History of Microbiology

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 55問 · 2年前

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He proposed the beginning of the cell theory, that "ALL LIVING THINGS ARE COMPOSED OF CELLS"

Robert Hooke

View thin slice of CORK through a crude microscope

Robert Hooke

Dutch merchant and amateur scientist/glass maker who constructed more than 400 microscopes

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

He coined the term "CELL" or "little boxes" and to Englishman was considered the Father of microbiology

Robert Hooke

Between 1673 and 1723 he wrote about the "animalcules", made detailed drawings of organisms (bacteria and protozoa)

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

performed the first documented controlled SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENT

Francesco Redi

the first major blow of the THEORY OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATION

Francesco Redi

He demonstrate that maggots did not arise spontaneously

Francesco Redi

He covered jar w/ decaying meat (sealed jar and net)

Francesco Redi

He published a formal presentation of the "THEORY OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATION".

John Needham

He claimed that microbes developed spontaneously from the fluids.

John Needham

He did the ff: -Spontaneous generation believer -Heating chicken and corn broth

John Needham

Performed experiment of boiled & unboiled gravy

Lazzaro Spallanzani

responded by claiming the "vital force" (air) necessary for a spontaneous generation

John Needham

He concluded that spontaneous generation cannot be corrected

Lazzaro Spallanzani

He proposed spontaneous generation

Aristotle

Identified contaminated water as the cause of CHOLERA EPIDEMIC in ENGLAND

John Snow

He challenged the case for a spontaneous generation with the concept of biogenesis

Rudolf Virchow

he could not offer scientific arguments about spontaneous generation

Rudolf Virchow

In 1857, he developed the process of PASTEURIZATION

Louis Pasteur

In 1861, he provided the FINAL DISPROOF of the theory of spontaneous generction

Louis Pasteur

He did the ff: ✓Microbes in the flask are the progeny of microbes on the dust ✓Researched FERMENTATION & INFECTION

Louis Pasteur

In 1885, he developed the vaccine for rabies

Louis Pasteur

READ!!! FIRST EXPERIMENT: Pasteur reasoned that microbes in the air were the agents responsible for contaminating non-living matter SECOND EXPERIMENT: he demonstrated conclusively that microbial life can be destroyed by heat (called ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE - procedures avoid contamination PASTEUR'S EVIDENCE & CONCLUSIONS led to the CELL THEORY ✓ Cell is the fundamental unit of life. All organisms are made of cells. ✓ All cells come from previously existing cells. Type YES if DONE!!

YES

Coined the term "BIOGENESIS" (life from pre- existing life) & "ABIOGENESIS" (life from non- living materials)

Thomas Huxley

Described the roles of bacteria in the cycling of elements in nature

Ferdinand Cohn

First to develop for embalming, mummification.

Ancient Egypt

Perform the first act of Biological warfare.

Ancient Roma

first made the fermented beverage from Cacao. One of the most advance civilization where they create the mathematical concept of zero, and astronomy, and the calendar system.

Mayans

Benefits of Bacteria - Help protect us from pathogens by taking up space and activating our immune system. - Make us healthy by synthesizing vitamins. (vitamin e and K) Eschericia coli - Can be used to produce foods, medicines and more. - Form the base of the food chain. (deep underwater, there is bacteria that helps for the survival of water animals) - Help plants absorb nutrients and grow faster. (bacteria plays an important role in the ecosystem) TYPE YES IF DONE READING!!!

YES

view cork through a microscope - coins the term "cell"

Robert Hooke

created the first microscope

Janssen

Did the ff: performed the first documented controlled scientific experiment; The fist major blow to the Theory of Spontaneous Generation ○ Used a pieces of meat and put it in 3 container. One is covered, other is covered with cheesecloth, while other is not covered

Francesco Redi

becomes the first scientist to view living microorganisms; This marks the beginning of Microbiology

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Father of bacteriology and protozoology

Anton Van Leeuwenhook

developed a taxonomy and a naming system (binomial nomenclature) for organisms

Carl Linnaeus

published a formal presentation of the "Theory of Spontaneous Generation. He argues that microbes grew in the broth. The microbes born from the broth.

John Needham

introduced vaccination against small pox. The milkmaids when milking a cow. They have blisters on their hands. Through studies, an infection was caused by the production of milk. He gathered all milkmaids with infection, collected the cowpox blisters(dried and scraped) using lancet. The lancet/knife contaminate with cowpox were used to children with small pox. After how many days, the children who have cowpox and small pox do not have the small pox.

Edward Jenner

Golden Age of Microbiology

1800-1899

discovered the microorganisms which made him father of microbiology and zoology.

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

1835

Agostino Bassi

gave the idea that physicians should wash their hands when assisting childbirth.

