CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF URINE

98問 • 1年前

問題一覧

Refers to determination of the presence and or levels of the different analytes in urine associated with pathologic conditions

CHEMICAL EXAMINATION

Enumerate the three methods available in chemical examination of urine

REAGENT STRIP, MANUAL COLORIMETRIC, AUTOMATED

This is determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions which are secreted by the kidneys into ammonium ions hydrogen phosphate and weak organic acids

When hydrogen ions is increased what should be the level of ph urine

DECREASED

It is the identification of crystals and determination of unsatisfactory specimen

Abnormal crystals are usually found in what ph of urine

ACIDIC

What is the ph of first morning urine

5.0-6.0

What is the ph of random urine

4.5-8.0

This occurs after meals due to withdrawal of hydrogen ions for the purpose of a secretion of hydrochloric acid

ALKALINE TIDE

Asthma

ACIDIC URINE

Chronic obstructive pulmonary

ACIDIC URINE

Pyrexia

ACIDIC URINE

Methanol poisoning

ACIDIC URINE

Increase protein diet

ACIDIC URINE

Acid producing bacteria

ACIDIC URINE

Cranberry juice

ACIDIC URINE

Renal tubular acidosis

ALKALINE URINE

Hyperventilation

ALKALINE URINE

Urease producing bacteria

ALKALINE URINE

Vegetable and fruit diet

ALKALINE URINE

Old specimen

ALKALINE URINE

What is the ph of urine unpreserved specimen

9.0

Pyrexia is also known as

FEVER

Enumerate methods of ph determination of urine

LITMUS PAPER, NITRAZINE PAPER, LIQUID INDICATOR, REAGENT STRIP

What is the ph of methyl red liquid indicator

4.4

What is the ph of yellow liquid indicator

>6.2

This is the most indicative substance of renal disease

PROTEIN

Produces white foam when shaken

PROTEIN

The major serum protein found in urine

ALBUMIN

It is produced by the distal cumulated tubule and forms matrix of all types of casts

TAMM HORSFALL PROTEIN, UROMODULIN

What is the normal value of protein in urine

<10 MG/DL, <100 MG/24 HR

What is the normal value of protein according to henry

<150 MG/24 HR

What are the stages clinical proteinuria of protein

PRERENAL, RENAL, POSTRENAL

Refers to the increase of protein in urine about >30 MG/L or >300 MG/DL

CLINICAL PROTEINURIA

A stage of clinical proteinuria which is not an indicative of actual renal disease and not detected by reagent strip. This character is by an increase in low molecular weight proteins which are readily filtered out from the circulation by the glomerulus

PRERENAL, OVERFLOW

In overflow proteinuria intravascular hemolysis what substance is increased

HEMOGLOBIN

In overflow proteinuria muscle injury what's substance is increased

MYOGLOBIN

In overclock proteinuria severe infection and inflammation what substance is increased

ACUTE PHASE REACTANT

In overflow proteinuria multiple myeloma what substance is increased

BENCE JONES PROTEIN

An abnormal protein excreted by patients with multiple myeloma

BENCE JONES PROTEIN

Bence jones protein precipitates at what temperature

40-60

Bence jones protein dissolves at what temperature

100

Not all patients with multiple myeloma will excrete detectable levels of benz jones protein however these are several methods to confirm and multiple myeloma

SERUM ELECTROPHORESIS, IMMUNO ELECTROPHORESIS

A stage of clinical proteinuria which is an indicative of true renal disease

RENAL

This is the most common type of proteinuria which occurs in primarily glomerular diseases and seen in glomerulonephritis amyloidosis exposure toxic substances sle and hypertension

GLOMERULAR PROTEINURIA

It is under the renal clinical proteinuria which involves tubular reabsorption dysfunction and seen in exposure to toxic substance or heavy metals severe viral infection falcony syndrome pyelonephritis and acute tubular necrosis

TUBULAR PROTEINURIA

A part of the renal clinical proteinuria stage which is not detected by routine reagent strip and it is associated with diabetic nephropathy and increase risk of cardiovascular disease

MICROALBUMINURIA

What is the normal albumin excretion rate

0-20 UG/MIN

What is the normal microalbuminuria rate

20-200 UG/MIN, 30-300 MG ALBUMIN/24 HR

What is the significant value of clinical albuminuria

>300 UG/MIN

This is under renal clinical proteinuria which is an proteinuria that is due to the standing or position due to high levels of pressure in renal vein

