CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE

Jef Marc Valencia · 73問 · 2年前

通報

問題一覧

Is the structure that is found in the nucleus and where genes are located

CHROMOSOME

Chromosomes are composed of

NUCLEOPROTEIN

These are the structure of chromosome which contains the dna which packages the nuclear genetic material of the cell

NUCLEOPROTEIN

They play crucial role for the accurate distribution of genetic information to the daughter cells.

CHROMOSOME

How many sister chromatids contains in one chromosome

This contains the tightly called double helix structure of dna

SISTER CHROMATID

Chromosomes are joined together by which allow proper separation during mitosis and meiosis

CENTROMERE

How many pairs of chromosomes in somatic cells do human have

These are non sex chromosomes that carries genetic information related to the body traits and function

AUTOSOME

This chromosomes determines the biological sex

SEX CHROMOSOME

What is the chromosome for female

What is the chromosome for males

How many pairs of non sex chromosomes do human have

How many pairs of sex chromosomes do human have

What phase do centromere is visible at

METAPHASE

A constriction visible on metaphase chromosomes where two sister chromatids are joined together. It is essential to the survival of the chromosome during cell division.

CENTROMERE

Chromosome is the site where interaction with the____during cell division

MITOTIC SPINDLE

This ensures chromosome stability and proper cell segregation during cell division

CENTROMERE

Serves as the attachment site for kinetochore

CENTROMERE

A protein context which that allows the attachment and alignment of the mitotic spindle fibers

KINETOCHORE

This is the functional elements microtubules that separate the sister chromatids during cell division

MITOTIC SPINDLE

This attach to chromosomes to the spinal fibers during cell division

KINETOCHORE APPARATUS

What are the different classifications of centromere based on its position

METACENTRIC, ACROCENTRIC, SUBMETACENTRIC

Classification of centromere which the centrome is located in the middle ensures that chromosomes from the p and q arm are equally divided

METACENTRIC

Classification of centrome which centromere is position is between near one end of the q arm

ACROCENTRIC

Classification of centromere which found at the end or slightly of the center between middle and end resulting to one arm longer

SUBMETACENTRIC

It is the physical end of chromosomes which acts as protective cups of chromosome ends and it prevents end to end fusion of chromosomes

TELOMERE

This prevents dna degradation resulting after chromosome breakage and it plays a role in synapsis during meiosis

TELOMERE

This is a result of dna degradation or chromosome breakage due to collision

END TO END FUSION

This refers to the production of similar genes of offspring from the parent cell

REPLICATION

This refers to the pairing of homologous chromosome

SYNAPSIS

Operates at the end of the chromosome this is an enzyme consisting of a protein and an rna component which the rna serves as a template for synthesizing telomere dna

TELOMERASE

It is an specific chromosomal region found in the satellite stalks of human acrocentric chromosome

NUCLEOLAR ORGANIZING REGION

What chromosomes do acrocentric chromosome of nuclear organizing region found

13, 14, 15, 22

It is responsible for the formation of nucleoli during interphase cell cycle also serves as the site of rrna genes and its production

NUCLEOLAR ORGANIZING REGION

What is the general role of ribosome

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

How many chromosomes are are found in one copy of acrocentric chromose of humans

How many nor human chromosome have

What are the two types of chromatin

EUCHROMATIN, HETEROCHROMATIN

Type of chromatin which is loosely organized extended and uncoiled which is applicable for transcription. It contains active early replicating genes for gene expression during S phase of cell cycle

EUCHROMATIN

This refers to dna forming rna to protein

TRANSCRIPTION

Type of chromatin which is highly contracted genetically inactive and late replicating during the space of mitosis which is does not participate in gene expression

HETEROCHROMATIN

What are the two types of heterochromatin

FACULTATIVE, CONSTITUTIVE

The type of a heterochromatin is able to switch to active to inactive chromatin depending on the cell type and development

FACULTATIVE

Inactivated x chromosome of female cells are also known as

BARR BODY

Condensation of facultative heterochromatin occurs during

INTERPHASE

Replication of faculty petrochromatin occurs during the late what stage of the cell cycle

S STAGE

Type of Heterochromatin which is the condensed inactivated x chromosome of female cells in which one x chromosome of every female cell is randomly inactivated

FACULTATIVE

Type of heterochromatin which consists of simple repeats of nitrogenous bases responsible for the regulation of crossing over the exchange of genes from one sister chromatid to the other during cell division

CONSTITUTIVE

Constitutive heterochromatin are commonly found on

CENTROMERE, TELOMERE

A ordered set of events resulting in cell growth and division into two daughter cells

CELL CYCLE

What are the two alternating processes of the cell cycle

S PHASE, M PHASE

A process of cell cycle which is the doubling of its genome which doubles DNA

SYNTHESIS PHASE

Process of cell cycle which halving of the genome

MITOSIS PHASE

This refers to cytoplasmic division

CYTOKINESIS

What are the stages of the cell cycle

GAP 1, SYNTHESIS, GAP 2, MITOSIS

Stage of cell cycle which is the growth and preparation of the chromosomes for replication in which the cell also experiences growth and prepares for dna replication. This also produce rna and proteins

GAP 1

This is the stage when the dna replication occurs and the duplication of the centrosome

SYNTHESIS

Stage of cell cycle which is the final preparation of mitosis

GAP 2

This is the stage of cell cycle which the nuclear division or the chromosome separates in identical sets and the cytoplasmic division which is the cytokinesis occurs

MITOSIS

What are the different stages of mitosis

PROPHASE, METAPHASE, ANAPHASE, TELOPHASE

This occurs during cytokinesis

CLEAVAGE FURROW, CELL PLATE

Ensures correct progression before leading to phases of cell cycle

PROTEIN

Cell regulator which levels remain fairly stable but each must bind with the appropriate cycling in order to be activated

CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE

Group is added to a variety of protein substrate that control processes into the cell cycle

PHOSPHATE

Cell cycle regulator which controls the g1 to s phase and also prepare dna replication

CdK 4-G1 CdK

Cell cycle regulator which regulates s phase and ensures dna duplication

CdK2-S PHASE CdK

Cell cycle regulator ensures that there is accurate separation of chromosomes in the cell division

CdK 1-M PHASE CdK

Regulatory proteins that find to cdk which levels rise and fall with the stages of cell cycle

CYCLIN

G1 cyclins activates what CdK in preparation of DNA replication

4, 6

Also known as D cyclin

G1 CYCLIN

Also known as S phase cyclin

E, A

Also known as Mitotic cyclin

It is also known as cyclosome which destroys Cohesin allowing sister chromatids to separate and degrades mitotic cyclins

ANAPHASE PROMOTING COMPLEX

This holds sister chromatid destroyed by the APC/C

COHESIN

Tumor suppressor protein which functions to block the cell cycle if the dna is damaged and it can also lead to apoptosis when the dna damage is severe.

p53

Mutation of this cell cycle regulator is the most frequent mutation leading to cancer

p53

This refers to the condition where the extreme case of p53 mutation leads to high frequency of cancer in affected individuals

LI FRAUMENI SYNDROME

A disease that results when the regulation of the cell cycle is not controlled and normal cell growth and behavior is lost

CANCER

A cell cycle inhibitor which blocks the entry in the space by binding to cyclins and CdK

p27

Reduce levels of this regulatory protein for outcome for breast cancer patients

p27

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