HEMOGLOBIN

GLOBIN, HEME, 2,3 BIPHOSPHOGLYCERATE

GLOBIN

4 PROTOPORPHYRIN IX, 4 FERROUS

EPSILON, ZETA

ALPHA, ZETA

BETA, DELTA, GAMMA, EPSILON

ALPHA, BETA, DELTA, GAMMA

THETA

PROTOPORPHYRIN IX

4 PYRROLE RING

FERROUS, FE2++

FERRIC, FE3+

MITOCHONDRIA

AMINOLEVULENIC ACID

PORPHOBILINOGEN

COPROPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE

PROTOPORPHYRIN IX

FERROCHELATASE, HEME SYNTHASE

TRANSFERRIN

CYTOSOL

2,3 DIPHOSPHOGLYCERATE

LACTATE, PYRUVATE

EMBDEN MEYERHOF PATHWAY

RAPOPORT LUEBERING PATHWAY

HEXOSE MONOPHOSPHATE SHUNT, PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY

RELAX FORM

TENSE FORM

ALKALINE

SALT BRIDGE

4

GOWER 1, GOWER 2, PORTLAND

FETAL HEMOGLOBIN, HEMOGLOBIN A1, HEMOGLOBIN A2

2 ZETA, 2 EPSILON

2 ZETA, 2 GAMMA

2 ALPHA, 2 EPSILON

2 ALPHA, 2 GAMMA

2 ALPHA, 2 BETA

2 ALPHA, 2 DELTA

3

ZETA CHAIN

EPSILON CHAIN

FETAL HEMOGLOBIN

ALKALI DENATURATION, KLEIHAUER BETKE ACID ELUTION

PINK

BROWN

8%

2%

1%

LIVER

BONE MARROW

97%

2%, 1.5-3.5%

B-THALASSEMIA, HYPERTHYROIDISM, MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA

B-THALASSEMIA

140-175 G/L

123-153 G/L

150-200 G/L

OXYHEMOGLOBIN, HBO2

OXYHEMOGLOBIN, HBO2

BRIGHT RED

DEOXYHEMOGLOBIN

CARBAMINOHEMOGLOBIN

DARK RED

CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN, HBCO

CARBON MONOXIDE

AUTOMOBILE EXHAUST, INDUSTRIAL WASTE, TOBACCO SMOKING

<1%

CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN, HBCO

5G/100ML

>50-70%

PURE OXYGEN ADMINISTRATION, HYPERBARBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY

576 NM

SODIUM HYDROXIDE TEST, DILUTION TEST, TANNIC ACID TEST

40% SODIUM HYDROXIDE, EDTA BLOOD

RED

BLACK BROWN

50ML

CHERRY RED

YELLOWISH RED

RED PPT

BLACK BROWN DISCOLORATION

METHEMOGLOBIN, HEMIGLOBIN, HI

1.5%

0.5-3%

>1.5 G/DL, 10%

CHOCOLATE BROWN

METHEMOGLOBIN

630-635 NM

FERROUS

TRANSFERRIN

SERUM IRON

TOTAL IRON BINDING CAPACITY

SERUM FERRITIN

DIPHOSPHOPYRIDINE DINUCLEOTIDE, TRIPHOSPHOPYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDE, ASCORBIC ACID

DIAPHORASE DEFICIENCY

INHERITED METHEMOGLOBINEMIA

ANILINE DYE, NO3, NO2, ANTIMALARIAL DRUG, SULFONAMIDE

ASCORBIC ACID, METHYLTHIONIMIUM CL

SULFHEMOGLOBIN