PROSTATIC, CADET

Test for renal proteinuria which employs the antibody enzyme conjugate that binds albumin reagents are the gold labeled antibody, beta galactoselidase, chlorophenol galactosidase. Deeping time is 5 seconds and reading time is 1 minute

MICRAL TEST

What is the principle of micral test

ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY

What is the sensitivity of micral test

0-10 MG/DL

This is sensitive albumin test related to creatinine concentration to correct for patient hydration

MICROALBUMIN STRIP, MULTISTIX PRO

What is the sensitivity value of microalbumin strip for albumin

10-150 MG/L

What is the sensitivity value for microalbumin of creatinine

10-300 MG/DL, 0.9-26.5 MMOL/L

This is the stage of clinical proteinuria which is protein is added to urine as it passes through the lower urinary tract and prone to contamination during menstruation or prostatic or vaginal secretion

POST RENAL, AFTER

This is the reference method for the test for albumin which urine is coagulated by heat

HEAT AND ACETIC ACID

Result of heat and acetic acid which diffuse cloudiness

Result of heat and acetic acid which is granular and cloudy

Result of heat and acetic acid which is distinct flocculate

Result of feet and acetic acid which is large flooculate dense and something solid

A test which most proteins are precipitated when diluted which is not specific to albumin

SULFOSALICYLIC ACID, OLD PROTEIN PRECIPITATION

Grade for ssa which no increase in turbidity indicating protein range of <6

NEGATIVE

Grade for ssa which has noticeable turbidity when a protein range of 6-30

TRACE

Grade for ssa which has distinct turbidity with no granulation and a protein range of 30-100

Grade for ssa which has turbidity with granulation but no floculation and protein range of 100 to 200

Grade for ssa which has turbidity with granulation and proculation and protein range of 200-400

Grade for ssa it's as a clumps of protein with above 400 protein

Causes what in ssa Radiographic dye

FALSE POSITIVE

Causes what in ssa Tolbutamide metabolites

FALSE POSITIVE

Causes what in ssa Antibiotics

FALSE POSITIVE

Causes what in ss Highly alkaline urine

FALSE NEGATIVE

Causes what in ssa Very dilute sample

FALSE NEGATIVE

This test detects only albumin

REAGENT STRIP

Positive in ssa and reagents trip indicates the presence of

ALBUMIN

Positive in ssa but negative in reagent strip indicates of the presence of

PROTEIN OTHER THAN ALBUMIN

This refers to the presence of any sugar in urine

MELLITURIA

This refers to the presence of any reducing sugar in urine

GLYCOSURIA

This refers to the presence of glucose in urine

GLUCOSURIA

This is the most frequently tested in urine

GLUCOSE

What is the renal threshold glucose

160-180 MG/DL

What is the normal range of glucose in urine

15 MG/DL

The normal fasting glucose range in urine

2-20 MG/DL PER 100 ML URINE

What are the clinical significance of urine glucose

HYPERGLYCEMIA ASSOCIATED, ASSOCIATED

Blood glucose is increased as well as the urine glucose shows what clinical significance of urine glucose

HYPERGLYCEMIA ASSOCIATED

Normal blood glucose but increase urine glucose shows what clinical significance of urine glucose

RENAL ASSOCIATED

Diabetes mellitus due to insulin

HYPERGLYCEMIA ASSOCIATED

Cushing syndromes due to increase cortisol

HYPERGLYCEMIA ASSOCIATED

Pheochromocytoma or presence of tumor

HYPERGLYCEMIA ASSOCIATED

Acromegaly due to increase growth hormone

HYPERGLYCEMIA ASSOCIATED

Hyperthyroidism which increase t3 and t4

HYPERGLYCEMIA ASSOCIATED

Impaired tubular reabsorption of glucose

RENAL ASSOCIATED

Fanconis syndrome which is done ability to absorb glucose and amino acids

RENAL ASSOCIATED

Nephrotic syndrome which increases fat and cholesterol

RENAL ASSOCIATED

Osteomalacia

RENAL ASSOCIATED

Pregnancy

RENAL ASSOCIATED

COMPH Lesson 5

Jef Marc Valencia · 73問 · 2年前

COMPH Lesson 5