Electrochem

62問 • 2年前

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current/voltage that are generated by a specific ion

ELECTROCHEMISTRY

measurement of differences in voltage at a constant current. The unknown voltage introduced into the potentiometric circuit opposes the unknown reference voltage

POTENTIOMETRY

relationship between measured voltage and the sought for concentration

NERNST EQUATION

Reference electrodes for POTENTIOMETRY

CALOMEL, SILVER CHLORIDE

The use of potentiometery

pH, PARTIAL CO2 Test

An electrochemical transducer capable of responding to one given ion and Very sensitive and selective for the ion it measures

ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODE

Measures differences in current at a constant voltage.

POLAROGRAPHY

POLAROGRAPHY measures

TRACE METAL, OXYGEN, VIT C, AMINO ACID

Relationship between the difference in current and voltage

ILCOVIC EQUATION

Measurement of amount of electricity (in coulombs) at a fixed potential that is Based on measuring the number of electrons that participate in a chemical reaction

COULOMETRY

COULOMETRY is also known as

ELECTROCHEMICAL TITRATION

Relationship of coulombs consumed with the concentration

FARADAY'S LAW

Measurement of the current flow between two non-polarizable electrodes between which a known electrical potential is established

CONDUCTOMETRY

FARADAY'S LAW Used in CC

CHLORIDE TEST, CSF, SERUM, SWEAT

FARADAY'S Law interferes with

BROMIDE, CYANIDE, CYSTEINE

AMPEROMETRY Used in Cc

PARTIAL OXYGEN, GLUCOSE, CHLORIDE, PEROXIDASE DETERMINATION

Migration of charged solutes or particles in a supporting medium under the influence of an electric field

ELECTROPHORESIS

The acidic and basic amino acids determine the net charge on a protein

ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY

BUFFER OF ELECTROPHORESIS

8.6 pH

Mitigation of small ions or molecules

IONTOPHORESIS

Migration of large macromolecules in a porous medium

ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS

Separates by molecular size

CELLULOSE ACETATE

Separated ion by electrical charge that does not bind protein

AGAROSE GEL

Separates on the basis of charge and molecular size and separates protein into 20 fraction that are used to study isoenzyme

POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL

A display of protein zone that sharply separated from the neighboring zones on the support material

ELECTROPHORETOGRAM

Takes a positive charge (binds protons) at an acidic pH and migrates toward the cathode

AMPHOLYTE

In a more alkaline solution, the ampholyte takes on a negative charge and migrates toward the _

ANODE

In an acid solution, an ampholyte receives protons and thereby carries a net (+) charge and migrates towards the

CATHODE

FIVE COMPONENTS OF ELECTROPHORESIS

POWER SUPPLY, SUPPORT MEDIUM, BUFFER, SAMPLE, DETECTOR

TYPES OF ELECTROPHORESIS that Separation takes place between 12-24 hour and Considered economical and easy to use

PAPER ELECTROPHORESIS

TYPES OF ELECTROPHORESIS that Separation is brought about through “molecular sieving technique”Uses gelatinous material

GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

TYPES OF PAPER ELECTROPHORESIS

HORIZONTAL PAPER, VERTICAL PAPER

Support Media that greater resolution, faster and permanent

CELLULOSE ACETATE

Support Media that is Dry brittle film composed of about 80% air space can be stored for long period of time. When soaked in water, air spaces fill with electrolytes

CELLULOSE ACETATE

Support media that Requires small amount of sample and Easy, fast method of choice for the DNA separation. Dissolved in boiling water then hardens to become a ge|

AGAROSE GEL

Support media Involves separation of proteins on the basis of charge and molecular size and Contains layer of gel with different pore size. It is Widely used for the study of individual proteins

POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL

Support Media that Involves separation of proteins similar to polyacrylamide gel Not widely used because of technical difficulty in preparing the gel

STARCH GEL

2 TYPES OF ELECTROPHORESIS GEL APPARATUS

HORIZONTAL, VERTICAL

TYPES OF ELECTROPHORESIS GEL APPARATUS Gel thickness is limited Only one gel per apparatus

HORIZONTAL

TYPES OF ELECTROPHORESIS GEL APPARATUS Easily adopts different techniques Safer to use

HORIZONTAL

TYPES OF ELECTROPHORESIS GEL APPARATUS Different gel techniques More than one gel per apparatus

VERTICAL

TYPES OF ELECTROPHORESIS GEL APPARATUS Maybe unsafe to use

VERTICAL

Different types of STAINS

PROTEIN, ISOENZYME, LIPOPROTEIN

Isoenzyme Stain

NITROTETRAZOLEUM BLUE

Lipoprotein Stain

FAT RED 7B, OIL RED O, SUDAN BLACK B

Method in which proteins are separated on the basis of their isoelectric pH

ELECTROPHORETIC

the number of acidic groups exceeds number of basic groups, the isoelectric pH of the protein will be at low pH what type protein

ACIDIC

If the basic group > acidic group, isoelectric pH will be high What kind of protein

BASIC

Mixtures of molecules containing multiple aliphatic amino & carboxylate groups (buffer molecules). Included directly in IEF gels

CARRIER AMPHOLYTE

Derivatives of Acrylamide containing both reactive double bonds & buffering groups. Covalently incorporated in Polyacrylamide gel (PAG)at the time of casting

ACRYLAMIDE BUFFER

Large pore convective matrices with an initiator system including Riboflavin

POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL

Introduction of the 1st automated analyzer By Year

TECHNICON, 1957

First autoanalyzer with Sequential batch analyzer capable of providing single test result on approx. 40 samples / hour

CONTINOUS FLOW

autoanalyzer Technicon instruments w/c were next developed With multiple channels (for diff. tests) and performed 6-12 test results simultaneously at the rate of 360 –720 tests per hour

SIMULTANEOUS MULTIPLE ANALYZER

Specialty area w/ rapidly developing arsenal of analyzers for assaying drugs, specific proteins, tumor markers & hormones

IMMUNOCHEMISTRY

Uses the force to transfer & then contain liquids in separate cuvets for measurement and Capable of running multiple samples, one test at a time, in a batch

CENTRIFUGAL ANALYSIS

Most popular & versatile Separation of each sample & accompanying reagents in a separate container capable of running multiple tests one sample at a time OR multiple samples one test at a time Random access, stat capabilities

DISCRETE ANALYSIS

only analyzers offer random access or stat capabilities)

DISCRETE ANALYZER

Phase in CHROMATOGRAPHY where coated or uncoated

SOLID SUPPORT

Phase in CHROMATOGRAPHY where flowing gas or liquid

MOBILE

GENERAL TYPES of CHROMATOGRAPHY molecules separated are adsorbed at the surface of a solid support or flow with the mobile phase

ADSORPTION

GENERAL TYPES of CHROMATOGRAPHY solid support is coated with a film of water or non-volatile organic liquid

PARTITION

COMPH Lesson 5

Jef Marc Valencia · 73問 · 2年前

COMPH Lesson 5