TRANSCRIPTION

Jef Marc Valencia · 73問 · 2年前

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THE PROCESS BY WHICH AN RNA SEQUENCE IS FORMED FROM A DNA TEMPLATE.

TRANSCRIPTION

TRANSCRIPTION SEQUENCE

DNA, RNA, CHON SYNTHESIS

UNLIKE IN IN REPLICATION, TRANSCRIPTION HAPPENS ON

ONE STRAND

MAJOR STEPS TRANSCRIPTION

INITIATION, ELONGATION, TERMINATION

THE TRANSCRIPTION COMPLEMENTARY STRANDS:

TEMPLATE STRAND, CODING STRAND

✓USED FOR RNA SYNTHESIS ✓A.K.A ANTISENSE STRAND

TEMPLATE STRAND

✓HAS THE SAME SEQUENCE AS THE RNA PRODUCED, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF ONE NITROGENOUS BASE PAIR. ✓NON-TEMPLATE STRAND

CODING STRAND

✓A.K.A SENSE STRAND

CODING STRAND

THE PRODUCT PRODUCED BY TRANSCRIPTION.

mRNA

ALL RNA CAN BE PRODUCED ON THE

DNA STRAND

WHETHER REPLICATION OR TRANSCRIPTION, THE DIRECTION IS ALWAYS

5-3

WHEN THE SYNTHESIS IS 5’ TO 3’, THE TEMPLATE STRAND IS

3-5

ENZYMES BINDS TO A PROMOTER SITE OF THE DNA.

RNA POLYMERASE II

RNA POLYMERASE PULLS A PORTION OF THE DNA STRANDS APART FROM EACH OTHER, EXPOSING

UNATTACHED DNA BASES

ONE OF THE TWO DNA STRANDS PROVIDES THE TEMPLATE FOR THE SEQUENCE OF THE mRNA NUCLEOTIDES Term as

ANTISENSE VS. SENSE

THE RNA IS SYNTHESIZED ONLY IN _DIRECTION.

5-3

RNA POLYMERASE MOVES IN _DIRECTION

3-5

ALONG THE DNA TEMPLATE STRAND WHILE ASSEMBLING THE mRNA STRAND FROM _

5-3

SEPARATE FROM THE TRANSCRIBED SINGLE mRNA STRAND.

DNA STRAND, RNA POLYMERASE

THE TRANSCRIPTION MECHANISM FINAL PRODUCT

PRIMARY TRANSCRIPT

APPLIED TO THE PRIMARY mRNA MOLECULE BEFORE IT LEAVES THE NUCLEUS.

POST TRANSCRIPTION MODIFICATION

RNA PRODUCTS ARE NOT NECESSARILY

FUNCTIONAL

POST-TRANSCRIPTION MODIFICATION EXAMPLES;

SPLICING, CAPPING, POLYADENYLATION

INTRONS IN THE PRECURSOR mRNA ARE EXCISED AND THE EXONS ARE SPLICED TOGETHER TO FORM A SHORTER MATURE mRNA.

SPLICING

5’ END OF RNA IS CAPPED BY THE ADDITION OF A METHYLATED GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE.

CAPPING

3’ END ACQUIRES A poly(A) TAIL THAT CONTAINS APPROX. 200 ADENINE RESIDUES.

POLYADENYLATION

CAPPING: 5’ END OF RNA IS CAPPED BY THE ADDITION OF

METHYLATED GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE

THE MAIN TRANSCRIPTION ENZYME

RNA POLYMERASE

RNA POLYMERASE BINDS TO A_NEAR THE BEGINNING OF A GENE

PROMOTER SEQUENCE

DNA UNWINDING FORMS

TRANSCRIPTION BUBBLE

THE SITE FROM WHICH THE FIRST RNA NUCLEOTIDE IS TRANSCRIBED IS CALLED

+1 SITE

RNA POLYMERASE BINDS TO THE PROMOTER REGION OF THE GENE OF INTEREST.

INITIATION

THE PROMOTER INDICATES WHERE TRANSCRIBING SHOULD BEGIN.

INITIATION

TRANSCRIPTION BUBBLE IS FORMED ➔ TRANSCRIPTION INITIATES.

INITIATION

INDICATES WHERE TRANSCRIBING SHOULD BEGIN

PROMOTER

STAGE WHERE THE RNA GETS LONGERS DUE TO NUCLEOTIDE SYNTHESIS.

ELONGATION

RNA POLYMERASE MOVES AT A 3’ TO 5’ DIRECTION ALONG THE TEMPLATE STRAND AND THE mRNA MOVES AT AN OPPOSITE DIRECTION.

ELONGATION

THE RNA TRANSCRIPT IS ALMOST AN IDENTICAL COPY OF THE SENSE CODING STRAND BUT T → U

ELONGATION

RNA POLYMERASE WILL KEEP TRANSCRIBING UNTIL IT RECEIVES AS SIGNAL OR MARKER TO HALT.

TERMINATION

THE SIGNAL: TERMINATOR—A SEQUENCE OF DNA.

TERMINATION

SEQUENCE OF DNA SIGNAL:

TERMINATOR

TERMINATION IN BACTERIA

Rho DEPENDENT VS. Rho INDEPENDENT

RNA HAS A BINDING SIDE FOR THE Rho CHON. Rho BINDS TO THE SITE AND WORKS ITS WAY UP THE TRANSCRIPT TO THE POLYMERASE IN THE TRANSCRIPTION BUBBLE. WHEN IT DOES, IT ‘UNZIPS’ THE RNA TRANSCRIPT FROM THE TEMPLATE DNA, ENDING THE TRANSCRIPTION

DEPENDENT

A SPECIFIC ENDING REGION IN C AND G NICLEOTIDES WILL TRIGGER THE RNA TRANSCRIPT TO FOLD ITSELF IN A ‘HAIRPIN’ FORMATION, ENDING THE TRANSCRIPTION.

INDEPENDENT

area of transcription, where the two strands separate

TRANSCRIPTION BUBBLE

Adenosine monophosphate is used; for stabilization against enzymatic breakdown

POLYADENYLATION

first synthesized nucleotide; succeeding nucleotides are negative; movement is downstream

INITIATION SITE

Typical bacterial initiation site start at _ because

10-35, ADENINE, THYMINE

help RNA polymerase to bind to promoter site

BASAL

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