COMPH Lesson 5

73問 • 2年前

問題一覧

are actions individuals take that affect their health. They include actions that lead to improved health, such as eating well and being physically active, and actions that increase one’s risk of disease, such as smoking, excessive alcohol intake, and risky sexual behavior.

HEALTH BEHAVIOR

put in place have marginalized some population groups and communities, keeping them from the supports and resources necessary to thrive.

POLICY, PROGRAM

views behaviors as occurring in sets and influencing each other, developing from deeply rooted identities arising from membership in social groups

HEALTH LIFESTYLE

An approach that involves defining and measuring the problem, determining the cause or risk factors for the problem, determining how to prevent or ameliorate the problem, and implementing effective strategies on a larger scale and evaluating the impact.

PUBLIC HEALTH APPROACH

In order to eliminate disparities in health, the public health approach must take place in the context of a balanced community health system, which includes

HEALTH PROMOTION, DISEASE PREVENTION, EARLY DETECTION

suggests that: “Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health”.

WHO

Who distinguish five approaches to health promotion, each necessitating the use of different kinds of activities.

EWLES, SIMNETT

aims to enable people to address health problems and lead healthier lives.

HEALTH PROMOTION

Five approaches to health promotion

MEDICAL, BEHAVIOURAL CHANGE, EDUCATIONAL, CLIENT CENTERED, SOCIETAL CHANGE

aims to enable people to be free from medically defined disease and disability, such as infectious diseases, cancer and heart disease. The approach involves medical interventions to prevent or ameliorate ill health. Possibly using a persuasive paternalistic method

MEDICAL APPROACH

what method for example middle age people to be screened for high blood pressure

PERSUASIVE PATERNALISTIC METHOD

This approach values preventive medical procedures and the medical profession’s responsibility to ensure that patients comply with recommended procedures

MEDICAL APPROACH

approach is based upon changing people’s individual attitudes and behaviors so that they adopt a “healthy lifestyle”. Examples include teaching people how to stop smoking, look after their teeth, eat the “right food”, and so on

BEHAVIORAL CHANGE APPROACH

The aim of the education approach is to provide individuals with

INFORMATION

approach is to provide individuals with information, ensure knowledge and understanding of health issues, and to enable well-informed decisions to be made.

EDUCATIONAL APPROACH

an approach where encourages individuals to make their own decisions and at the same time health professionals will see it as their responsibility to raise with clients the health issues which they think will be in the client’s best interests

EDUCATIONAL APPROACH

an approach where health professional works with clients to help them identify what they want to know about and take action on, and make their own decisions and choices according to their own interests and values

CLIENT CENTERED APPROACH

The role of the health professional is to act as a

FACILITATOR

Self-empowerment of the client is seen as

CENTRAL

Clients are valued as equals. They have knowledge, skills and abilities to contribute, and they have an absolute right to control their own health destinies

CLIENT CENTERED APPROACH

approach modifies the physical and social environment in order to make it more conducive to good health.

SOCIETAL CHANGE APPROACH

Societal change approach values______ to change society

DEMOCRATIC RIGHT

“in the end, public health is just health education and every community health worker is a health educator.”

DEBNATH 2006

“in the end, public health is just health education and every community health worker is a health educator.” This is further explained by looking at the three approaches to public health, namely

REGULATORY LEGAL, SERVICE ADMINISTRATIVE, EDUCATIONAL

seeks to protect the health of the public thru the enforcement of laws and regulations

REGULATORY APPROACH

An approach where it provides free services to the people. Providing health facilities that the community can use. Based on the felt needs of the community

SERVICE APPROACH

used widely today and is consistent with democratic philosophy which does not order people. The results although slow are permanent and enduring. It involves motivation, communication, and decision making.

EDUCATIONAL APPROACH

Health education in three levels:

FAMILY APPROACH, SMALL GROUP APPROACH, MASS APPROACH

the approach is more specific to the needs of an individual like counselling.

INDIVIDUAL APPROACH

one might need to be more creative in order to catch the attention of the target audience. Say, a focus group discussion may be a valuable source of ideas on how to address the group’s educational needs.

SMALL GROUP

the most difficult to address. The medium to be used must be able to cut across a wide range of audience from the youth to the senior citizens, from the richest individuals to the poorest individuals. A television advertisement or a radio show might serve this purpose.

