BASIC IMMUNOLOGICAL PROCEDURES

98問 • 1年前

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Initial force of attraction that exist between singe Fab site (paratope) and a single epitope on the corresponding antigen

AFFINITY

Sum of all attractive forces between an Ag and Ab

AVIDITY

Dictates the overall stability of the Ag-Ab complex

AVIDITY

Types of Affinity occur between oppositely charged particles

IONIC BOND

Type of affinity involve an attraction between polar molecules that have a slight charge separation and in which the positive charge resides on a hydrogen atom

HYDROGEN BOND

Type of affinity occur between nonpolar molecules that associate with one another and exclude molecules of water as they do so

HYDROPHOBIC BOND

Type of affinity occur because of the interaction between the electron clouds of oscillating dipoles

VAN DER WAALS FORCE

Antibody

PRECIPITIN

Soluble antigen

PRECIPITINOGEN

Insoluble complexes formed by the union of the two aforementioned

PRECIPITATE

Fine Natural clumping. Fleecy, white/ coudy

FLOCCULATION

Much better precipitating ab

IGG

Much better agglutinating ab

IGM

Non-precipitating immunoglobulin

IGE

Precipitation sequence of immunoglobulin

GMA

Involves combining soluble antigen with soluble antibody to produce insoluble complexes that are visible

PRECIPITATION

Precipitation is first noted on what year by

1897, KRAUS

Define as all antigen antibody binding is reversible and free reactants are in equilibrium with bound reactants

LAW OF MASS ACTION

Excess antibody in the precipitation curve

PROZONE

Excess antigen in the precipitation curve

POSTZONE

Area wearing maximum precipitation will occur because agna be concentration have an optimum ratio

ZONE OF EQUIVALENCE

Prozone and postzone may lead to

FALSE NEGATIVE

Prozone phenomenon remedy

SERUM DILUTION

Post zone phenomenon remedy

REPEAT TEST AFTER 1 WEEK

Factors affecting precipitation

PH, TEMPERATURE, LENGTH OF INCUBATION

Optimum ph for precipitation

6.5-7.5

Incubation time range for precipitation

15-60 MIN

Immunoassay are based on the principles of

AGGLUTINATION, PRECIPITATION

What is the best precipitin immunoglobulin

IGG

What is the ideal temperature of precipitation

37C

What are the different types of precipitation

FLUID MEDIUM, PASSIVE IMMUNODIFFUSION, ELECTROPHORETIC TECHNIQUE

What is being measured in turbidimetry

TURBIDITY, CLOUDINESS

This measures the reduction in light intensity due to reflection absorption or scatter

TURBIDIMETRY

This measures the light that is scattered at a particular angle from the incident beam as it passes through a suspension

NEPHELOMETRY

In the nephelometry, the amount of light scattered is an _ of the solutions concentration

INDEX

This method, the amount of light in a solution can be read in one angle.

TURBIDIMETRY

This method, the amount of light is read in many different angle

NEPHELOMETRY

The precipitation of antigen and antibody combination which requires time as there is no electric current is used to speed up the reaction.

PASSIVE IMMUNODIFFUSION

What are the factors affecting the rate of diffusion

SIZE OF PARTICLE, TEMPERATURE, GEL VISCOSITY, AMOUNT OF HYDRATION

What should be hydration status of the agar for precipitation

MOIST

What are the different precipitation in gel medium

SINGLE DIFFUSION, DOUBLE DIFFUSION, SINGLE DIMENSION, DOUBLE DIMENSION

Precipitation in gel medium which either ag or ab is moving

SINGLE DIFFUSION

Precipitation angel medium which both ag and ab are moving through the medium

DOUBLE DIFFUSION

Precipitation in gel medium which ag or ab migrates up and down and it requires what laboratory apparatus

SINGLE DIMENSION, TEST TUBE

Precipitation angel medium which ag or ab diffuse radially and it requires what laboratory apparatus

DOUBLE DIMENSION, PETRI DISH

Ab is uniformly distributed in a support gel and ag is applied to a well cut into a gel

