PERICARDIAL FLUID

Jef Marc Valencia · 73問 · 2年前

通報

問題一覧

The lubricating serous fluid contained within the pericardial cavity.

PERICARDIAL FLUID

Pericardial fluid is found between the space of _____surrounding heart

VISCERAL, PARIETAL

Pericardial fluid equalizes pressure across the heart wall known as

TRANSMURAL PRESSURE

The process by which pericardial fluid forms from plasma in the epicardium

ULTRAFILTRATION

Secretes pericardial fluid in the pericardium

MESOTHELIAL CELL

Regulates protein movement

CAPILLARY PERMEABILITY

Drives fluid into the cavity

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE

Retains fluid in vessels via plasma proteins

ONCOTIC PRESSURE

Clears excess fluid

LYMPHATIC ABSORPTION

One of the main components of pericardial fluid; includes Na⁺, K⁺, and Cl⁻ ions.

ELECTROLYTE

Total protein concentration is about ___% of that in plasma

The major protein component of pericardial fluid, comprising ~70% of total protein content.

ALBUMIN

Components of pericardial fluid present at lower levels compared to plasma.

CALCIUM, PHOSPHATE

Defined as the abnormal accumulation of fluid within the pericardial cavity.

PERICARDIAL EFFUSION

Pericardial effusion becomes dangerous when it leads to ____, where fluid compresses the heart, reducing cardiac output.

CARDIAC TAMPONADE

Suspected if physical examination shows signs of tamponade, and it is confirmed by imaging (echocardiography, radiography).

EFFUSION

Beck's triad s/s

HYPOTENSION, JUGULAR VENOUS DISTENSION, MUFFLED HEARTBEAT SOUND

Surgical puncture into the pericardial cavity to collect fluid.

PERICARDIOCENTESIS

Pericardiocentesis is performed by a physician using what technique

STERILE

Procedure when needed to investigate an infection

CULTURE

Procedure when needed for suspected malignancy.

CYTOLOGY

Involves a surgical incision into the pericardium Typically performed following a limited thoracotomy

PERICARDIOTOMY

Tubes for cell counts

ANTICOAGULATED

Tubes for microbiology and cytology

STERILE HEPARINIZED, SPS

Tube for chemical analysis

NON ANTICOAGULATED

Transportation temperature for PERICARDIAL fluid

ROOM TEMPERATURE

Color Normal or transudate pericardial fluid

CLEAR, PALE YELLOW

Color Renal failure with uremia pericardial fluid

STRAW, CLEAR

Color Infection, malignancy of pericardial fluid

TURBID

Color Tumors, tuberculosis of pericardial fluid

BLOOD STREAKED, CLOUDY

Color Accidental cardiac puncture, misuse of anticoagulant medications of pericardial fluid

GROSSLY BLOODY

Color chylous and pseudochylous of pericardial fluid

MILKY

This is due to lymphatic obstruction; triglycerides >110 mg/d

CHYLOUS

Associated with chronic inflammation and high cholesterol

PSEUDOCHYLOUS

Used to determine the nature of the effusion

LIGHTS CRITERIA

Refers to systemic causes (e.g., heart failure)

TRANSUDATE

Refers to local causes (e.g., infection, malignancy)

EXUDATE

High RBC count in the pericardial fluid suggests

HEMORRHAGE

Value of WBC count in pericardial fluid suggests bacterial infection, TB, or malignancy

>10000

Value of pericardial fluid suggesting transudate

<1000

High neutrophils in the pericardial fluid may suggest

BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS

Detects exudates in the pericardial fluid (inflammatory origin)

PROTEIN

Value of protein in pericardial fluid suggests exudate

>3G/DL

Testing in the pericardial fluid Evaluates for infection or malignancy

GLUCOSE

Value of glucose pericardial fluid suggests infection or cancer

<60MG/DL

Value of pH pericardial fluid suggests severe infection/rheumatic disease

<7.10

Value of pH pericardial fluid suggests malignancy, TB, uremia

7.20-7.30

Test for pericardial fluid which Distinguishes between chylous and pseudochylous effusion

LIPID

Testing for Pericardial fluid which Detects inflammation or tissue damage

LDH

Value of LDH suggesting inflammation or malignancy

>200 U/L

This Supports tubular effusion

ADENOSINE DEAMINASE

Immune marker for tuberculosis

INTERFERON Y

Value of Interferon Y that strongly suggests TB

>1000

Immunologic studies identify what antibodies which attack the body’s cells.

ANTINUCLEAR ANTIBODY

Result of Detection of ANA which is Unlikely to indicate lupus serositis (inflammation of the pericardium due to lupus).

NEGATIVE

Titer of ANA which is (1:5120) do not confirm lupus. Other conditions, especially malignancies (cancer), can cause elevated ANA levels.

POSITIVE

Detects atypical or malignant cells in pericardial fluid.

CYTOLOGIC EXAMINATION

Clumping, irregular nuclei, high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic (N:C) ratio, large nucleoli.

MALIGNANT CELL

Elevated CEA supports a diagnosis of

HAKDOG

Detects exudates (inflammatory origin) + 50% bacteria endocarditis cases

GRAM STAINING

Grows bacteria from fluid to identify pathogen which is More sensitive than Gram stain (~80% positive in bacterial endocarditis)

CULTURE

More sensitive and accurate test for detecting TB.

PCR

For diagnosing tubular effusion

ACID FAST STAIN

Common pathogens bacteria

STREPTOCOCCUS, STAPHYLOCOCCUS

Common pathogens viral

ADENOVIRUS, COXSACKIEVIRUS

Hippocrates described pericardial fluid as

RESEMBLING URINE

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