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1
What are the things that are examined in urine physical examination
VOLUME, COLOR, CLARITY, TURBIDITY, ODOR, SPECIFIC GRAVITY
2
Disease which the kidneys excrete increased amounts of water to remove the dissolved glucose
DIABETES MELLITUS
3
Disease in which the water needed for adequate body hydration is not reabsorbed
DIABETES INSIPIDUS
4
What hormone is the problem when there is a diabetes mellitus
INSULIN
5
What hormone is the problem when there is a diabetes insipidus
ANTI DIURETIC HORMONE
6
In DM, Sp. Gravity is
INCREASED
7
In DI, Sp. Gravity is
DECREASED
8
Sp. Gravity is expected to be__ in darker urine color
INCREASED
9
This correlates w/ specific gravity during urine physical examination
URINE COLOR
10
Examination of specimen urine color is through under ___looking down through the container against a________
GOOD LIGHT SOURCE, WHITE BACKGROUND
11
Enumerate the normal urine colors
STRAW, PALE YELLOW, LIGHT YELLOW, YELLOW, DARK YELLOW, AMBER
12
These are responsible for the urine color
UROCHROME, UROERYTHRIN, UROBILIN
13
This is the major pigment or urine color which imparted as yellow
UROCHROME
14
A pigment of urine color which production is directly proportional to metabolic rate and excreted at a constant rate as a product of endogenous metabolism
UROCHROME
15
Urochrome pigment in urine may increased in what conditions
THYROTOXICOSIS, FEVER, FASTING
16
This pigment in urine may deposit in amorphous urates and uric acid crystals that imparts pink color in urine
UROERYTHRIN
17
What color do urobilin imparts when urine is not fresh
ORANGE BROWN
18
This is the oxidation product of urobilinogen which imparts dark yellow to orange color in urine
UROBILIN
19
What is the cause of colourless urine
RECENT FLUID CONSUMPTION
20
What is the cause of pale yellow urine
POLYURIA, DILUTE RANDOM SPECIMEN
21
What is the cause of dark yellow urine
CONCENTRATED SPECIMEN, STRENUOUS EXERCISE, FIRST MORNING SPECIMEN, CAROTENE
22
What is the cause of amber urine
DEHYDRATION, FEVER, BURN
23
What is the cause of orange urine w/ yellow foam
BILIRUBIN
24
This drug causes viscous urine w/ orange foam
PHENAZOPYRIDIN
25
This drugs causes orange colored urine
ACRIFLAVIN, NITROFURANTOIN, PHENINDIONE
26
This causes yellow green urine
BILIVERDIN
27
This causes yellow brown urine
BILIRUBIN
28
This drug causes orange w/ green fluorescent urine
ACRIFLAVIN
29
This causes green urine
PSEUDOMONAS INFECTION
30
This drugs causes blue green urine
AMITRIPTYLINE, METHOCARBAMOL, CLOET, METHYLENE BLUE, PHENOL, CHLOROPHYLL
31
This causes pink or red urine
BEET, MENSTRUAL CONTAMINATION, RIFAMPIN
32
This causes Burgundy or purplish red in urine
PORPHYRIN
33
This causes brown black color in acidic urine
METHEMOGLOBIN
34
Pink red urine maybe caused by a condition ____which refers to as muscle disintegration
RHABDOMYOLYSIS
35
This is a condition which the urine becomes pink or red with a cloudy or smoky clarity due to the presence of rbcs
HEMATURIA
36
A condition which results from the in vivo breakdown of RBCs causingh red plasma after centrifugation
HEMOGLOBINURIA
37
A condition in which resulting from breakdown of skeletal muscles causing clear plasma after urine centrifugation
MYOGLOBINURIA
38
What should be the turbidity of a red pink urine that needs centrifugation for accurate reading
CLEAR
39
A treatment for Parkinson's disease drug causes cola colored urine
LEVODOPA
40
Drug for treating giardiasis that causes yellow color urine
MEPACRINE
41
An anti hypertensive drug that causes green brown color urine
METHYLDOPA
42
An antibiotic drugs that causes reddish brown colored urine
METRONIDAZOLE
43
An analgesic drug for UTI which causes orange red color urine
PHENAZOPYRIDINE
44
An antibiotic drug that causes Bright orange red urine
RIFAMPIN
45
A drug that causes Bright yellow colored urine
RIBOFLAVIN
46
This refers to the transparency or turbidity of a urine specimen
URINE CLARITY
47
