Substitute:

ETHANOL, PROPYLENE OXIDE, ACETONITRILE

softening agent for hard tissues

GLYCEROL

acts as a softening agent for hard tissues like tendons, nail, dense connective tissues, and keratin masses

PHENOL

_phenol is added to each 95% ethanol stations

This will impair subsequent step

WATER

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