Dis 1

Jef Marc Valencia · 73問 · 2年前

通報

問題一覧

It is the most frequently used measure of variation

STANDARD DEVIATION

A statement of the extent of random variation in any series of measurement

STANDARD DEVIATION

measure of the distribution of values around the mean

STANDARD DEVIATION

commonly caused by a bias In volumetric dispensing of thespecimen aliquot

PROPORTIONAL VARIABILITY

commonly observed in analytical procedures that are Influenced by the turbidity of the speclmen

CONSTANT VARIABILITY

Sources cannot be completely controlled or identified it increase the extent of variability of resultsand the SD, but the mean is largely unaffected

RANDOM ERROR

Series of values on the control chart that continue to increase or decrease for at least a period of six (6)consecutive days

TREND

Method used to validate a particular measurement process

PROFICIENCY TESTING SURVEY

Specimens that have known concentration of an analyte for the test of interest.

PROFICIENCY SAMPLE

labs in a geographic region use the lots of QC specimen each day for their internal QC programs

REGIONAL QC PROGRAM

EACH SCORE

x bar=

MEAN

NUMBER OF VALUE

summation=

SUM ACROSS THE VALUE

Square of the standard deviation used to detect significant differences between groups of data and determine contributions of various factors to the total variation

VARIANCE, s²

Percentile expression of the mean that measure of the relative magnitude of variability

COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION

QUALITY CONTROL Associated Activities

ASSAY OF CONTROL SAMPLE, INSTRUMENT MAINTENANCE

Reported values do not fall along the line of slope when graphed which Reported lab results do not correspond to the correct value

ANALYTICAL BIAS

Types of Analytical Bias:

PROPORTIONAL, CONSTANT, COMBINED

Problem on Accuracy (Bias) =

SYSTEMATIC ERROR

Refers to laboratory analyses that are subject to imprecision

RANDOM ANALYTICAL VARIABILITY

Problem on Precision (CV) =

RANDOM ERROR

one method gives values that are higher (or lower) than those from the other by an amount that is proportional to the level of the measured variable.

PROPORTIONAL BIAS

persists consistently over time for a specific instrument, operator, or configuration

CONSTANT BIAS

one method gives values that are higher (or lower) than those from the other by an amount that is proportional to the level of the measured variable.

PROPORTIONAL BIAS

Random Analytical Variability types

PROPORTIONAL, CONSTANT

Displace the mean value on one direction (may be up or down), but do NOT affect the overall variability as shown by the SD value

SYSTEMATIC ERROR

TYPES OF SYSTEMATIC ERRORS:

TREND, SHIFT

DIVISIONS of QUALITY CONTROL

INTRALABORATORY, INTERLABORATORY

Q.C. procedures performed on a daily basis within individual laboratories

INTRALABORATORY

Performed on a less frequent basis (e.g. 3x a year) to compare performance b/w or among laboratories

INTERLABORATORY

a control value that goes beyond ±2SD

OUTLIER

seeks to identify, measure, and eliminate the large gaps of inefficiency in a process

SIX SIGMA

Provides a display of the differences b/w the observed values & the expected mean and used to monitor small shifts in the process mean.

CUMULATIVE SUM CHART

found in clinical Laboratories with microcomputer Q.C. programs

DECISION LIMIT CUSUM

Laboratory’s observed mean for material A (Y-axis) compared to the observed mean for material B (X-axis). Information about the nature of the SE can be obtained when two diff. control materials have been analyzed

YOUDEN PLOT, SCATTER DIAGRAM

Presents information in an efficient, graphical format. Accomplished with a simple listing of items

CHECK SHEET

Used to identify factors that have the greatest cumulative effect on the system

PARETO CHART

Used to associate multiple possible causes with a single effect

ISHIKAWA, FISH BONE DIAGRAM

Pictorial representations of a process and used in identifying where errors are likely to be found in the system

FLOW CHART

Provides a simple, graphical view of accumulated data, including its dispersion & central tendency and Ease of construction

HISTOGRAM

Uses a series of control rules for interpreting data - False rejection is kept low - Error detection is improved - Analyse samples of the control material by the analytical method to be evaluated (at least 20 days)

WESTGARD MULTIRULE CHART

COMPH Lesson 5

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dis 5

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Introduction

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