Urine clarity is evaluated by visually examining a mixed specimen in a ____while holding it in front of a _____ and viewed through a ________
CLEAR CONTAINER, LIGHT SOURCE, NEWSPAPER PRINT
48
Determine the clarity No visible particulates and transparent
CLEAR
49
Determine the clarity Few particulates, newsprint easily seen through urine
HAZY, SLIGHTLY CLOUDY
50
Determine the clarity Many particulates, newsprint is blurred through urine
CLOUDY
51
Determine the clarity Newsprint cannot be seen
TURBID
52
This urine clarity may precipitate or clot
MILKY
53
What are the causes of urine turbidity
PATHOLOGIC, NONPATHOLOGIC
54
A non pathologic cause of urine turbidity that is c'mon for females
SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELL
55
Amorphous urates and phosphates
NONPATHOLOGIC
56
Vaginal cream
NONPATHOLOGIC
57
Semen
NONPATHOLOGIC
58
Fecal contamination
NONPATHOLOGIC
59
Radiographic Contrast Media
NONPATHOLOGIC
60
Talcum Powder
NONPATHOLOGIC
61
RBC and WBC
PATHOLOGIC
62
Bacteria w/ uniform turbidity not cleared by acidification or filtration
PATHOLOGIC
63
Yeasts that may imparts presence of glucose
PATHOLOGIC
64
Non squamous epithelial cell
PATHOLOGIC
65
Abnormal crystals
PATHOLOGIC
66
Lymph fluids and lipids
PATHOLOGIC
67
This refers to the presence of lymph fluid in urine
CHYLURIA
68
What is the normal urine odor
AROMATIC
69
Lack of odor in urine is caused by
ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS
70
Bacteria and UTI may cause urine odor to be
FOUL, AMMONIA LIKE
71
Ketones, DM, fasting and vomiting may cause the urine odor to be
FRUITY, SWEETISH
72
Ingestion of asparagus, garlic, eggs and onions may cause urine odor to be
MERCAPTAN, PUNGENT
73
Recto vesical fistula may caused urine odor to be
FECALOID
74
Urine contamination may caused the odor to be
BLEACH
75
Maple syrup urine odor is caused by what disease
MAPLE SYRUP URINE DISEASE
76
This causes urine to be mousy in odor
PHENYLKETONURIA
77
Also known as fish odor syndrome which causes urine odor to be like rotting fish
TRIMETHYLAMINURIA
78
It is also seen in liver diseases which causes urine to be rancid odor
TYROSINEMIA
79
Methione malabsorption may causes urine odor to be like
CABBAGE, HOP
80
This causes urine to be sweaty feet odor
ISOVALERIC, GLUTARIC ACIDEMIA
81
A condition which is also prone to renal stones that may caused urine to sulfur or rotten egg odor
CYSTINE DISORDER
82
It is used to evaluate the kidneys ability to selectively reabsorb essential substances and water from the filtrate. It also detects possible dehydration or abnormalities in ADH
URINE SPECIFIC GRAVITY
83
What is the normal urine Specific Gravity
1.003-1.035
84
What specific gravity is not a urine except for DI conditions
<1.003
85
What is the specific gravity of urine undergoing Radiographic contrast media
>1.040
86
What is the specific gravity of Isosthenuria which is c'monly seen in renal dysfunction
=1.010
87
What is the specific gravity of Hypostenuria which is c'mon in Polyuria conditions
<1.010
88
What is the specific gravity of Hyperstenuria which is c'mon in Oliguria
>1.010
89
What are 2 methods to determine urine Specific gravity
DIRECT, INDIRECT
90
What are direct methods in determination of specific gravity
URINOMETRY, HYDROMETRY, HARMONIC OSCILLATION DENSITOMETRY
91
It is less accurate than the other methods of specific gravity determination which is not advisable by the CLSI
URINOMETRY, HYDROMETRY
92
How many ml of urine needed for urinometry
10-15
93
Calibration reagent and reading of urinometry
POTASSIUM SULFATE, 1.015
94
What is the calibration temperature of Specific gravity determination
20
95
What is the necessary correction if specimen is below the calibration temp
-0.001 EVERY 3C
96
What is the necessary correction if specimen is above the calibration temp
+0.001 EVERY 3C
97
What is the necessary correction if specimen has glucose
-0.004 EVERY 1G/DL
98
What is the necessary correction if specimen has Protein
-0.003 EVERY 1G/DL
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