Mycobacteria Part 1

100問 • 2年前

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They are non-motile, non-spore forming and nonencapsulated and acid fast bacilli.

Mycobacteria

Describe Mycobacteria

-They Are non-motile, non-spore forming and non-encapsulated and acid fast bacilli. -They are very thin, slightly curved or straight rods (0.2-0.6 3 1-10 mm) -They are strictly aerobic; catalase (+)

They are inclusion bodies that are produced by Mycobacterium

Much's granules

What are the two bacteria that is related to Mycobacteria?

Nocardis Rhodococcus

Describe the cell wall of Mycobacteria

It contains N-glycolylmuramic acid and has very high lipid content.

Mycobacteria resists decolorization with ________________.

Acid-ethanol (acid fastness)

True/False: Mycobacteria is not resistant to heat, cold and drying.

False

Most species of Mycobacteria that are associated with diseases which grows slowly have an incubation period of what?

2-6 weeks of incubation

Rapidly growing mycobacteria has an incubation period of what?

2-3 days of incubation

True/False: Some species of Mycobacteria requires 5-10% CO2

True

Decribe the appearance of Mycobacteria under the microscope

-Slender, slightly curved or straight Gram (+) rod -Tendency to clump -Gram neutral / Gram ghosts

Incomplete staining of Mycobacteria leads to what?

Beaded appearance

Incomplete staining of Mycobacteria is due to what?

Irregular uptake of stain

What is the reason why Mycobacteria does not take up dye w/ increased staining time or application heat?

Due to high lipid content of the cell wall

Describe the appearance of Mycobacteria under egg based media

Smooth and soft or a rough friable appearance

What is the pH requirement for Mycobacteria in culture media?

6.5-6.8

Describe the reason why the generation time of Mycobacteria is greater than 12 hours

They grow slowly because of their hydrophobic cell surface

What are the two groups of Mycobacteria?

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex (MTC) Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM)

What are included in the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium bovis Mycobacterium bovis BCG Mycobacterium africanum Mycobacterium canettii Mycobacterium microti

What is the other term for Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Koch bacillus

Sheka was observing the microscope and she sees slender, beaded rods w/ X, V, Y and L Formation, what do you think is the bacteria she has observed?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Koch bacillus)

Sheka was observing a culture when notice slow growing colonies, buff in color raised and dry, cauliflower colonies and rough colonies exhibiting cording. What do you think is the bacteria she have seen?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Koch bacillus)

What are the biochemical test and results of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Catalase(+) Niacin(+) Reduced nitrate to nitrite

Mycobacterium is inhibited by what?

Nitroimidzopyran(NAP)

What is the virulence factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Cord factor

What is the specific gravity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

0.79 - 1. 07

Sheka Cutey was observing a culture when notice slow growing, small, granular, rounded, white colonies and non-pigmented. What do you think is the bacteria she have seen?

Mycobacterium bovis

It produces TB in cattle, dogs, cats, swine, parrots and humans.

Mycobacterium bovis

What is the attenuated strain of Mycobacterium used for?

It is used for the vaccination of newborn

What are the biochemical test and results of Mycobacterium bovis?

Niacin(-) Do not reduce to nitrate No growth in presence of T2H

It is a live attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis currently used as the only vaccine against TB.

Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG)

It is associated with human cases in tropical Africa.

Mycobacterium africanum

Detection of Mycobacterium africanum requires the use of what?

Spoligotyping (spacer oligotyping)

It is also known as spacer oligotyping

Spoligotyping

It is the smooth stain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium canettii

What is the biochemical test and result for Mycobacterium canettii?

Niacin(+) Nitrate

True/False: Mycobacterium canettii grows slowly than Mycobacterium tuberculosis

False

The first human isolate was from cerival lymph node; also isolated from an AIDS patient with mesenteric tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium canettii

It is found in rodents, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats llamas and meerkats.

Mycobacterium microti

It has been isolated from TB patients in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. And it usually fails to grow in culture.

Mycobacterium microti

Tuberculosis is a disease of the ___________ tract.

Respiratory

It is a chronic granulatomatous infection which is transmitted by the inhalation of infected droplets by means of coughing sneezing or talking.

Tuberculosis

What is the mode of acquisition of Tuberculosis?

Airborne droplet of nuclei, 1-5 um enter the respiratory tract of an exposed individual and are deposited in the lung alveoli.

