Without clot activators, blood specimens for serum testing must first be allowed to clot for ____ before centrifugation and removal of the serum.

Anticoagulant that inhibits thrombin

This c'mon anticoagulants chelates or binds to calcium

Accelerates the clotting process and decreases the specimen preparation time

Inhibits the metabolism of glucose by blood cells.

Most c'mon anti glycolytic agent used in hematology

An inert material that undergoes a temporary change in viscosity during the centrifugation process; this enables it to serve as a separation barrier between the liquid (serum or plasma) and cells.

What procedure which gel separators cannot be used

Preferred anticoagulant for platelet counts

EDTA is used in concentrations of

This is recommended by the International Council for Standardization in Hematology (ICSH) and CLSI as the anticoagulant of choice for blood cell counting and sizing because they produce less shrinkage of RBCs and less of an increase in cell volume on standing.

This is preferred in performing/ creating blood smear creating high quality blood films provided that they are made within 2-3 hours of drawing a specimen.

Removes calcium from the coagulation system by precipitating it into an unusable form. It has mild calcium chelating properties.

Sodium citrate commonly used concentration for coagulation studies

Sodium citrate contains

Contain buffered sodium citrate and are generally used for Westergren sedimentation rates.

Sodium citrate are used for studies such as

Ratio of Na citrate blood to anticoagulant is for black top tube

Ratio of blood to Na citrate anticoagulant is for light blue top tube

Used as an in vitro and in vivo anticoagulant. It acts as a substance that inactivates the blood-clotting factor thrombin. It anticoagulates blood by inhibiting thrombin and factor Xa.

Heparin anticoagulant of choice when performing

Heparin is an inappropriate anticoagulant for many hematology tests, including

Distorts the cell morphology; RBCs become crenated (shrunken), vacuoles appear in the granulocytes, and bizarre forms of lymphocytes and monocytes appear rapidly when oxalate is used as the anticoagulant.

Excessive EDTA induces red cell ___ causing hematocrit value and Erythrocyte Sedimentation to be ____

May be useful in drawing blood from pediatric, geriatric, or other patients with tiny, fragile, or “rolling” veins that would not be able to withstand the vacuum pressure from evacuated tubes.

The most common needle size for adult venipuncture is 21 gauge with a length of

Gauges are used for children.

Needles are inserted of what degree

Safety features to prevent accidental needle sticks.

Consists of a short needle with plastic wings connected to thin tubing

The most common skin antiseptic is

Cleanse the venipuncture site with a 70% isopropyl alcohol pad, using

Collect blood for a legal blood alcohol level, the phlebotomist must use a non-alcohol-based

If a vein cannot be located in either arm, veins on the__of the hand may be used.

This additives cannot be used in blood banking procedures

Process of obtaining blood from the veins. This is the most common technique used to obtain blood specimen.

Used to provide a barrier against venous blood flow to help locate a vein

How many inches does tourniquet is applied above venipuncture site

The tourniquet is left on for no longer than

Used on patients w/ allergies to prevent reactions

The most common means of collecting blood specimens is through the use of an

Set guidelines concerning the correct procedures for collecting and handling blood specimens. When collecting multiple tubes of blood, a specified “order of draw” of multiple evacuated tubes protocol to prevent cross contamination.

NaF chelates___, a cofactor for enzyme enolase, thus, inhibiting the enzyme’s function.

Antiseptic compound used for legal blood alcohol level

The least preferred site because of the increased risk of injury to the median nerve and/or accidental puncture of the brachial artery, in which both are located in close proximity to the basilic vein.

Most common complication encountered in obtaining a blood specimen caused by leakage of a small amount of blood in the tissue around the puncture site

During ecchymosis bending to hold the gauze pad in place is not effective

Results when leakage of a large amount of blood around the puncture site causes the area to swell rapidly

During hematoma, phlebotomist must remove the needle immediately and apply pressure to the site with a gauze pad for at least _ minutes.

Second most common complication of venipuncture is which include common infectious complications are cellulitis (inflammation of tissue) and phlebitis (inflammation of vessel or infection of vessel).

A common complication encountered during venipuncture which used of ammonia cannot be used

Rupture of red blood cells, with the consequent escape of hemoglobin, which may cause the plasma or serum to appear pink or red caused by using small a needle during a difficult draw; drawing the blood through an existing hematoma; pulling back too quickly on the plunger of a syringe; forcing blood into a tube from a syringe by pushing the plunger; mixing a tube too vigorously.

Hemolyzed specimens can alter test results,

Small red spots indicating that small amounts of blood have escaped into the skin indicate a possible hemostatic abnormality.

Also known as nosocomial anemia, physician-induced anemia, or anemia resulting from blood loss for testing.

Most common dermatological consequence of phle botomy is an allergic reaction to

Swelling caused by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intercellular spaces of the tissues.

Most c'mon caused of edema

Phlebotomy complication which blood pressure cuff could help locate a vein but should not be inflated any higher than 40 mm Hg and should not be left on the arm for longer than 1 minute.

Should be avoided because they do not allow the blood to flow freely and may make it difficult to obtain an acceptable specimen.

Pressure from the tourniquet on the arm that is on the same side as can lead to pain or lymph stasis from accumulating lymph fluid.

Technique of choice to obtain a blood specimen from newborns and pediatric patients a mixture of blood from venules, arterioles, capillaries, and interstitial and intra cellular fluids.

The site of choice for skin puncture in infants under 1 year of age

The site of choice for skin puncture in children older than 1 year of age and adult

Heel punctures in infants should not be made more than __ deep because of the risk of bone injury and possible infection (osteomyelitis)

Venipuncture site can be warmed for how many C and for no longer than

Equipment for Skin Puncture make a small incision in the skin

Which of these contains heparin anticoagulant

Prefered site for arterial puncture

Gauge for brachial artery

Degree for brachial artery

Degree for femoral artery

Done before blood is collected from the radial artery in the wrist to determine whether the ulnar artery can provide collateral circulation to the hand after the radial artery puncture.

Changing from a supine (lying) to a sitting or standing position results in a shift of body water from inside the blood vessels to the interstitial spaces

Refers to daily body fluid fluctuations that occur with some constituents of the blood. Eosinophil count, are lower in the morning and increase in the afternoon.

Can increase various constituents in the blood such as cre atinine, total protein, creatine kinase, myoglobin, aspartate amino transferase, white blood cell count, and HDL-cholesterol.

Anxiety and excessive crying in children can cause a temporary increase in the white blood cell count.

Fasting means no food or beverages except water for 8 to 12 hours before a blood draw. Increased lipids may cause turbidity (lipemia) in the serum or plasma, affecting some tests that require photometric measurement, such as the hemoglobin concentration and coagulation tests performed on optical detection instruments.