The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney located mostly in the

Each kidney how many nephron contains

What are the two types of nephron according to location

Nephrons are located in the cortex but for the loop of henle extends until the

Blood supply in the cortical nephron is supplied by

Nephron which main function is for remove waste product and reabsorption of nutrients

It comprises approximately 85% of the total number of nephron

Type of nephron that it have loops of henle that extend into the outer medullary region until the vasarecta

Type of nephron that its main function is for urine concentration and countercurrent exchanges

What are the two main components of nephron

What are the components of renal corpuscle

This is the filtering component which is composed of specialized capillary network found at the inside the bowman's capsule

This is where the filtrate goes after the glomerulus which structure surround the glomerulus and anatomically continuous with the renal tubule

It has a bigger lumen and carries blood to the glomerulus

It has a smaller lumen and carries blood from the glomerulus

Part of the distal convulated tubule that is attached to the afferent arteriole which main function is to detect changes in pressure

The fluid inside the bowman's space is called

What are the factors affecting the glomerular filtration

Filtration barrier is composed of

It is a filtration barrier that increases the permeability due to its pores

It is a smooth muscle in the penetrated endothelium which functions for contraction phagocytosis and pinocytosis

How many nanometers do fenestrated endothelium

This is the filtration barrier which provides for the restriction main size discriminant barrier to protein passage

Filtration barrier that separates epithelium of the urinary space from the endothelium of glomerular capillaries

Characterized by intertwining foot processes which forms forms filtration slits

Lines davao man's space which is like a finger like processes

Podocytes are intertwining foot processes with finger like extension which is separated from each other about how many nanometers

Afforded by negatively charged components which provides additional restriction by refilling negatively charged molecules like albumin and plasma proteins

What are the three forces involved for the net filtration pressure

The pressure that forces substances like protein free filtrate from the glomerular capillaries into the bowman's capsule

This is the capillary blood hydrostatic pressure usually measures about 60 mmhg

This is the pressure in the glomerular capillary forcing water and its solutes through filtration slits

Chp and bchp are also known as

This is the pressure exerted against the filtration membrane by fluid that is already in the capsular space

It is a pressure exerted by the proteins in the blood plasma

The formula in computing the net outward pressure

It directly affects the kidneys functional ability

How many percent of cardiac output goes to the kidneys

What is the total renal blood flow

What is the total renal plasma flow

It is a capillary bed that surround the convulated tubules which function as the vascular supply

It is the capillary bed that surrounds the loop of henle which function to receive water and solutes so that it can be turn it back to circulation

It drains blood from the kidneys

Renal

Rate of filtration in the glomerulus which processes involves the filtration of blood which leads to formation of the ultra filtrate

It serves as a non-selective filter or sieve of plasma substances with a molecular weight of less than 70,000

What are the parts of the renal tubules

It is the most convulated tubule which is the straight portion which becomes the loop of henle once it reaches the medulla

Renal tubule composed of thin descending segment u shape segment and thick and thin ascending segment

Renal tubule composed of 2-3 loops only that begins at the juxtaglomerular apparatus with the macula densa

This tubule tra versus the renal cortex and medola which serves as the site of final urine concentration

What is the epithelium of proximal convoluted tubule

This is the part of brush border epithelium of proximal convulated tubule which functions for reabsorption of nutrients

It is a part of the renal tubule which is responsible for 60% of nutrient reabsorption

Is the characteristics of finger like appearance of epithelium

The first segment of the loop of henle

Thin descending segment is made up of what cell and epithelium

It is also known as u shaped segment which is a part of loop of henle made up of flat cells and extensively interdigitating epithelium

What cells made up thin ascending loop of henle

What cell and epithelium made up the thick ascending loop of henle

It is a segment of loop of henle with high mitochondrial and enzymatic activity in the 2/3 of the distal basal layer

What segment of loop of henley is permeable to water

Segment of loop of henle which is in permeable to water which is permeable to sodium chloride

It regulates the blood flow and within the glomerulus

What part of the raas system which the distal convoluted tubule and efferent arteriole meets

It responds to changes in blood pressure and plasma sodium concentration

What is the triggering mechanism of the RAAS

It is also known as the sodium retaining hormone which is secreted by adrenal cortex

This hormone increases the water reabsorption

Angiotensin

What hormone increases the sodium reabsorption in the dct

How many percent of ultrafiltrate is excreted in the urine

This is the movement of molecules from the tubular capillaries to the tubular lumen

The movement of substances from capillaries and instertitial to the tubular lumen

Reabsorption is made possible by the what structure

The maximum limit of renal tubules can reabsorbs certain substances

These are the two mechanisms that is needed for tubular reabsorption and renal threshold

It is a type of active transport which needs carrier protein to pass through

It is an active transport that needs ATP or energy to pass through

Movement of molecules across a membrane by diffusion becauseof a physical gradient which doesn't need energy as concentration is from high to low level

This is a reabsorption mechanism which transfer of substances is brought about by the electrochemical energy and substance must combine with a carrier protein or an energy

Movement of substances from the blood in renal capillary beds to the filtrate in the tubular lumen

What are the two major function of tubular secretion

The normal blood ph

This is when after eating and urine is collected acidic caused by the production of carbon dioxide from the oxidative metabolism of food and catabolism of proteins and phosphate

What are the three mechanisms for acid base balance of the body

Monosodium phosphate that was excreted in the urine

Titrable acid has the ability to titrate urine into what ph

Hormone that Responds to the body's need for Na and promotes Na reabsorption in the DCT

Responds to the body's need for water and promotes water reabsorption in the DCT and CD

Countercurrent Mechanism in DLH

Countercurrent Mechanism in ALH

Essential substances are returned to the circulation. Substances are transported from the flitrate back to the blood