Ignaz Semmelweis

observed there are infection created after childbirth.

Ignaz Semmelweis

identified contaminated water as the cause of cholera epidemic in England

John Snow

proposed a third kingdom of Life: the protist he discovered the microorganisms

Ernest Haeckel

phenol (carbolic acid) to treat surgical wounds. Using chemicals as disinfectant. Surgical infection caused by microorganism. Phenol is not being used anymore due to carcinogenic effect.

Joseph Lister

described the roles of bacteria in the cycling of elements in nature.

Ferdinand Cohn

studied causative agents of disease - validated the germ theory

Robert Koch

developed a process for producing diphtheria antitoxin

Von Behring and Kitasato

performed the definitive work on the microorganisms responsible for nitrification nature

Sergei Winogradsky

proposed that antibodies are responsible for immunity. Discovered the first ever treatment for syphilis(STI) Salvarsan

Paul Ehrlich

identified Clostridium perfringens(gram positive bacilli) as the causative agent of gangrene

William Welch and George Nuttall

He launches the field of virology

Dmitri Ivanowski

He discovered that fermentation can be accomplished with a cell-free yeast extract -Cymase, sugar breakdown to CO2 and alcohol.

Edward Buchner

He Launches the field of Enzymology

Edward Buchner

He described the life cycle of the malaria parasite. First Briton to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine.

Ronald Ross

showed that a filterable causes Yellow fever.

Walter Reed

He discovered an essential growth factor (Vit. B)

E. Wildiers

He suggested that fungi play an important role in decomposition.

Cornelius Johan Koning

identified Treponema pallidum. Causative agent of symphilis.

Fritz Schaudinn and Erich Hoffman

He showed bacteria can use methane as an energy and carbon source(source of nutrient from methane)

N.L. Sohngen

discovered Agrobacterium(responsible in disease of plants, Crown gal/Plant tumor disease)

Erwin Smith and C.O Townsend

showed that Rocky Mountain fever is caused by Rickettsia (Specialized type of bacteria which makes them unique).

Howard Ricketts

He died from a rickettsia type disease. Typhus.

Howard Ricketts

showed that typhus fever is transmitted from person to person by body lice

Charles Henry Nicolle

discovered that a virus causes cancer in chicken. First infection agent recorded as agent can cause cancer.

Francis Peyton Rous

He announced the discovery of Salvarsan for Syphilis

Paul Ehrlich

Developed the fecal coliform(gram-negative can cause disease) test for bacteriological analysis of water

M.H. Crady

In this year, Worldwide influenza epidemic kills more than 20 million people. Spanish flu

1918

In this year, Blood agar is used for the first time. Blood agar is used to study the hemolytic ability of Streptococcus bacteria. Identified as alpha, beta, gamma hemolysis.

1919

published the characterization and classification of bacteria

D.H. Bergey

He discovered Transformation in bacteria. Popular in Molecular Biology. The founding and led the understanding of DNA.

Frederick Griffith

He discovered the first antibiotic, Penicillin(cam from fungi Penicillium glutatum).

Alexander Fleming

He discovered antimetabolite antibiotic, Prontosil, against streph

Domagk

In what year was electron microscope invented.

1934

produced a successful vaccine against yellow fever

Theiler

produced an extract of Penicillin. Won the Nobel prize in medicine and physiology.

Howard Florey and Ernst Chain

They published studies on the relationship between genes and enzymes

Beadle and Tatum

Antibiotic comes into existence in what year?

1942

They showed that Griffith's transforming factor is DNA.

Avery MacLeod and McCarty

They explained conjugation.

Lederberg and Tatum

He published a comprehensive definition of the word antibiotic. Chemical substance produced by microbes to destroy microbes

Selman Waksman

They developed the method of replica plate(discovered bacteria can mate and exchange genes)

Joshua Lederberg and Esther Lederberg

He discovered the lambda phage - virus widely used in gene regulation and recombination

Esther Lederberg

They developed the three-dimensional model of DNA structure. Caused the explosion for genetic information.

James Watson and Francis Crick

He begins Preliminary testing of a polio vaccine (Philippines is polio free)

Jonas Salk

They showed the semi conservative nature of DNA replication. Antiparallellism structure

Matthew Meselson and Frank Stahl

They developed the lac operon model Nirenberg and Matthei synthesized poly-U RNA

Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod

They showed that virus (Epstein Bar virus) can cause cancer in humans.

