This is used to view viruses as they are too small for conventional microscope

Herpes causing viruses

This refers to the submicroscopic particle

What is the basic structure of virus

In virology, viruses are differentiated into 2 structures which are

Refers to pathogens which needs living host to survive

What rule do bacteria follows to reproduce

Bacteria needs an agar to be called cultivated while viruses needs

Considered to be the best cell for virus cultivation

The most famous cultivating medium for viruses which derives from cervical cancer cell

Cancer cells are considered to be ? Which making them as ideal cultivating media for viruses

What is the type of immunity that serves as the first line of protection against viruses

What are the first line of protection in which inhibits viral replication and enhances activity of nk cells

These are considered to be our defense when it comes to viruses and it serves as a bridging between innate and adaptive immunity

Natural killer cells have this enzymes which creates pores on viruses causing the extracellular fluid to go inside the cell promoting lysis

What is release from the virus after lysis

These are the cells that presents the antigen fragments to the adaptive immunity

This type of immunity involves the b cell and plasma cell which produces virus specific antibodies

This is form when b cells are exposed to antigen fragments which further mature producing virus specific antibodies.

This prevents the spread of viral replication through neutralization

Antibody which promotes phagocytosis through opsonization

Antibody which promotes agglutinates viral particles

Igm and igg have one important function which is to activate this substances leading to lysis

What are the specific cells involves in the cellular defense mechanism program to expand in number and attack the virus infected cell

This is similar to natural killer cells which produces proteins and proteases

Cytotoxic T cells increases to how many times to its original number

This is the capability of viruses which produces new viral antigens causing to be not recognized immediately by initial immune response

This virus can evade actions of the component of the immune response which blocks interference making degradation viruses impossible

This viruses can evade the host defense by suppressing the immune system

HIV targets what cell

Cytomegalovirus suppress this part of immune system disabling to present antigen

This antibodies indicates current or recent viral infection

This antibody indicates current or past viral infection in most cases of immunity

This immunoglobulins mainly maternal antibodies

Specific igm antibody in newborns indicates

This is the general term of inflammation of the liver

What are the possible cause of hepatitis

Acute stage of hepatitis have this symptom

Progressive stage of hepatitis have this symptoms

This substances have elevations in initial laboratory test indicating a possible hepatitis disease

This is the waste product of heme which is toxic and non-water soluble

This is the important carrier protein which delivers unconjugated bilirubin to the liver

A further converted conjugated bilirubin which is responsible for the color of urine and also excreted into the urinary system

This is form from further conversion of conjugated bilirubin which is excreted via stool

This refers to the accumulation of indirect bilirubin in the brain cause by hepatitis

Also known as? Which is non envelope single stranded ribonucleic acid virus responsible for 10 millions of infection worldwide

Hepatitis a belongs to the hepatovirus genus of

What are the possible transmission of hepatitis a

What is the course of infection of hepatitis a? Resolves in how many months

What is the serological marker in the diagnosis of hepatitis a

Demonstration of igm antibody to hepatitis a virus is detected via

Test for total hepatitis a virus which detects igg

This persist for life and it is considered as the forever marker of infection

What are the test for the virus itself

This is the major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide of hepatitis

The only dna virus in hepatitis viral infection

What is the mode of transmission of hepatitis b

What is the serological marker the diagnosis of hepatitis b

Hepatitis b belongs to the genus of what family

Disappear shortly after hbsag which may be elevated during acute phase and present during period of active replication

This must be negative when applying for interns in medical technology as this indicates that virus has high degree of infectivity

Marker for hepatitis b which is not detected in the serum

First to appear antigen which indicates current or recent infection of Hepatitis B

This refers to the period of time in which the patient suffers a possible infection without any symptoms

This is also known as the zero conversion in which the antibodies are still starting to produce

Which part of the blood has the highest concentration of virus

This marker can be tested in which may suggest that the vaccine for hepatitis b is needed a booster or not

Also known as? Which is asymptomatic but problematic because it may lead to chronic infection

What is the average incubation period of hepatitis c

Transmission of hepatitis c

Type of hepatitis which sexual transmission is less common and has no acute stage

What is the screening test of hepatitis c

What is the confirmatory test for hepatitis c

This is also refers to as the most common blood transfusion hepatitis

Is also known as? Which parenterally only occur in the presence of hepa b

Hepatitis d is a defective virus that needs what hepatitis to complete its replication

Hepatitis d infection is indicated by the presence of? In patient serum

Test used to diagnose hepatitis d

Test used to diagnose acute hepatitis d infection

This is the most severe form of viral hepatitis

Type of hepatitis which transmission is also through ingestion of heavily contaminated drinking water in developing countries in which there is no treatment

What is the incubation period of hepatitis e

Hepatitis e causes self limiting hepatitis that last for how many weeks in most people who became infected

The diagnosis of hepatitis e relies on

Acute infection of hepatitis e demonstrate the presence of? Detectable during clinical onset

IGM ANTI HEV is identified by

What is the other name of hepatitis b

What family do hepatitis c belongs

What family do hepatitis e belongs

Incubation period of hepatitis d

Incubation period of hepatitis b

Incubation period of hepatitis d

Which hepatitis is transmitted through hemodialysis

What hepatitis it has a clinical significance of acute and self limiting

What hepatitis which is chronic and about 10 to 90% of infected individuals develops cirrhosis and risk for ca

What hepatitis has an 80 to 85% will develop a chronic disease while 15 to 20% will have an spontaneous resolution

What hepatitis has the super infection or co infection with hepatitis b