AGGLUTINATION

Jef Marc Valencia · 73問 · 2年前

通報

問題一覧

It is the product when soluble antigen is combined with soluble antibody

PRECIPITATION

It is formed when a particulate antigen is combined with particulate antibody

AGGLUTINATION

Larger reactions here may occur

AGGLUTINATION

This is the process by which particulate antigens such as cell aggregate to form larger complexes when a specific antibody is present

AGGLUTINATION

What is present in agglutination to induce reactions

ANTIBODY, AGGLUTININ

Where does the agglutination occurs in the zone of phenomena

ZONE OF EQUIVALENCE

What are the two important stage in agglutination

SENSITIZATION, LATTICE FORMATION

What is the best antibody for agglutination

IGM

This is the stage of agglutination which antigen antibody reaction occurs but there's no agglutination that occur

SENSITIZATION

Stage of agglutination where visible reaction is seen as crosslinking occur

LATTICE FORMATION

Stage where the antigen and antibody reactions rearrange

LATTICE FORMATION

Antigens have this which causing one antibody to bind in 2 antigens forming a visible agglutination

MULTIPLE EPITOPE

This is also known as the individual antigen antibody reaction

SENSITIZATION

Who and when do agglutination was first demonstrated

GRUPER AND DURHAM, 1896

Gruper and durham introduce agglutination by using what

BACTERIA, ANTIBODY

Enumerate factors that affect the agglutination

BUFFER PH, RELATIVE CONCENTRATION OF AGAB, LOCATION AND CONCENTRATION OF ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS OF THE PARTICLE, ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTION BETWEEN PARTICLE, ELECTROLYTE CONCENTRATION, ANTIBODY ISOTOPE, TEMPERATURE, CENTRIFUGATION, TIME INCUBATION OF COATED PARTICLE WITH PATIENT SERUM

What is the optimum buffer ph of agglutination

7, PHYSIOLOGIC

Where should epitopes located enabling antibodies to detect determinants

OUTSIDE

High number of determinants will result to the higher likelihood of

CROSS BRIDGING

This is the electrostatic interaction between particles in agglutination

NON COVALENT INTERACTION

This reduce the electrostatic charges that interfere with lattice formation

ELECTROLYTE

The negative charge between the surfaces of the red blood cell and the extracellular fluid preventing agglutination inside our body

ZETA POTENTIAL

What happened when two molecules have the change same charges

REPEL

This is the method done in red blood cell to demonstrate agglutination reaction and it requires what reagent

WASHING, NORMAL SALINE

What is the nature of igm which significance it as the best agglutination antibody

PENTAMERIC

IGM reacts to what temperature

COLD, 4-22

IGG reacts to what temperature

WARM, 37

IGG may participate with agglutination reaction but it requires what reagent

ANTI HUMAN GLOBULIN

Centrifugation for blood typing is done only at what speed for how many seconds

1,000 RPM, 20 SEC

What is the incubation time range for agglutination

15-60 MIN

This ensures the safety of the blood when transferring into the recipient

CROSS MATCHING

Cross matching incubation time range maximum

2 HOUR

What type of agglutination requires grading

TUBE

This grade has many free cells and may not be visible without microscope it has also a dark and turbid supernatant

W+

Disgrade has a turbid supernatant

What is the supernatant characteristic of a zero grade agglutinates

DARK, TURBID, HOMOGENEOUS

What are the two types of direct active agglutination

DIRECT IMMUNE, DIRECT NON IMMUNE

A type of agglutination reaction which is the reaction is due to an agab reaction where the ag is inherit native to the cell

DIRECT IMMUNE

Who discovered the abo grouping

KARL LANDSTEINER

Examples of methods demonstrate in direct immune agglutination

HEMAGGLUTINATION, WIDAL TEST

Blood type o carries is said to be the _gene as it does not express any phenotypic trait

AMORPH

This is a reaction where the ag is inherit to the cell but it does not have agab reaction

DIRECT NON IMMUNE

The best example of direct non-immune agglutination

VIRAL HEMAGGLUTINATION TEST

These are microorganisms that can directly bind into the red blood cells

VIRUS

The viral receptor for red blood cell

PEPLOMER

This refers to the two analytes that compete for for binding site

COMPETITIVE BINDING

What are the two reagents used in viral hemagglutination inhibition

VIRAL PARTICLE, INDICATOR RBC

What is unknown in the viral hemagglutination inhibition

PATIENT SERUM, ANTIBODY

A hemagglutination reaction which detects antiviral antibodies but yields a negative result in the presence of agglutination

