What are the 3 renal function test

Procedures performed to determine the ability of the kidneys to carry out its metabolic functions

Standard test used to determine the filtering capacity of the glomeruli

Process that involves the filtration of blood which leads to the formation of the ultrafiltrate per unit/time

What are the 2 tests performed in Glomerular filtration tests

Test that performed under GFT which detects substances that already present inside the body.

Test that performed under GFT which requires infused substances that is administered in the body

What are the substances that is detected in Endogenous test

What are the substances that is detected in Exogenous test

The earliest glomerular filtration rate test which substance is first detected. Measures renal functions but not specific for glomerular filtration which no longer performed since it is affected by food intake and changes from day and night

Readily-filtered nitrogen waste product of protein present in urine substance but partially reabsorbed by the renal tubules

Routinely performed for screening glomerular filtration

Specimen required for CCT

How to preserve 24 hour urine

What is the greatest source of error in CCT

Normal value of CCT in males

Normal value of CCT in females

CCT is greatly affected by what factors

Creatinine Clearance Test Disadvantages 1. Some creatinine is secreted by the tubules, and secretion _____ as blood level rise 2. _______present in human plasma react in the chemical analysis 3. Medications, including , inhibit tubular secretion of creatinine 4. Bacteria will break down urinary creatinine if specimens are kept at _______for extended periods. 5. An increased intake of ____ can raise the urine and plasma levels of creatinine during the 24-hour collection period. 6. Measurement of creatinine clearance is not a reliable indicator in patients suffering from ______or persons involved in heavy exercise or athletes supplementing with creatine. 7. Accurate results depend on the accurate completeness of a _______. 8. It must be corrected for ________, unless normal is assumed, and must always be corrected for children.

What is the product of muscle metabolism

A substance that dissociates from HLA at a constant rate and is rapidly removed from the plasma by glomerular filtration

What is the molecular weight of B2 Microglobulin

A test under GFT Endogenous tests which not reliable on patients with a history of immunologic disorders or malignancy

A small protein produced at a constant rate by all nucleated cells which is readily filtered by the glomerulus and reabsorbed and broken down by the renal tubular cells

What is the molecular weight of cystatin c

A test under GFT Endogenous recommended for pediatric, diabetic, geriatric and critically-ill patients which is directly proportional to GFR

It is the gold standard or reference method for Renal Function Test

A polymer of fructose which is extremely stable exogenous substance, neither reabsorbed nor secreted by the tubules but it is administered IV

provides a method for determining glomerular filtration through the plasma disappearance of the radioactive material and enables visualization of the filtration in one or both kidneys.

What is the injected radionucleotidein Exogenous Clearance test

This procedure can be valuable to measure the viability of a transplanted kidney.

Formulas developed to provide estimates of the GFR based on the serum creatinine without the urine creatinine

Most frequently used formula used to evaluate patient placement on kidney transplant lists

What is value being multiplied in females in Cockcroft and Gault

GFR = 170 x serum creatinine - 0.999 x age - 0.176 x 0.822 (if patient is female) x 1.1880(if patient is black) x BUN-0.170 x serum albumin + 0.318

Also known as Tubular Reabsorption Test used to evaluate tubular reabsorption

A concentration test which Patient is deprived of fluid for 24 hours

What is normal value for Urine SG in fishberg

Concentration Test used for volume and specific gravity comparison of day and night urine sample

Influenced by the number and density of particles in a solution.

Influenced by the number of particles in a solution that is Based on the measurement of colligative properties

formula used for children in Calculated Glomerular Filtration Tests

First principle incorporated in osmometers which 1 mol solute will lower the freezing point by 1.86oC

Normal Serum Osmolarity:

Normal Urine Osmolarity:

Normal Urine to Serum Osmolarity Ratio

Evaluates the ability of the kidney to respond to the body’s state of hydration

Result in Free Water Clearance if less water is being excreted

Result in Free Water Clearance if no renal concentration or dilution

Result in Free Water Clearance if excess water is being excreted

Used primarily to analyze serum and sweat microsamples for disorders not related to renal function, such as cystic fibrosis.

A c'mon method of osmometer which determine the freezing point of a solution by supercooling a measured amount of sample to approximately 27O C.

1000mOsm/kg of H2O will lower the freezing point of H2O by how many degree celsius

Clinical osmometers use solutions of _______concentration as their reference standards because a solution of partially ionized substances is more representative of urine and plasma composition.

Osmometer which utilizes depression of dew point temperature by solute parallels the decrease in vapor pressure, thereby providing a measure of this colligative property.

Vapor pressure osmometer uses microsamples of less than_____; therefore, care must be taken to prevent any evaporation of the sample prior to testing

A tubular secretion and renal blood flow test which substance administered is a Non-toxic loosely bound to plasma proteins which then should be completely removed as the blood passes through the peritubular capillaries

A tubular secretion and renal blood flow test which was historically used to evaluate tubular secretion and renal blood flow but it is no longer perform as it was obselete and hard to interpret

A tubular secretion and renal blood flow test which evaluates the ability of the kidneys to produce an acid urine by determining the Amount of free H+ and total acidity.

What is being administered in Titrable Acidity and Urinary Ammonia

Sample required in Titrable Acidity and Urinary Ammonia is _____collected at 2-hour intervals

A tubular secretion and renal blood flow test which Evaluates unilateral kidney disease