Researcj Design

48問 • 2年前

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The reason for asking research questions are of two general kinds

INTELLECTUAL, PRACTICAL

Also known as fundamental research.concerned mainly with adding new information without necessarily having immediate application for its end result

PURE

In Pure Research______is the only motivational factor behind it

INTELLECTUAL CURIOSITY

focused up on a real life problem requiring an action or policy decisiontries to find out practical and immediate result; problem oriented and action directed.vast scope for applied research in the fields of technology, management, commerce, economics and other social sciences.

APPLIED

the basic framework which provides guidelines for the rest of research process.

RESEARCH DESIGN

constitute the blue print for the collection, measurement and analysis of data-AUTHOR

BERNARD PHILIPS

it embodies a view of social reality as an external, objective reality.meaning is from data generated; generalization is by population membershipentails a deductive approach to the relationship between theory and research.

QUANTITATIVE

it embodies view of social reality as a constantly shifting emergent property of individuals’ creation; meaning is situational, decided by the actors, negotiated, or by multiple perspectives emphasizes an inductive approach

QUALITATIVE

the researcher selects a general topic and then begins collecting information to assist in the formation of a hypothesis the data collected during the investigation

INDUCTIVE REASONING

seeks to describe the current status of an identified variable

DESCRIPTIVE

Fact-finding with adequate interpretation

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH

systematic collection of information requires careful selection of the units studied and careful measurement of each variable

DESCRIPTIVE

Gathering of data regarding present conditions

DESCRIPTIVE SURVEY

Surveys are made to ascertain the normal or typical conditions

DESCRIPTIVE NORMATIVE SURVEY

Seeks to answer questions to real facts

DESCRIPTIVE STATUS

Determines or describes the nature of an object by dissecting it into parts

DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS

For taxonomic studies in the natural sciences

DESCRIPTIVE CLASSIFICATION

To appraise the worthiness of a current study • Relate the efficiency or effectiveness of practices, policies, instrumentsor other variables that may be considered

DESCRIPTIVE EVALUATIVE

Two entities are compared

DESCRIPTIVE COMPARATIVE

attempts to determine the extent of a relationship between two or more variables using statistical data

CORRELATIONAL

recognize trends and patterns in data, but it does not go so far in its analysis to prove causes for these observed patterns. Cause and effect is not the basis of this type of observational research.

CORRELATIONAL

Variables are not manipulated; they are only identified and are studied as they occur in a natural setting.

CORRELATIONAL

the researcher manipulates one or more independent variables and observes whether there are corresponding changes on the dependent variable

EXPERIMENTAL

Basic Characteristics of True Experimental Designs:

MANIPULATION, CONTROL, RANDOMIZATION

Also known as “ex post facto” research. (Latin for “after the fact” research investigators attempt to determine the cause or consequences of differences that already exist between or among groups of individuals.

CAUSAL COMPARATIVE

an attempt to identify a causative relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable.

CAUSAL COMPARATIVE

an attempt to identify a causative relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable.

CAUSAL COMPARATIVE

Different groups Compared at one time

CROSS SECTIONAL

follow up two or more groups from exposure to outcome. They compare the experience of one group exposed to a factor (exposed group) with that of the other which was not exposed to the factor (control group).

COHORT

a method that includes the analysis of the characteristics of the narrative text, and recently of the meaning of inter-human relations in social, historical, and cultural contexts

NARRATIVE

Instead of looking for themes that emerge from an account, it concentrates on the sequential unfolding of someone’s story so there is an emphasis on characters

NARRATIVE

data are collected by observations, diaries, letters, interviews, artifacts, and photographs

NARRATIVE

A systematic and critical inquiry of the whole truth of past events using the critical method in the understanding and interpretation of facts applicable to current issues and problems.

HISTORICAL

authenticity or genuineness of the data

EXTERNAL CRITICISM

the accuracy of the data, and is considered after the data are considered to be genuine.

INTERNAL CRITICISM

(these are original documents found in archives

PRIMARY SOURCE

(works by other authors writing about history

SECONDARY SOURCE

records from various institutions, case reports)

OFFICIAL RECORD

(chronicles, autobiographies, diaries, memoirs, records of oral history).

PRIVATE MATERIAL

a design of inquiry coming from philosophy and psychology in which the researcher describes the lived experiences of individuals about a phenomenon as described by participants

PHENOMOLOGICAL

the word ethnography comes from Greek ethnos which means ‘folk, people, and nation’, and grapho means ‘I write’.

ETHNOGRAPHICAL

“The systematic process of observing, detailing, describing, documenting, and analyzing the life ways or particular patterns of a culture (or subculture) to grasp the life ways or patterns of the people in their familiar environment.”

ETHNOGRAPHY

A detailed and systematic examination of the contents of a particular body of materials for the purpose of identifying patterns, themes, or biases.

CONTENT ANALYSIS

used by sociologists to analyze social life by interpreting words and images from documents, books, newspapers, films, arts, music, and other cultural products and media.

CONTENT ANALYSIS

on counting, where researchers would count occurrences of a word, phrase, or theme.

COUNTING ANALYSIS

Case study is an in-depth exploration from multiple perspectives of the complexity and uniqueness of a particular project, policy, institution, program or system in a real life” [Simons, 2009]. • Commonly the term “case” associates the case study with a location, such as a community or organization and the emphasis is upon an intensive examination of the setting.

CASE STUDY

an approach to theory development grounded/rooted in the data rather than empirical testing of the theory, that is, data are collected and analyzed, and then a theory is developed which is grounded in the data

GROUNDED THEORY

GROUNDED THEORY • developed in 1967 by two sociologists

BARNEY GLASER, ANSELM STRAUSS

COMPH Lesson 5

Jef Marc Valencia · 73問 · 2年前

COMPH Lesson 5