TOXICOLOGY

Jef Marc Valencia · 73問 · 2年前

通報

問題一覧

Study of drug effects on biological systems

PHARMACOLOGY

Route of Drug Administration Most C'mon convenient route easily and safe but has slowest onset and risk of intoxication

ORAL

Route of Drug Administration Drug administration under tongue via oral mucosa Example

SUBLINGUAL, HYPERTENSIVE

Route of Drug Administration Insertion through rectum via rectal mucosa Example

RECTAL, LAXATIVE

Route of Drug Administration Fastest but invasive procedure Example

INTRAVENOUS, ANTIOBIOTICS & ANALGESICS

Route of Drug Administration Injected through muscles

INTRAMUSCULAR

Route of Drug Administration Injected via skin Example

SUBCUTANEOUS, INSULIN

Route of Drug Administration Via lungs Example

INHALATION, SALBUTAMOL

Route of Drug Administration Via skin for localized treatment w/ minimal side effects

TOPICAL

Route of Drug Administration Via skin like patches

TRANSDERMAL

Refers to the movement of drug in bloodstream after administration

ABSORPTION

Refers to the movement of drug in bloodstream to different tissues of the body

DISTRIBUTION

Refers to the biotransformation conversion of drug into substances to be easily excrete by the body

METABOLISM

Refers to the elimination of water soluble drug and its metabolites

EXCRETION

Refers to the steady state removal of drug via urine

CLEARANCE

Intramuscular administration is usually done in

GLUTEOUS, DELTOID

Organ responsible for metabolism of drug

LIVER

Organ responsible for the excretion of drug

KIDNEY

Drug fate is also known as

PHARMACOKINETIC

Theory define by pharmacodynamics

DRUG ACTION, RECEPTOR THEORY

Drugs w/ high affinity binds at ____concentration

LOW

Strength of drug binding to its receptor or interaction

AFFINITY

Ability of drug to produce maximal effect activating the receptor to produce physiological response

EFFICACY

Drug interaction which combined effects is greater than sum like Antibiotics

SYNERGISM

Drug interaction which combined effects equals the sum of individual effects like Acetaminophen+aspirin

ADDITION

Drug interaction which one drug enhances the effect of another Clavonalic acid+amoxicillin

POTENTIATION

Drug interaction which one drug reduces the effect of another Nalaxone antidote to morphine

ANTAGONISM

Quantitative measurement used by the doctors causing effect to 50% of subjects

EFFECTIVE DOSE 50

Quantitative measurement causing max affect of 50% to plasma and tissues

EFFECTIVE CONCENTRATION

Used as safety measure to drug safety

THERAPEUTIC INDEX

Safety measures used by the Therapeutic Index

LD50, ED50

Range between therapeutic and lethal doses

MARGIN OF SAFETY

Study of exogenous chemicals that effect bodily functions harmfully or therapeutically

TOXICOLOGY

Clinical laboratory function which used by physicians to adjust drug dosages individually

THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING

Clinical laboratory function determines offending drug, intoxication level, and suggest treatment

IDENTIFICATION OF DRUG ACUTE INTOXICATION

Clinical laboratory function used in pre employment and medico legal cases

URINE DRUG TESTING

C'monly used unit to measuring toxins for contaminated water

PPM

C'monly used unit to measuring metals in food or water

PPB

C'monly used unit to measuring ultra trace toxins

PPT

1 CC=1 ML=

1 LITER WATER=

1 KG

1 MG/KG=

1 PPM

Refers to force administration of food

GAVAGE

Toxicity endpoint causing death

MORTALITY

Toxicity endpoint causing birth defect or fetal malformation

TERATOGENICITY

Toxicity endpoint causing cancer or uncontrolled growth of cell

CARCINOGENICITY

Toxicity endpoint causing DNA mutations or permanent changes

MUTAGENICITY

Key measurement dose causing death in 50% of test animals

LETHAL DOSE 50

Key measurement used as median lethal concentration in air/water causing death in 50% of test animals

LETHAL CONCENTRATION 50

Unit of measurement used by LD50

MG/KG

Unit of measurement used by LC50

MG/L, PPM

Optimal blood sampling time which measures rate of blood administration=rate of elimination

STEADY STATE

Steady state Optimal blood sampling time is collected ____half lives of regular dosing

4-5X

Optimal blood sampling time which concentration of drug in bloodstream is measured before the next dose

TROUGH, PRE DOSE

Optimal blood sampling time used for rate of toxicity

TROUGH, PRE DOSE

Optimal blood sampling time which measures highest concentration of drug following administration measured after drug is given