VIRAL HEMAGGLUTINATION INHIBITION

What is the positive result of viral hemagglutination inhibition

ABSENCE OF AGGLUTINATION

In viral hemagglutination inhibition, viral particles will bind in what region of antiviral antibodies

FAB REGION

This type of hemagglutination reaction where the antigen does not inherit to the cell and it is usually soluble and it requires binding to other particles

INDIRECT PASSIVE AGGLUTINATION

Enumerate the different passive carriers

HUMAN RBC, BENTONITE, LATEX, COLLOIDAL GOLD, CHARCOAL

This is the result carrier particle binds with a soluble antigen

COATED PARTICLE

What is unknown in the indirect passive agglutination

ANTIBODY

Example of procedure done in indirect passive agglutination

ANTISTREPTOLYSIN O

What is added to the carrier particle in indirect passive agglutination

SOLUBLE ANTIGEN

What is added to the carrier particle in the reverse passive agglutination

SOLUBLE ANTIBODY

What region do non antigens binds

FC REGION

What is unknown on the reverse passive agglutination

ANTIGEN

A type agglutination reaction which the antibody is bound to the carrier

REVERSE PASSIVE AGGLUTINATION

Examples of methods done in reverse passive agglutination

CRP, CANDIDA, NEISSERIA

What are the 2 analytes detected in drug testing

TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL, METHAMPHETAMINE

What are the 2 reagents in latex particle agglutination inhibition

ANTIBODY, ANTIGEN COATED LATEX PARTICLE

A type of agglutination reaction that has the same principle as RPA which uses bacteria as the inert particles to which ab is attached

COAGLUTINATION

What bacteria is frequently used in coaglutination

STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

This is the potent particle of STAPH A. Which is present on its surface that naturally adsorbs the FC portion of ab molecules

PROTEIN A

What is unknown on the coaglutination test

ANTIGEN

Who discovered the antiglobulin test

COOMB

Enumerate the uses of Direct antiglobulin test

HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF NEWBORN, HEMOLYTIC TRANSFUSION REACTION, AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA, DRUG INDUCED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

It is a type of agglutination reaction method which Detects sensitization that happens in vitro

INDIRECT COOMB

A type of agglutination reaction in which IgG can participate

ANTIGLOBULIN TEST

What are the 2 types of antiglobulin test

DIRECT, INDIRECT

A type of agglutination reaction which detects IgG Ab bound to Ag on red cells observe in vivo

DIRECT COOMB

What are the examples methods used in indirect combs test

CROSSMATCHING, AB DETERMINATION, AB IDENTIFICATION, RBC AG PHENOTYPING

Indirect agglutination are demonstrated in

TEST TUBE

Refers to the agglutination reaction result reported as the actual concentration of analyte

QUANTITATIVE AGGLUTINATION REACTION

What are the examples of quantitative agglutination reaction procedures

SOLUBLE PARTICLE IMMUNOASSAY, DISPERSE DYE IMMUNOASSAY, IMMUNOASSAY BY PARTICLE COUNTING

The best procedure for quantitative agglutination reaction

IMPACT

IMPACT uses what inert particle

LATEX

DIA uses what inert particle

DYE ORGANIC COLLOIDAL

SPIA uses what inert particle

GOLD INORGANIC COLLOIDAL

Type of agglutination reaction which detects non-agglutinating antibody by means of coupling with a second antibody

ANTIGLOBULIN TEST

What are the examples of latex particle agglutination inhibition procedure

HCG TEST, DRUG SCREENING

A type of agglutination reactions which is based on the competition between particulate and soluble antigens for limited antibody combining sites and a lack of agglutination is an indicator of a positive reaction

LATEX PARTICLE AGGLUTINATION INHIBITION

A type of agglutination reactions which is where antigen has been fixed or absorbed to a carrier or an inert particle

INDIRECT PASSIVE AGGLUTINATION

A type of agglutination reaction in which it detects presence of antibodies in serum that is still attached to an analyte observed in vitro

INDIRECT COOMB

Type of agglutination reaction in in which it will not use any carrier particle in a occurs when antigens are found naturally on a particle

DIRECT ACTIVE

What is unknown in the direct active agglutination

ANTIGEN

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