Epstein, Achong and Batt

suggested that DNA can be used to understand evolutionary relationships

Linus Pauling

proposed the five - kingdom system

Robert Whittaker

They discovered restriction enzymes

Nathans Smith and Arber

They produced the first genetically-engineered organisms

Berg, Boyer, and Cohen

They discovered retroviral oncogenes

Bishop and Varmus

He developed method for determining the nucleotide sequence of DNA

Sanger

He discovered unusual prokaryotes called " Archaea" (Archaebacteria).

Woese

He formalized the Endosymbiotic Theory of Organelle Evolution(State that some organelles found in eukaryotic cells where once prokaryotes)

Margulis

He discovered a new type of infectious agent called prion(viral particulates that can infect brain, infectious protein, sheep disease(scrapy))

Prusiner

They identified the HIV as the cause of AIDS(Acute Immunodeficiency Syndrome)

Montaigner and Gallo

100

He demonstrated that a bacterium, Helicobacter pylori, causes peptic ulcers.

Marshall

Translation(Pre-finals)

Translation(Pre-finals)

55問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 75問 · 2年前

Moving Test(Pre-finals)

Moving Test(Pre-finals)

75問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 80問 · 2年前

Sporozoa(Prefinals)

Sporozoa(Prefinals)

80問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 46問 · 2年前

Transcription

Transcription

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MAHATHIR ALPHA · 15問 · 2年前

GE Elective 2 Prefinal

GE Elective 2 Prefinal

15問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 25問 · 2年前

Extra info for Malaria(Pre mid)

Extra info for Malaria(Pre mid)

25問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 45問 · 2年前

NEMATODES(QUIZ)

NEMATODES(QUIZ)

45問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 51問 · 2年前

PARA FINALS QUIZ 2

PARA FINALS QUIZ 2

51問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 42問 · 2年前

MUTATION CYTOGENETICS

MUTATION CYTOGENETICS

42問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 51問 · 2年前

AUBF PRE- FINAL 1ST QUIZ

AUBF PRE- FINAL 1ST QUIZ

51問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 20問 · 2年前

Haemocytometry

Haemocytometry

20問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 46問 · 2年前

Introduction to Microbiology

Introduction to Microbiology

46問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 9問 · 2年前

History of Microbiology Part II

History of Microbiology Part II

9問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 39問 · 2年前

Hematopoesis

Hematopoesis

39問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 18問 · 2年前

Bacterial Taxonomy

Bacterial Taxonomy

18問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 23問 · 2年前

Comparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Comparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell Structure

23問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 19問 · 2年前

Bacterial Morphology

Bacterial Morphology

19問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 82問 · 2年前

Cell Structure

Cell Structure

82問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 91問 · 2年前

Cell Histology

Cell Histology

91問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 46問 · 2年前

Bacterial Growth

Bacterial Growth

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MAHATHIR ALPHA · 29問 · 2年前

Bacterial Genetics

Bacterial Genetics

29問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 23問 · 2年前

Bacterial Metabolism

Bacterial Metabolism

23問 • 2年前

First Module

First Module

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 64問 · 2年前

Cellular Adaptation

Cellular Adaptation

64問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 21問 · 2年前

Blood Collection

Blood Collection

21問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 43問 · 2年前

Anticoagulants

Anticoagulants

43問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 71問 · 2年前

Intro to Clinical Chemistry

Intro to Clinical Chemistry

71問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 37問 · 2年前

Universal Precautions

Universal Precautions

37問 • 2年前

Instrumentation

Instrumentation

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 43問 · 2年前

Specimen Collection and Processing

Specimen Collection and Processing

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MAHATHIR ALPHA · 78問 · 2年前

Pathogenesis Part 1

Pathogenesis Part 1

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MAHATHIR ALPHA · 72問 · 2年前

Pathogenesis Part 2

Pathogenesis Part 2

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MAHATHIR ALPHA · 94問 · 2年前

Pregnancy test

Pregnancy test

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MAHATHIR ALPHA · 62問 · 2年前

The Control of Microbial Growth Part 1

The Control of Microbial Growth Part 1

62問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 58問 · 2年前

The Control of Microbial Growth Part 2

The Control of Microbial Growth Part 2

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MAHATHIR ALPHA · 76問 · 2年前

Carbohydrates Part 1

Carbohydrates Part 1

76問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 86問 · 2年前

Carbohydrate Part 2

Carbohydrate Part 2

86問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 70問 · 2年前

Erythropoiesis

Erythropoiesis

70問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 49問 · 2年前

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin

49問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 54問 · 2年前

Renal Disease

Renal Disease

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MAHATHIR ALPHA · 72問 · 2年前

Anemia

Anemia

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MAHATHIR ALPHA · 40問 · 2年前

RBC Anomalies

RBC Anomalies

40問 • 2年前

Erythrocyte Disorders and Inclusions

Erythrocyte Disorders and Inclusions

RBC Abnormalities and Commoly Associated Disease Stain

RBC Abnormalities and Commoly Associated Disease Stain

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 63問 · 2年前

Common Clinically Significant Hemoglobinopathies

Common Clinically Significant Hemoglobinopathies

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MAHATHIR ALPHA · 49問 · 2年前

Quality Control

Quality Control

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MAHATHIR ALPHA · 33問 · 2年前

Microscopy

Microscopy

33問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 40問 · 2年前

Culture Media

Culture Media

40問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 66問 · 2年前

Antimicrobial (Antibiotics)