RADIAL IMMUNODIFFUSION

What is the unknown in a radial immunodiffusion

MOBILE

What is important when it comes to studying immunodiffusion

MOBILE, STATIONARY

What are the two types of radial immunodiffusion

OUDIN, MACINI FAHEY AND MACKELVEY

What is the movement in OUDIN radial immunodiffusion

SINGLE DIFFUSION, SINGLE DIMENSION

What is the movement in masini Fahey and mackelvey radial immunodiffusion

SINGLE DIFFUSION, DOUBLE DIMENSION

What is product form in OUDIN radial immunodiffusion

PRECIPITIN BAND

Ab is mix with_in OUDIN radial immunodiffusion

AGAROSE

What is mobile in OUDIN radial immunodiffusion

What is formed in OUDIN radial immunodiffusion

INSOLUBLE AGAB COMPLEX

Ab is mixed with_in MASINI, FAHEY MACKELVEY radial immunodiffusion

LIQUID AGAR

Ag is loaded _in MASINI, FAHEY MACKELVEY radial immunodiffusion

WELL

What is formed in MASINI, FAHEY MACKELVEY radial immunodiffusion

RING PRECIPITATE

What are the two types of MASINI, FAHEY MACKELVEY radial immunodiffusion

MACINI ENDPOINT, FAHEY AND MACKELVEY KINETIC

This you would have to wait for the complete reaction of the antigen that may happen 24 to 72 hours

ENDPOINT

This you would have to read the result before complete reaction happen and it usually takes between 24 to 72 hours

KINETIC

In endpoint method the diameter of the ring is equal to

AG CONCENTRATION

In kinetic method the diameter of the ring is equal to

LOGARITHM AG CONCENTRATION

The main purpose is to compare two antigens primarily fungal

OUCHTERLONY DOUBLE DIFFUSION

What is the movement in Ouchterlony

DOUBLE DIFFUSION, DOUBLE DIMENSION

Product Formed: Interpret:

SMOOTH PRECIPITIN CURVE, IDENTICAL

Product Formed: Interpret:

CROSSED LINE, NON IDENTICAL

Product Formed: Interpret:

SPUR FORMATION, PARTIALLY IDENTICAL

This method diffuse both a g and ab independently through a semi solid medium in two dimension and it requires incubation until lines are precipitated

OUCHTERLONY

What concept is followed in electrophoretic technique which simply means opposite attracts

IONIC BOND

Negatively charged particles migrate to

ANODE

Positively charged particles migrate to the

CATHODE

Technique in which molecules with a net charge are separated when an electric field is applied

ELECTROPHORESIS

Antigens and antibodies are made up of

PROTEIN

Enumerate the factors that may influence the rate of protein migration

SIZE AND SHAPE OF PROTEIN, AMOUNT OF SOLVATION, VISCOSITY OF BUFFER, PH OF BUFFER, TEMPERATURE, ENDO OSMOSIS

What is the ph of buffer in electrophoresis

What is the viscosity of the buffer in electrophoresis

NOT VISCOUS

What is the required temperature of electrophoresis

ROOM TEMPERATURE

A factor in protein migration which the flow of ions goes toward the cathode and can impede the movement of proteins toward the anode

ENDO OSMOSIS

Rocket immunoelectrophoresis is discovered by who and what year

LAURELL, 1960

It is a technique which ag is pushed through ab containing gel under the influence of an applied electric field

ROCKET IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS

what is the product form in rocket immuno electrophoresis

ROCKET SHAPED BAND

This is where we place the antigen in the rocket immuno electrophoresis

ANTIGEN WELL

The height of the rocket is indirectly proportional to the amount of antigen introduced true or false

FALSE

A method in electrophoresis in which single reactant is moving in two dimensions

CROSS IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS, RESSLER'S METHOD

How many times of electrophoretic method is used in cross immunoelectrophoresis

This method of electrophoresis ag and ab are added to separate parallel wells cut out in an agar gel and when an electric field is applied Ag-anode Ab-cathode Forming PRECIPITIN line

COUNTER IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS, COUNTERCURRENT ELECTROPHORESIS, VOLTAGE FACILITATED DOUBLE IMMUNODIFFUSION

In voltage facilitated double immunodiffusion, double reactants are moving in

SINGLE DIMENSION

Counter Immunoelectrophoresis is used to determine_in fluid

BACTERIA, FUNGI, VIRUS

Used to differentiate the immunoglobulin class identify abnormal proteins myeloma proteins and monitor purity of pharmaceutical products

CLASSIC IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS, GRABAR AND WILLIAMS

What is being asked in classic immuno electrophoresis

RESULT

The fastest protein that may migrate to the anode in classic immunoelectrophoresis

Y GLOBULIN

The slowest protein that may migrate to the cathode in classic immunoelectrophoresis

ALBUMIN

Protein that has the greatest concentration in the human body

ALBUMIN

What is increase in multiple myeloma patients

LIGHT CHAIN

What is form when light change abnormally spike in multiple myeloma patient

BENCE JONES PROTEIN

Gamma globulin is also known as

IMMUNOGLOBULIN

What disease indicating a mark decrease in cathode of classic immunoelectrophoresis

IMMUNOGLOBULIN DEFICIENCY

COMPH Lesson 5

Jef Marc Valencia · 73問 · 2年前

COMPH Lesson 5