Long Discussion ANALYTICAL METHODS &amp; INSTRUMENTATION

Jef Marc Valencia · 73問 · 2年前

通報

問題一覧

Travels as electromagnetic wave

RADIANT ENERGY, ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY

the proportion of wavelength and electromagnetic energy is _

INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL

TYPES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGIES

COSMIC RAY, GAMMA RAY, X-RAY, VISIBLE, ULTRA VIOLET, INFRARED, MICROWAVE

distance between two peaks as the light travels in a wavelike manne

WAVELENGTH

Visible-spectra Wavelength

340-700nm

Ultraviolet region WAVELENGTH

-340nm

Infrared region WAVELENGTH

+700nm

Non-visible spectra region

ULTRAVIOLET, INFRARED

Range region mostly used for toxicology study and determination

INFRARED

Visible spectra color of analytes letter only

R, O, Y, G, B, V

Chemical reaction produces a colored substance whose concentration is proportional to the analyte

COLORIMETRY

COLORIMETRY is based on the

QUALITY OF COLOR, INTENSITY OF COLOR

Kinds of Colorimetry

VISUAL, PHOTOELECTRIC

Kind of Colorimetry Relies on visual acuity to determine end-point

VISUAL

Kind of Colorimetry The greater the intensity of the color, the result will yield higher also

VISUAL

Kind of Colorimetry primary analytical utility of spectrophotometry or filter photometry is the isolation of discreet portion of spectrum for the purposes of measurement

PHOTOELECTRIC

Kinds of Photoelectric Colorimetry

SPECTROPHOTOMETRY, FILTER PHOTOMETRY

Photoelectric Colorimetry where it make use of prisms and/or diffraction gratings as monochromator to disperse the radiant energy into a continuous spectrum

SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

Photoelectric Colorimetry where it make useof filters (interference or transmission) to isolate part of the spectrum

FILTER PHOTOMETRY

The amount of light taken up by a solution proportional to the inverse log of transmittance

ABSORBANCE

Ratio of the radiant energy transmitted to the radiant energy incident on the sample

%TRANSMITTANCE

TRANSMITTANCE formula It = lo =

TRANSMITTED LIGHT TO SAMPLE, INTENSITY OF LIGHT STRIKING SAMPLE

LAW OF COLORIMETRY The concentration of the solution is directly proportional to the amount of light absorbed and inversely proportional to the logarithm of transmitted light

BEER'S LAW

LAW OF COLORIMETRY Absorbance is directly proportional to the length of light path

BOUGUER'S LAW, LAMBERT'S LAW

converts light to electrical energy that can be registered on a read-out device (will show a result of the analyte that are tested)

DETECTOR

isolates a region from the spectrum

MONOCHROMATOR

An Internal Component of Spectro that Provides electromagnetic radiation as visible, infrared or UV light

LIGHT SOURCE

Most commonly used light source

TUNGSTEN IODIDE LAMP

A light Source which Iodine used to prevent the decomposition on the vaporized tungsten from the hot filament of light

QUARTZ HALIDE LAMP

Absorbance is Mathematically derived from

%TRANSMITTANCE

is a relationship between the attenuation of light through a substance and the properties of that substance

BEER'S LAW

Beer's Law formula Where A= a= b= c=

ABSORBANCE, MOLAR ABSORPTIVITY, LIGHT PATH OF THE SOLUTION, CONC OF SUBSTANCE

Involves measurement of the light transmitted by a solution to determine the concentration of light -absorbing substances in the solution

SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

Simplest type of absorption spectrometer

SINGLE BEAM

It is designed to make one measurement of a time at one specified wavelength

SINGLE BEAM

the absorption maximum of the analyte must be known in advance when a single beam instrument is used

SINGLE BEAM

An instrument that splits the monochromatic light into two components one beam passes throughout the sample another beam passes through a reference solution or blank

DOUBLE BEAM

2 Types of Double Beam Spectrophotometer

DOUBLE BEAM IN SPACE, DOUBLE BEAM IN TIME

w/ 2 photodetectors and all components are duplicated except the light source the beams of light pass-through different components but at the same time

DOUBLE BEAM IN SPACE

LIGHT SOURCES which are VISIBLE AND NEAR INFRARED RANGES

TUNGSTEN IODIDE LAMP, QUARTZ HALIDE LAMP

LIGHT SOURCES which are ULTRAVIOLET RANGES

DEUTERIUM DISCHARGE, HOLLOW CATHODE, MERCURY VAPOR, XENON, STRAY, INFRARED

Iodine Lamp used to prevent the . decomposition on the vaporized tungsten / from the hot filament of light

