pH

Bacteria

Odor

Nitrite

Clarity

Glucose

Ketones

Conjugated bilirubin

Urobilinogen

Casts

Trichomonas

This is due to conversion of urea to ammonia because of urease

This is due to bacterial multiplication of nitrate producing bacteria

This is due to multiplication

This is due to precipitation of amorphous materials multiplication which may cause haziness in urine sample

This is due to glycolysis and bacterial use

This is due to volatilization

This is due to light exposure

This is due to oxidation to bilirubin

This is due to disintegration in alkaline urine

This is due to loss of motility in which should be tested not more than 2 hours

What is the temperature of refrigeration of urine

What decreases when you refrigerate urine sample

What increases when you refrigerate urine sample

It appears as white precipitate when you refrigerate during sample

It appears as pink precipitate when you refrigerate urine

Preservative which does not interfere with chemical test but increases specific gravity and precipitates amorphous substances but it prevents bacterial growth for 24 hours

Preserves glucose and sediments well but interferes with acid precipitation test for proteins

Preserves proteins and form elements well it does not interfere to routine analysis other than ph but it precipitate crystals and keeps ph 6.0. it is also bacteriostatic

Excellent sediment preservative and it is a reducing agent which interferes with chemical test for glucose blood leukocyte esterase and copper reduction

Does not interfere with routine test but it floats on urine surface and clings to glasswares

Prevents glycolysis and good preservative for drug analysis but it inhibits reagent strip test for glucose blood and leukocytes

This reagent may be used instead of___in drug analysis for agent strip testing

Does not interfere with routine test but it causes odor change and use one drop for ounce of specimen only

Preserve cellular elements and used for cytology studies

Use when convenient when refrigeration is not possible and may contain one or more preservatives including the sodium fluoride