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1
It is the product when soluble antigen is combined with soluble antibody
PRECIPITATION
2
It is formed when a particulate antigen is combined with particulate antibody
AGGLUTINATION
3
Larger reactions here may occur
AGGLUTINATION
4
This is the process by which particulate antigens such as cell aggregate to form larger complexes when a specific antibody is present
AGGLUTINATION
5
What is present in agglutination to induce reactions
ANTIBODY, AGGLUTININ
6
Where does the agglutination occurs in the zone of phenomena
ZONE OF EQUIVALENCE
7
What are the two important stage in agglutination
SENSITIZATION, LATTICE FORMATION
8
What is the best antibody for agglutination
IGM
9
This is the stage of agglutination which antigen antibody reaction occurs but there's no agglutination that occur
SENSITIZATION
10
Stage of agglutination where visible reaction is seen as crosslinking occur
LATTICE FORMATION
11
Stage where the antigen and antibody reactions rearrange
LATTICE FORMATION
12
Antigens have this which causing one antibody to bind in 2 antigens forming a visible agglutination
MULTIPLE EPITOPE
13
This is also known as the individual antigen antibody reaction
SENSITIZATION
14
Who and when do agglutination was first demonstrated
GRUPER AND DURHAM, 1896
15
Gruper and durham introduce agglutination by using what
BACTERIA, ANTIBODY
16
Enumerate factors that affect the agglutination
BUFFER PH, RELATIVE CONCENTRATION OF AGAB, LOCATION AND CONCENTRATION OF ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS OF THE PARTICLE, ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTION BETWEEN PARTICLE, ELECTROLYTE CONCENTRATION, ANTIBODY ISOTOPE, TEMPERATURE, CENTRIFUGATION, TIME INCUBATION OF COATED PARTICLE WITH PATIENT SERUM
17
What is the optimum buffer ph of agglutination
7, PHYSIOLOGIC
18
Where should epitopes located enabling antibodies to detect determinants
OUTSIDE
19
High number of determinants will result to the higher likelihood of
CROSS BRIDGING
20
This is the electrostatic interaction between particles in agglutination
NON COVALENT INTERACTION
21
This reduce the electrostatic charges that interfere with lattice formation
ELECTROLYTE
22
The negative charge between the surfaces of the red blood cell and the extracellular fluid preventing agglutination inside our body
ZETA POTENTIAL
23
What happened when two molecules have the change same charges
REPEL
24
This is the method done in red blood cell to demonstrate agglutination reaction and it requires what reagent
WASHING, NORMAL SALINE
25
What is the nature of igm which significance it as the best agglutination antibody
PENTAMERIC
26
IGM reacts to what temperature
COLD, 4-22
27
IGG reacts to what temperature
WARM, 37
28
IGG may participate with agglutination reaction but it requires what reagent
ANTI HUMAN GLOBULIN
29
Centrifugation for blood typing is done only at what speed for how many seconds
1,000 RPM, 20 SEC
30
What is the incubation time range for agglutination
15-60 MIN
31
This ensures the safety of the blood when transferring into the recipient
CROSS MATCHING
32
Cross matching incubation time range maximum
2 HOUR
33
What type of agglutination requires grading
TUBE
34
This grade has many free cells and may not be visible without microscope it has also a dark and turbid supernatant
W+
35
Disgrade has a turbid supernatant
1+
36
What is the supernatant characteristic of a zero grade agglutinates
DARK, TURBID, HOMOGENEOUS
37
What are the two types of direct active agglutination
DIRECT IMMUNE, DIRECT NON IMMUNE
38
A type of agglutination reaction which is the reaction is due to an agab reaction where the ag is inherit native to the cell
DIRECT IMMUNE
39
Who discovered the abo grouping
KARL LANDSTEINER
40
Examples of methods demonstrate in direct immune agglutination
HEMAGGLUTINATION, WIDAL TEST
41
Blood type o carries is said to be the _gene as it does not express any phenotypic trait
AMORPH
42
This is a reaction where the ag is inherit to the cell but it does not have agab reaction
DIRECT NON IMMUNE
43
The best example of direct non-immune agglutination
VIRAL HEMAGGLUTINATION TEST
44
These are microorganisms that can directly bind into the red blood cells
VIRUS
45
The viral receptor for red blood cell
PEPLOMER
46
This refers to the two analytes that compete for for binding site
COMPETITIVE BINDING
47
What are the two reagents used in viral hemagglutination inhibition
VIRAL PARTICLE, INDICATOR RBC
48
What is unknown in the viral hemagglutination inhibition
PATIENT SERUM, ANTIBODY
