Platelets Part 3 (Bookbased)

56問 • 2年前

問題一覧

It is a complex physiologic process that keeps circulating blood in a fluid state and produces a clot to stop the bleeding during an injury

Hemostasis

What happens when the Hemostasis system is out of balance?

Hemorrhage Thrombosis

What is the term for uncontrolled bleeding?

Hemorrhage

What is the term for pathologic clotting?

Thrombosis

What would occur if there is an absence of Single plasma coagulant?

Lifetime: Anatomic hemorrhage Chronic inflammation Transfusion dependence

What would occur if there is an absence of control protein?

Thrombosis Stroke Pulmonary embolism Deep vein thrombosis Cardiovascular events

What composes the Major system of Hemostasis?

Blood vessels Platelets Plasma proteins

Hemostasis is involve in what?

Interaction of vasoconstriction Platelet adhesion and aggregation Coagulation enzymes activation to stop bleeding

What are the key cellular elements of hemostasis?

Cells of the vascular intima Extravascular tissue factor Bearing cells Platelets

Give out the Plasma components

Coagulation Fibrinolytic proteins Inhibitors

What are the defects in Primary hemostasis?

Collagen Abnormalities Thrombocytopenia Qualitative platelet disorder/Von Willebrand disease

Von Willebrand disease can cause what?

Debilitating sometimes fatal chronic hemorrhage

It refers to the role of blood vessels and platelets in the initial response to a vascular injury

Primary hemostasis

It refers to blood vessels contracting to seal the wound and reduce blood flow

Vasoconstriction

Long term major bleeding plug must be reinforced by _________.

Fibrin

They are involved in Primary hemostasis

Vascular intima Platelets

They are involved in Secondary hemostasis

Coagulation Fibrinolysis

It describes the activation of a series of coagulation proteins in the plasma

Secondary hemostasis

In secondary hemostasis, ______________ is usually used to form a fibrin clot.

Serine protease

It is the final event of hemostasis

Fibrinolysis

It refers to the gradual digestion and removal of the fibrin clot (healing)

Fibrinolysis

Blood vessels are also known as?

Vasculature

3 layers of the Blood vessels

Inner layer (vascular intima) Middle layer (vascular media) Outer layer (vascular adventitia)

SPOT THE DIFF: Primary Hemostasis 1. Activated by desquamation and small injures to blood vessels 2. Involves vascular intima and platelets 3. Rapid, short-lived response 4. Procoagulant substances exposed or released by damage or activated endothelial cells Secondary Hemostasis 1. Activated by large injuries to blood vessels and surrounding tissues 2. Involves platelets and coagulation system 3. Delayed, long term response 4. Activator, tissue factor is exposed on cell membrane

It is the innermost vascular lining of the Vascular Intime of the blood vessels

Endothelial cells

It is supporting the Endothelial cells of the Vascular Intime of the blood vessels

Internal elastic lamina

The internal elastic lamina is made up of?

Elastin and collagen

-They play essential roles in immune response, vascular permeability and proliferation of hemostasis -Form a smooth, unbroken surface that eases the fluid passage of blood

Endothelial cells

Intact vascular endothelium prevent thrombosis by:

a. Inhibiting platelet aggregation b. Preventing coagulation c. Enhancing fibrinolysis

It presents a smooth and contagious surface in the Intact vascular epithelium

Vascular endothelium (rhomboid cells)

It is the eicosanoid platelet inhibitor of the Intact vascular epithelium

Prostacyclin

It is a vascular "relaxing" factor of the Intact vascular epithelium

Nitric oxide

It regulate thrombin generation of the Intact vascular epithelium

Glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate

It is the regulator of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation of the Intact vascular epithelium

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)

It is an integral component of the protein C control system of the Intact vascular epithelium

Endothelial Protein C Receptor (EPCR)

It is a protein C coagulation control system activator of the Intact vascular epithelium

Cell membrane thrombomodulin

It activate fibrinolysis of the Intact vascular epithelium

Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA)

What are the Anticoagulant properties of Intact Vascular Endothelium

Vascular endothelium (rhomboid cells) ECs secrete Prostacyclin ECs secrete Glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate ECs secrete Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) Expresses the protein C receptor Endothelial Protein C Receptor (EPCR) Expresses Cell membrane thrombomodulin ECs secrete Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA)

What are the procoagulant properties of Damaged Vascular Intima?

Smooth muscles in arterioles and arteries Exposed subendothelial collagen Damaged or Activated ECs secrete VWF Damaged or Activated ECs secrete adhesion molecules Exposed smooth muscle cells and fibroblast ECs in Inflammation

What are the adhesion molecules secreted by Damaged or activated ECs?

Intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMS) Platelet Endothelial Cell adhesion molecules (PECAMS)

Promote procoagulation through several procoagulant

Vascular intima

They induces vasoconstriction in arteries and arterioles

Harmful local stimulus

It is an Elastic structural protein that binds and activate platelets

Collagen

Immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecules

Intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMS)

Further promote platelet and leukocyte binding

Platelet Endothelial Cell adhesion molecules (PECAMS)

Excess arterial inclusions causes?

Myocardial infarction Stroke Peripheral artery disease

Excess venous inclusions cause?

Deep vein thrombosis Throboembolic disease

During thrombus formation, both TPA and plasminogen bind to ______________.

Polymarized fibrin

Size of platelet

2-3 um

In time of injury, platelet will:

Adhere Aggregate Secrete the content of their granules

Platelets binds to nonplatelet surfaces such as subendothelial collagen

Adhesion

Absence of Glycoprotein Ib/IX/V receptor

Bernard-Soulier syndrome

VWF is missing or defective

Von Willebrand disease

Platelets bind to each other

Aggregation

It is essential for platelet aggregation

Fibrinogen binding

Lack the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor

Glanzmann thrombasthenia

Translation(Pre-finals)

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 55問 · 2年前

Translation(Pre-finals)