PEAK, POST DOSE

Optimal blood sampling time c'monly used by IV

PEAK, POST DOSE

How minutes for Optimal blood sampling time of Peak/Post dose post infusion

How minutes for Optimal blood sampling time of Peak/Post dose post injection

Immunologic method measures enzyme activity drug concentration Detects drugs like cocaine, cannabinoids, opiates, barbiturates

ENZYME MULTIPLIED IMMUNOASSAY TECHNIQUE

Immunologic method Solid-phase assay for drugs like digoxin and digitoxin

ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY

Immunologic method Measures fluorescent products like umbelliferone -

FLUORESCENCE IMMUNOASSAY

Immunologic method Measures drug concentration via radiolabeled drug competition

RADIOIMMUNOASSAY

Best method for ELISA

SANDWICH

Product of reaction of Fluorescence Immunoassay

UMBLIFERONE

Most useful enzymes for EMIT

MALATE DEHYDROGENASE, GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE

Chromatographic Methods for drug screening

THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY

Chromatographic Methods Quantify serum drug levels, confirm drug identity

HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY, GAS LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

Visible spectrum substance seen in Spectrophotometry

SALICYLATE

Ultraviolet spectrum Spectrophotometry

BARBITURATE

Fluorescence substance detected in Spectrophotometry

QUINIDINE

Also used for tentative drug identification

SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

COMPH Lesson 5

COMPH Lesson 5

73問 • 2年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 42問 · 2年前

Discussion 1

Discussion 1

42問 • 2年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 42問 · 2年前

Dis 1

Dis 1

42問 • 2年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 11問 · 2年前

Shift -Systematic Error

Shift -Systematic Error

11問 • 2年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 8問 · 2年前

LEVEY – JENNINGS CHART

LEVEY – JENNINGS CHART

8問 • 2年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 6問 · 2年前

WESTGARD MULTIRULE CHART

WESTGARD MULTIRULE CHART

6問 • 2年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 5問 · 2年前

Random vs Systematic

Random vs Systematic

5問 • 2年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 48問 · 2年前

Researcj Design

Researcj Design

48問 • 2年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 40問 · 2年前

Dis 1 mid

Dis 1 mid

40問 • 2年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 63問 · 2年前

COMPM LESSON 6-7

COMPM LESSON 6-7

63問 • 2年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 31問 · 2年前

Discussion -2 Six Sigma

Discussion -2 Six Sigma

31問 • 2年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 6問 · 2年前

Sigma Levels

Sigma Levels

6問 • 2年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 46問 · 2年前

COMPH- LESSON 8

COMPH- LESSON 8

46問 • 2年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 81問 · 2年前

Long Discussion ANALYTICAL METHODS & INSTRUMENTATION

Long Discussion ANALYTICAL METHODS & INSTRUMENTATION

81問 • 2年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 9問 · 2年前

WAVELENGTH Color Table

WAVELENGTH Color Table

9問 • 2年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 100問 · 1年前

Quiz Announcement ANALYTICAL METHODS & INSTRUMENTATION

Quiz Announcement ANALYTICAL METHODS & INSTRUMENTATION

100問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 18問 · 1年前

QUIz ANNOUNCEMENT part 2

QUIz ANNOUNCEMENT part 2

18問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 62問 · 1年前

Electrochem

Electrochem

62問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 18問 · 1年前

ELEC TROCH

ELEC TROCH

18問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 49問 · 1年前

TRANSCRIPTION

TRANSCRIPTION

49問 • 1年前

LIS

LIS

Jef Marc Valencia · 16問 · 1年前

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

16問 • 1年前

DIFFERENT PATHWAYS IN GLUCOSE METABOLISM

DIFFERENT PATHWAYS IN GLUCOSE METABOLISM

III. GLUCOSE MEASUREMENT

III. GLUCOSE MEASUREMENT

Jef Marc Valencia · 7問 · 1年前

Copper Reductions

Copper Reductions

7問 • 1年前

Exp.8

Exp.8

QUIZ 8/9

QUIZ 8/9

Immunology

Immunology

Jef Marc Valencia · 22問 · 1年前

Immunology part 2

Immunology part 2

22問 • 1年前

Immunology 3

Immunology 3

Lesson 4

Lesson 4

Jef Marc Valencia · 26問 · 1年前

PROTEINS

PROTEINS

26問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 34問 · 1年前

PROTEIN 2

PROTEIN 2

34問 • 1年前

PROTEIN 3

PROTEIN 3

Jef Marc Valencia · 56問 · 1年前

Serum Albumin Determination

Serum Albumin Determination

56問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 14問 · 1年前

CC lec debris

CC lec debris

14問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 44問 · 1年前

NPN

NPN

44問 • 1年前

NPN 2

NPN 2

Jef Marc Valencia · 33問 · 1年前

Materials management

Materials management