49
A hemagglutination reaction which detects antiviral antibodies but yields a negative result in the presence of agglutination
VIRAL HEMAGGLUTINATION INHIBITION
50
What is the positive result of viral hemagglutination inhibition
ABSENCE OF AGGLUTINATION
51
In viral hemagglutination inhibition, viral particles will bind in what region of antiviral antibodies
FAB REGION
52
This type of hemagglutination reaction where the antigen does not inherit to the cell and it is usually soluble and it requires binding to other particles
INDIRECT PASSIVE AGGLUTINATION
53
Enumerate the different passive carriers
HUMAN RBC, BENTONITE, LATEX, COLLOIDAL GOLD, CHARCOAL
54
This is the result carrier particle binds with a soluble antigen
COATED PARTICLE
55
What is unknown in the indirect passive agglutination
ANTIBODY
56
Example of procedure done in indirect passive agglutination
ANTISTREPTOLYSIN O
57
What is added to the carrier particle in indirect passive agglutination
SOLUBLE ANTIGEN
58
What is added to the carrier particle in the reverse passive agglutination
SOLUBLE ANTIBODY
59
What region do non antigens binds
FC REGION
60
What is unknown on the reverse passive agglutination
ANTIGEN
61
A type agglutination reaction which the antibody is bound to the carrier
REVERSE PASSIVE AGGLUTINATION
62
Examples of methods done in reverse passive agglutination
CRP, CANDIDA, NEISSERIA
63
What are the 2 analytes detected in drug testing
TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL, METHAMPHETAMINE
64
What are the 2 reagents in latex particle agglutination inhibition
ANTIBODY, ANTIGEN COATED LATEX PARTICLE
65
A type of agglutination reaction that has the same principle as RPA which uses bacteria as the inert particles to which ab is attached
COAGLUTINATION
66
What bacteria is frequently used in coaglutination
STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
67
This is the potent particle of STAPH A. Which is present on its surface that naturally adsorbs the FC portion of ab molecules
PROTEIN A
68
What is unknown on the coaglutination test
ANTIGEN
69
Who discovered the antiglobulin test
COOMB
70
Enumerate the uses of Direct antiglobulin test
HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF NEWBORN, HEMOLYTIC TRANSFUSION REACTION, AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA, DRUG INDUCED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
71
It is a type of agglutination reaction method which Detects sensitization that happens in vitro
INDIRECT COOMB
72
A type of agglutination reaction in which IgG can participate
ANTIGLOBULIN TEST
73
What are the 2 types of antiglobulin test
DIRECT, INDIRECT
74
A type of agglutination reaction which detects IgG Ab bound to Ag on red cells observe in vivo
DIRECT COOMB
75
What are the examples methods used in indirect combs test
CROSSMATCHING, AB DETERMINATION, AB IDENTIFICATION, RBC AG PHENOTYPING
76
Indirect agglutination are demonstrated in
TEST TUBE
77
Refers to the agglutination reaction result reported as the actual concentration of analyte
QUANTITATIVE AGGLUTINATION REACTION
78
What are the examples of quantitative agglutination reaction procedures
SOLUBLE PARTICLE IMMUNOASSAY, DISPERSE DYE IMMUNOASSAY, IMMUNOASSAY BY PARTICLE COUNTING
79
The best procedure for quantitative agglutination reaction
IMPACT
80
IMPACT uses what inert particle
LATEX
81
DIA uses what inert particle
DYE ORGANIC COLLOIDAL
82
SPIA uses what inert particle
GOLD INORGANIC COLLOIDAL
83
Type of agglutination reaction which detects non-agglutinating antibody by means of coupling with a second antibody
ANTIGLOBULIN TEST
84
What are the examples of latex particle agglutination inhibition procedure
HCG TEST, DRUG SCREENING
85
A type of agglutination reactions which is based on the competition between particulate and soluble antigens for limited antibody combining sites and a lack of agglutination is an indicator of a positive reaction
LATEX PARTICLE AGGLUTINATION INHIBITION
86
A type of agglutination reactions which is where antigen has been fixed or absorbed to a carrier or an inert particle
INDIRECT PASSIVE AGGLUTINATION
87
A type of agglutination reaction in which it detects presence of antibodies in serum that is still attached to an analyte observed in vitro
INDIRECT COOMB
88
Type of agglutination reaction in in which it will not use any carrier particle in a occurs when antigens are found naturally on a particle
DIRECT ACTIVE
89
What is unknown in the direct active agglutination
ANTIGEN
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