Antimicrobial (Antibiotics)

66問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 19問 · 2年前

Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic Resistance

19問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 19問 · 2年前

Specimen collection, transport and processing

Specimen collection, transport and processing

19問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 25問 · 2年前

Microscope specimens identification

Microscope specimens identification

25問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 28問 · 2年前

Possible Identification Questions

Possible Identification Questions

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MAHATHIR ALPHA · 24問 · 2年前

Exam

Exam

24問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 35問 · 2年前

Histopathology Midterm

Histopathology Midterm

35問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 80問 · 2年前

Staphylococcus Part 1

Staphylococcus Part 1

80問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 79問 · 2年前

Staphylococcus Part 2

Staphylococcus Part 2

79問 • 2年前

WBC Anomalies

WBC Anomalies

WBC Anomaly Part II

WBC Anomaly Part II

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 68問 · 2年前

Shortened ver. WBC

Shortened ver. WBC

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MAHATHIR ALPHA · 81問 · 2年前

Streptococcus Part 1

Streptococcus Part 1

81問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 81問 · 2年前

Streptococcus Part 2

Streptococcus Part 2

81問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 59問 · 2年前

Neisseria Part 1

Neisseria Part 1

59問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 56問 · 2年前

Neisseria Part 2

Neisseria Part 2

56問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 58問 · 2年前

Seminalysis Part 1

Seminalysis Part 1

58問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 63問 · 2年前

Seminalysis Part 2

Seminalysis Part 2

63問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 15問 · 2年前

CC quiz PROTEIN

CC quiz PROTEIN

15問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 10問 · 2年前

AUBF QUIZ SEMINALYSIS

AUBF QUIZ SEMINALYSIS

10問 • 2年前

Introduction to Leukemia Part 1

Introduction to Leukemia Part 1

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 68問 · 2年前

Introduction to Leukemia Part 2

Introduction to Leukemia Part 2

68問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 73問 · 2年前

Gastric Analysis

Gastric Analysis

73問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 50問 · 2年前

Impregnation and Imbedding

Impregnation and Imbedding

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MAHATHIR ALPHA · 34問 · 2年前

Dehydration

Dehydration

34問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 49問 · 2年前

Microtomy

Microtomy

49問 • 2年前

Clearing

Clearing

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 91問 · 2年前

Enterobacteriaceae Part 1

Enterobacteriaceae Part 1

91問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 24問 · 2年前

Enterobacteriacea Part 2

Enterobacteriacea Part 2

24問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 83問 · 2年前

Protein

Protein

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MAHATHIR ALPHA · 39問 · 2年前

Non Protein

Non Protein

39問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 72問 · 2年前

Non-enteric gastrointesinal Pathogens

Non-enteric gastrointesinal Pathogens

72問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 92問 · 2年前

Non-Fermentative Gram-Negative Bacilli

Non-Fermentative Gram-Negative Bacilli

92問 • 2年前

Small, Pleomorphic Gram-negative bacilli Part 1

Small, Pleomorphic Gram-negative bacilli Part 1

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 86問 · 2年前

Small, Pleomorphic Gram-negative bacilli Part 2

Small, Pleomorphic Gram-negative bacilli Part 2

86問 • 2年前

Mycobacteria Part 1

Mycobacteria Part 1

Mycobacteria Part 2

Mycobacteria Part 2

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 24問 · 2年前

Possible quiz questions amniotic

Possible quiz questions amniotic

24問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 95問 · 2年前

Mycobacteria Part 3

Mycobacteria Part 3

95問 • 2年前

Platelets

Platelets

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 30問 · 2年前

Platelet Part II

Platelet Part II

30問 • 2年前

Anaerobes Part 1

Anaerobes Part 1

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 83問 · 2年前

Anaerobes Part 2

Anaerobes Part 2

83問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 41問 · 2年前

Cell Wall-deficient Bacteria

Cell Wall-deficient Bacteria

41問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 56問 · 2年前

Platelets Part 3 (Bookbased)

Platelets Part 3 (Bookbased)

56問 • 2年前

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 56問 · 2年前

Mounting Media and Adhesives

Mounting Media and Adhesives

56問 • 2年前