PUBLIC LEVEL

plays a central role in the maintenance of health, and the prevention of disease. With an eye to lowering the substantial morbidity and mortality associated with health-related behavior,

HUMAN BEHAVIOR

is a process that informs, motivates and helps people to adopt and maintain healthy practices and lifestyles, advocates environmental changes as needed to facilitate this goal and conducts professional training and research to the same end".

HEALTH EDUCATION

Objectives of Health Education

INFORMING PEOPLE, MOTIVATING PEOPLE, GUIDING INTO ACTION

disseminate scientific knowledge on prevention of disease

INFORMING PEOPLE

to change pernicious habits and ways of living detrimental to health

MOTIVATING PEOPLE

People need to be encouraged to use judiciously and wisely the health services available to them

GUIDING INTO ACTION

Stages in the adoption of new ideas and practices

AWARENESS, INTEREST, EVALUATION, TRIAL, ADOPTION

Principles of learning -Topics of communities interest -Felt needs

INTEREST

Principles of learning Active learning =Group Discussion =Panel Discussion =Workshop Increase Personal Acceptance

PARTICIPATION

Principles of learning Start where people are... -Then proceed to new knowledge

KNOWN TO UNKNOWN

Know the level of understanding, education, and literacy of people -Do not use jargons

COMPREHENSION

Principles of learning Repetition =Assists in comprehension and understanding =Booster dose

REINFORCEMENT

Principles of learning Awakeming the desired to learn -Types =Internal vs. External =Primary vs. Secondary

MOTIVATION

Principles of learning Action Process =Not memorizing in a narrow state -People learn more if they can carry out in practice

LEARNING BY DOING

Principles of learning Soil- Seed- Sower-

PEOPLE, HEALTH FACT, TRANSMITTING MEDIA

Principles of learning Kind and Sympathetic educator =more important than the technical knowledge in health education

GOOD HUMAN RELATION

Principles of learning -Understands the needs and demands of the comm. -Provides proper guidance -takes initiative

LEADER

Principles of learning -Receptive view and suggestions -identifies himself with the comm. -selfless impartial considerate and sincere

LEADER

Principles of learning -easily accesible to people -able to control and compromise to various fractions -skills and knowledge in eliciting coperation -coordinates various official snd non official organizations

LEADER

Nutritional factors in Health Promotion present in both rich and poor countries

UNDERNUTRITION, OVERNUTRITION

3 things under Malnutrition

STARVATION, MARASMUS, KWASHIORKOR

3 things in Overnutrition

EXCESS AND IMBALANCE, OBESITY

Most have occured due to war or civil unrest and fragile chain of producton, transportatiom, storage, processing, and marketing. Present Ethiopa, Sudan, Somalia, Bosnia

STARVATION

A severe wasting syndrome due to severe malnutrition and deficiencies in al nutrients like mothers milk fails.

MARASMUS

Deficiency in one or more amino acid during the weaning process due ro visceral protein malnutrition and abdominal ascitis

KWASHIORKOR

Synergism between Malnutrition and Infection happens between?

FIRST AND FIFTH BIRTHDAY

Problem with fast foods due to excessive amount of fat, deficient fiber, stimulate excessive insulin production from refined sugar

OVERNUTRITION

what are the Exposure to environmental Health hazards Route of entry

SKIN, LUNG, GIT

Microbes

LUNG, GIT

Chemical

SKIN

Heat

SKIN

Radiation

SKIN

Cuts

SKIN

Contusions

SKIN

Chemical aerosol

LUNG

Fumes

LUNG

Dusts

LUNG

Allergens

LUNG

Chemical toxins

GIT

Character of the exposure

TIME OF OCCURENCE, NUMBER OF EXPOSURE, DURATION OF EACH SEQUENCE, INTENSITY OF EACH SEQUENCE

Major sources of Health Hazard

AIR POLLUTION, WATER POLLUTION, SOLID WASTE, CONTAMINATED FOOD, ENVIRONMENTAL VECTOR

Who introduced Theory of Human Motivation/year

ABRAHAM MASLOW/1943

Discussion 1

Jef Marc Valencia · 42問 · 2年前

Discussion 1