HALOGEN QUARTZ

Light Source that Provides energy source with high output in the UV range (down to 165 nm)

DEUTERIUM DISCHARGE

Light Source used above 800nm

INFRARED

Light Source emits narrow bands of energy at Well-defined places in the spectrum like uV and Visible

MERCURY VAPOR

Light Source consists of a gas tight chamber Containing anode, a cylindrical Cathode and inert gas such as helium or argon

HOLLOW CATHODE

Light Source produces a continuous source of radiation which covers both the UV and visible range. This is not suited for routine application as problems result from stray light

XENON

Light source comes from any wavelength outside the band transmitted by the monochromator. Common caused by loss of linearity at high analyte concentration

STRAY

An Internal Component of Spectro reduces stray light and prevent scattered light from entering the monochromator system. It only chooses the amount of light to enter in the dispersion part of monochromator

ENTRANCE SLIT

An Internal Component of Spectro that produces light of specific wavelength from a light source

WAVELENGTH SELECTOR, MONOCHROMATOR

Defines the range of wavelengths transmitted and is calculated as width at more than half the maximum transmittance

BANDPASS

A type of monochromator that is Wedge-shaped pieces of glass, quartz, NaCl, that can be rotated

PRISM

A type of monochromator that disperses white light into a continuous spectrum of colors by refraction

PRISM

A type of monochromator most commonly used monochromator because it has better resolution.

DIFFRACTION GRATING

A type of monochromator device that has small parallel grooves or slits and acts as prism (refract white light) and has slit (diffract it into several spectra)

DIFFRACTION GRATING

Prism monochromator Principle

NON-LINEAR

Diffraction Grating Monochromator Principle

LINEAR

A type of monochromator that has Colored glass or colored gelatin sandwiched between two glass plates

TRANSMISSION FILTERS

In TRANSMISSION FILTERS Light outside the transmission band is absorbed by the

COLORED MATERIAL

The Band Pass of TRANSMISSION FILTERS

35-50nm

A type of monochromator that is Semi-transparent silver films on both sides of dielectric such as MgF. It is not expensive but precise

INTERFERENCE FILTER

A type of monochromator that produces monochromatic light based on the principle of constructive interference of waves

INTERFERENCE FILTER

An Internal Component of Spectro thatControls the width of light beam (bandpass)- allows , only narrow fraction of the spectrum to reach tha sample cuvette

EXIT SLIT

An Internal Component of Spectro with an Internal Dimension of 1 Cm that holds the solution in which the absorption is to be measured

ANALYTICAL CELL, CUVETTE, ABSORPTION CELL

In Paper Chromatography paper is composed of cellulose; the matrix of cellulose is bound to water

SOLID

In Paper Chromatography carries the sample through a bed

MOBILE

A Chromatography Uses a flat sheet of chromatographic material

THIN LAYER

Analysis based on colors and positions

QUALITATIVE

Analysis remove spots and extract

QUANTITATIVE

Chromatography Separation is based on electrical charge

ION-EXCHANGE

This capture anions

ANION EXCHANGER

This capture cations

CATION EXCHANGER

Thin Layer Chromatography Solid SupporT water bound to

SILICA, ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE

Thin Layer Chromatography Mobile Phase

WATER

Separation is based on differences in molecular size

GEL FILTRATION

Gel Filtration Stationary phase

POLYACRYLAMIDE, SEPHADEX, POROUS BEAD

Gel Filtration Mobile phase

FLOWING WATER

general types of Gas Chromatography based on partition

GAS LIQUID

general types of Gas Chromatography based on adsorption

GAS SOLID

Gas Chromatography Mobile Phase

HELIUM, NITROGEN

In Paper Chromatography paper is composed of cellulose; the matrix of cellulose is bound to water

SOLID

COMPH Lesson 5

COMPH Lesson 5

73問 • 2年前

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Discussion 1

Discussion 1

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Dis 1

Dis 1

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Shift -Systematic Error

Shift -Systematic Error

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LEVEY – JENNINGS CHART

LEVEY – JENNINGS CHART

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WESTGARD MULTIRULE CHART

WESTGARD MULTIRULE CHART

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Random vs Systematic

Random vs Systematic

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Researcj Design

Researcj Design

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Dis 1 mid

Dis 1 mid

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COMPM LESSON 6-7

COMPM LESSON 6-7

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Discussion -2 Six Sigma

Discussion -2 Six Sigma

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Sigma Levels

Sigma Levels

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COMPH- LESSON 8

COMPH- LESSON 8

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WAVELENGTH Color Table

WAVELENGTH Color Table

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Quiz Announcement ANALYTICAL METHODS & INSTRUMENTATION