33問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 57問 · 1年前

Liver

Liver

57問 • 1年前

LESSON 10

LESSON 10

Jef Marc Valencia · 25問 · 1年前

hyperlipoproteinemia

hyperlipoproteinemia

25問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 24問 · 1年前

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR BACTERIA

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR BACTERIA

24問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 48問 · 1年前

THE SPIROCHETES

THE SPIROCHETES

48問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 31問 · 1年前

PYOGENIC GRAM POSTIVE

PYOGENIC GRAM POSTIVE

31問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 31問 · 1年前

Introduction

Introduction

31問 • 1年前

Introduction Page 2

Introduction Page 2

Jef Marc Valencia · 31問 · 1年前

Introduction pg 3

Introduction pg 3

31問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 32問 · 1年前

Introduction table

Introduction table

32問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 14問 · 1年前

Introduction-body

Introduction-body

14問 • 1年前

NK-Immunity

NK-Immunity

Jef Marc Valencia · 45問 · 1年前

meet 2

meet 2

45問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 38問 · 1年前

discussion 3

discussion 3

38問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 25問 · 1年前

dis 1

dis 1

25問 • 1年前

Immuno vs anti

Immuno vs anti

Jef Marc Valencia · 47問 · 1年前

Immune 3

Immune 3

47問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 46問 · 1年前

dis 4

dis 4

46問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 12問 · 1年前

TRANSUDATIVE Vs. EXUDATIVE

TRANSUDATIVE Vs. EXUDATIVE

12問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 75問 · 1年前

dis 5

dis 5

75問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 9問 · 1年前

Preserved Tissue Examination Steps by definition

Preserved Tissue Examination Steps by definition

9問 • 1年前

FIXATIVES

FIXATIVES

Jef Marc Valencia · 70問 · 1年前

Long discussion 1

Long discussion 1

70問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 10問 · 1年前

ALDEHYDE-FIXATIVES

ALDEHYDE-FIXATIVES

10問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 24問 · 1年前

lactate dehydrogenase

lactate dehydrogenase

24問 • 1年前

FIXATIVES-METALLIC

FIXATIVES-METALLIC

Jef Marc Valencia · 5問 · 1年前

FIXATIVES-CHROMATE

FIXATIVES-CHROMATE

5問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 10問 · 1年前

Specialized Macrophages

Specialized Macrophages

10問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 14問 · 1年前

LYMPHOPOIESIS

LYMPHOPOIESIS

14問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 5問 · 1年前

PICRIC ACID-FIXATIVE

PICRIC ACID-FIXATIVE

5問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 33問 · 1年前

immune 4

immune 4

33問 • 1年前

FIXATIVES-ALCOHOL

FIXATIVES-ALCOHOL

Jef Marc Valencia · 40問 · 1年前

Immunoglobulins

Immunoglobulins

40問 • 1年前

ARTIFACTS

ARTIFACTS

Jef Marc Valencia · 11問 · 1年前

FIXATIVES QUIZ COPY

FIXATIVES QUIZ COPY

11問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 26問 · 1年前

MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY

MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY

26問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 58問 · 1年前

Introduction

Introduction

58問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 5問 · 1年前

OTHERS-FIXATIVES

OTHERS-FIXATIVES

5問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 34問 · 1年前

MEGAKARYOPOLESIS

MEGAKARYOPOLESIS

34問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 51問 · 1年前

DECALCIFICATION

DECALCIFICATION

51問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 64問 · 1年前

DEHYDRATION

DEHYDRATION

64問 • 1年前

Blood Specimen Collection

Blood Specimen Collection

Jef Marc Valencia · 7問 · 1年前

CLEARING

CLEARING

7問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 19問 · 1年前

CEARING AGENT

CEARING AGENT

19問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 27問 · 1年前

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

27問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 51問 · 1年前

Introduction

Introduction

51問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 12問 · 1年前

Methods of Determination

Methods of Determination

12問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 11問 · 1年前

ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE

ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE

11問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 15問 · 1年前

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE

15問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 34問 · 1年前

Creatinine Kinase

Creatinine Kinase

34問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 27問 · 1年前

LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE

LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE

27問 • 1年前

Jef Marc Valencia · 41問 · 1年前

ACID PHOSPHATASE

ACID PHOSPHATASE

41問 • 1年前