Introduction

58問 • 1年前

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The study of the molecules, cells, organs, and systems responsible for the recognition and disposal of foreign (nonself) materials

IMMUNOLOGY

Considered as foreign substances a.k.a Antigens

NONSELF

The body can’t discriminate self from non-self.

AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE

Diagnostic examination of blood serum and other body fluids with regards to the response of the immune system to pathogens.

SEROLOGY

Condition of being resistant to infection

IMMUNITY

the phenomenon in which exposure to one infectious agent produces protection against another agent

CROSS IMMUNITY

Substance that stimulates antibody formation and has the ability to bind to an antibody

ANTIGEN

Does not have the ability to induce immune response

ANTIGEN

Any substance capable of inducing an immune response

IMMUNOGEN

does not have the capability of inducing an immune response

ANTIGEN

A substance specifically binds to antibodies or a cell surface receptors of B cells and T cells

ANTIGEN

Normally proteins and large polysaccharides

IMMUNOGEN

are large polysaccharides are considered the most powerful immunogens

PROTEIN

are considered weak immunogens

LIPID, NUCLEIC ACID

A low molecular weight, nonantigenic substance that, when combined with an antigen, changes the antigenic specificity of that antigen

HAPTEN

The leaves of poison ivy contain

PENTADECYLCATECHOL

A glycoprotein substance (immunoglobin) that is produced by B lymphocytes in response to an antigen

ANTIBODY

where types of immunoglobulins differ from one another

VARIABLE REGION

produced by the body’s immune system against “self” antigens

AUTOANTIBODY

formed in response to antigens from individuals of the same species

ALLOANTIBODY

part of an antigen that reacts specifically with an antibody or T-cell receptor

EPITOPE

the clumping of particulate antigens by antibodies specific for the antigens.?

AGGLUTINATION

the tendency that an epitope has for combining with the antigen-binding site on an antibody molecule. Strength of a single antibody-antigen interaction

AFFINITY

strength of the bond between the antigen and the antibody. Strength of all interactions combined

AVIDITY

smallest amount of antigen or antibody that can be detected.

SENSITIVITY

ability of an antibody to bind to an antigen with complementary determinants and not to a antigen with dissimilar determinants.

SPECIFICITY

a highly sensitive and specific test used in laboratories

RADIOIMMUNOASSAY

group of proteins synthesized in mononuclear phagocytes, hepatocytes, fibroblasts, and some endothelial cells.

COMPLEMENT

a small peptide formed during complement activation that causes increased vascular permeability, contraction of smooth muscle, and release of histamine from basophils and mast cells.

ANAPHYLATOXIN

a life-threatening response to an allergen characterized by the systematic release of histamine

ANAPHYLAXIS

meaning “exempt,” is the source of the English word immunity, meaning the state of protection from infectious disease.

IMMUNIS

mentioned that the great plaque that swept through Athens and how those who survived it, including himself, could tend to the sick without worrying about catching it again.

THUCYDIDES

Chinese developed a practice of inhaling powder made from smallpox scabs in order to produce protection against this dreaded disease. • If a healthy individual was exposed as a child or young adult, the effects of the disease will be minimized.

VARIOLATION

practice of deliberately exposing an individual to material from smallpox lesions.?

VARIOLATION

discovered a remarkable relationship between exposure to cowpox and immunity to smallpox.

EDWARD JENNER

the Latin word for “cow”) - procedure of injecting cellular material.

VACCINATION

to make a pathogen less virulent through heat, aging or chemical means.

ATTENUATION

Discovered Antihistamines

DANIEL BOVET

He made an experiment, wherein he collected the spinal cords of the patients that died because of rabies. He dried the spinal cords and injected it to his patients. After 12 injections, the patients were protected against rabies.

LOUIS PASTEUR

identified Anthrax and created the Koch's postulate

ROBERT KOCH

proposed the antibody formation theory and developed a series of tissue staining dyes including …purple bacillus

PAUL EHRLICH

proposed the cellular theory of immunity, cell-eating and phagocytosis

ELLIE METCHNIKOFF

the most common Ig used for creating reagent antibody.

lgG

It is the predominant immunoglobulin in secretions such as tears, saliva, sweat, breast milk, and respiratory tract, genital, and intestinal secretions

lgA

exists as a monomer, and its function is unknown.

lgD

binds to crystallizable fragment (Fc) receptors on mast cells and basophils and is elevated during parasitic infections and Type I allergic reaction

lgE

is the predominant immunoglobulin in the adult. s. It is also the only immunoglobulin that crosses the placental barrier, thus transferring immunity from mother to infant.

lgG

is the largest of the immunoglobulins, existing as a pentamer. It is the first immunoglobulin to be produced after exposure to an antigen

lgM

Father of Immunology.

LOUIS PASTEUR

Phagocytosis

HAECKEL

Live, attenuated chicken cholera and anthrax vaccines

LOUIS PASTEUR

Therapeutic vaccination; First report of live "attenuated" vaccine for rabies

LOUIS PASTEUR

Humoral theory of immunity proposed

VON BEHRING KITASATA

Demonstration of cutaneous hypersensitivity

ROBERT KOCH

Development of polio vaccine

SALK, SABIN

Hypothesis of antigen- antibody binding

MARRACK

Produced as different classes of immunoglobulins by many B-cell clones in response to an antigen

POLYCLONAL ANTIBODY

Antibodies produced in response to antigens from another species

HETEROANTIBODY

COMPH Lesson 5

Jef Marc Valencia · 73問 · 2年前

COMPH Lesson 5