Quiz Announcement ANALYTICAL METHODS & INSTRUMENTATION

100問 • 2年前

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QUIz ANNOUNCEMENT part 2

QUIz ANNOUNCEMENT part 2

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Electrochem

Electrochem

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ELEC TROCH

ELEC TROCH

18問 • 1年前

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TRANSCRIPTION

TRANSCRIPTION

49問 • 1年前

LIS

LIS

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Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

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DIFFERENT PATHWAYS IN GLUCOSE METABOLISM

DIFFERENT PATHWAYS IN GLUCOSE METABOLISM

III. GLUCOSE MEASUREMENT

III. GLUCOSE MEASUREMENT

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Copper Reductions

Copper Reductions

7問 • 1年前

Exp.8

Exp.8

QUIZ 8/9

QUIZ 8/9

Immunology

Immunology

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Immunology part 2

Immunology part 2

22問 • 1年前

Immunology 3

Immunology 3

Lesson 4

Lesson 4

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PROTEINS

PROTEINS

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PROTEIN 2

PROTEIN 2

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PROTEIN 3

PROTEIN 3

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Serum Albumin Determination

Serum Albumin Determination

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CC lec debris

CC lec debris

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NPN

NPN

44問 • 1年前

NPN 2

NPN 2

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Materials management

Materials management

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Liver

Liver

57問 • 1年前

LESSON 10

LESSON 10

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hyperlipoproteinemia

hyperlipoproteinemia

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OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR BACTERIA

OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR BACTERIA

24問 • 1年前

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THE SPIROCHETES

THE SPIROCHETES

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PYOGENIC GRAM POSTIVE

PYOGENIC GRAM POSTIVE

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Introduction

Introduction

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Introduction Page 2

Introduction Page 2

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Introduction pg 3

Introduction pg 3

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Introduction table

Introduction table

32問 • 1年前

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Introduction-body

Introduction-body

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NK-Immunity

NK-Immunity

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meet 2

meet 2

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discussion 3

discussion 3

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dis 1

dis 1

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Immuno vs anti

Immuno vs anti

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Immune 3

Immune 3

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dis 4

dis 4

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TRANSUDATIVE Vs. EXUDATIVE

TRANSUDATIVE Vs. EXUDATIVE

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dis 5

dis 5

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Preserved Tissue Examination Steps by definition

Preserved Tissue Examination Steps by definition

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FIXATIVES

FIXATIVES

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Long discussion 1

Long discussion 1

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ALDEHYDE-FIXATIVES

ALDEHYDE-FIXATIVES

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lactate dehydrogenase

lactate dehydrogenase

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FIXATIVES-METALLIC

FIXATIVES-METALLIC

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FIXATIVES-CHROMATE

FIXATIVES-CHROMATE

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Specialized Macrophages

Specialized Macrophages

10問 • 1年前

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LYMPHOPOIESIS

LYMPHOPOIESIS

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PICRIC ACID-FIXATIVE

PICRIC ACID-FIXATIVE

5問 • 1年前

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immune 4

immune 4

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FIXATIVES-ALCOHOL

FIXATIVES-ALCOHOL

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Immunoglobulins

Immunoglobulins

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ARTIFACTS

ARTIFACTS

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FIXATIVES QUIZ COPY

FIXATIVES QUIZ COPY

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MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY

MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY

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Introduction

Introduction

58問 • 1年前

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OTHERS-FIXATIVES

OTHERS-FIXATIVES

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MEGAKARYOPOLESIS

MEGAKARYOPOLESIS

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DECALCIFICATION

DECALCIFICATION

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DEHYDRATION

DEHYDRATION

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Blood Specimen Collection

Blood Specimen Collection

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CLEARING

CLEARING

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CEARING AGENT

CEARING AGENT

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INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

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Introduction

Introduction

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Methods of Determination

Methods of Determination

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ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE

ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE

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ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE

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Creatinine Kinase

Creatinine Kinase

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LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE

LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE

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ACID PHOSPHATASE

ACID PHOSPHATASE

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