What are the signs and symptoms of Tuberculosis?

Low-grade fever Night sweats Fatigue Anorexia Weight loss

Reactivation of Tuberculosis occurs when there is an _________________ of the cellular immune system.

Alteration or a diminution

In Tuberculosis, If the disease has been chronic and fibrotic, loss of lung volume and calcifications will be demonstrated. _____________, with or without other factors such as alcoholism, homelessness, incarceration, immunosuppression, and AIDS, can contribute greatly to the progression to __________.

Malnutrition active TB

What would happen if Tuberculosis is chronic and fibrotic?

Loss of lung volume and calcifications will be demonstrated

What factors can contribute greatly to the progression to active TB?

Malnutrition Alcoholism Homelessness Incarceration Immunosuppression AIDS

It is usually limited to detection of a positive tubercullin test using purified protein derivative (PPD).

Primary tuberculosis

Primary tuberculosis is usually limited to detection of a positive tubercullin test using ______________.

Purified protein derivative (PPD)

It refers to an organization of lymphocytes, macrophages, giant cells, fibroblasts and capillaries.

Granuloma

A grave form of tuberculosis caused by the invasion of M. tuberculosis

Pott's disease

It is also known as the tuberculosis spondylitis or skeletal TB of the spine.

Pott's disease

It is an extrapulmonary TB which refers to the seeding of many organs outside the pulmonary tree with AFB through hematogenous spread.

Milary TB

It occurs shortly after primary pulmonary disease but can take place anywhere in the course of acute or chronic TB.

Milary TB

What are common sites wherein Milary TB spreads?

Spleen Liver Lungs Bone marrow Kidney Adrenal gland Eyes

This strain develops when only one antimycobacterial agent is used or if the patient is on multidrug therapy and fails to complete the course of medication.

Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MDR-TB)

It is usually acquired by spontaneous mutation as a result of the Inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents to treat M. tuberculosis and the lack of patient compliance.

Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MDR-TB)

How is MDR-TB usually acquired?

By spontaneous mutation

What are the three injectable second-line anti-TB drugs?

Aminoglycosides Amikacin Kanamycin or capreomycin

With resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin + fluoroquinolone + at least one of three injectable second-line anti-TB drugs (aminoglycosides, amikacin, kanamycin or capreomycin).

Extensively drug resistant TB (XDR-TB)

Without previous history of TB disease and resistance to at least Isoniazid and rifampicin (anti-TB drugs).

Primary MDR-TB

Give examples of Anti-TB drugs

Isoniazid Rifampicin

Give the classifications of Nontuberculosous Mycobacteria according to Runyon's classification?

Photochromogens Scotochromogens Nonphotochromogens Rapid growers

This group of NTM grows both in the dark and in the light

Photochromogens

This group of NTM is not pigmented unless exposed to lights, cream or buff and has orange/yellow colonies.

Photochromagens

This group of NTM is pigmented both in the dark and light. With yellow to orange colonies

Scotochromagens

This group of NTM is non-pigmented both in the dark and light

Nonphotochromagens

This group of NTM has pigment variation

Rapid growers

What is the growth rate of Photochromagens, Scotochromagems and Nonphotochromagens?

10-21 days

What is the growth rate of Rapid growers?

3-7 days

What are species under Photochromogens (Group I)?

Mycobacterium kansasii Mycobacterium asiaticum Mycobacterium marinum Mycobacterium simiae

What are species under Scotochromogens (Group II)?

Mycobacterium szulgai Mycobacterium gorgonae Mycobacterium scrofulaceum Mycobacterium flavescens Mycobacterium xenopi

What are species under Nonphotochromogens (Group III)?

Mycobacterium avium complex Mycobacterium ulcerans Mycobacterium terrae complex Mycobacterium gastri Mycobacterium haemophilum

What are species under Rapid Growers?

Mycobacterium fortultum Mycobacterium chelonae Mycobacterium smegmatis Mycobacterium phlei Mycobacterium abscessus Mycobacterium mucogenicum

They are also known as anonymous, atypical, unclassified, unknown, tuberculoid, MOTT

Slow growers (NTM)

They are present in the environment (soil and water) and sometimes colonize healthy Individuals skin, respiratory and GI tracts.

Slow growers (NTM)

What is the usual clinical presentation associated with Slow growers (NTM)?

Chronic pulmonary disease resembling TB

It has contributed significantly to the incidence and awareness of NTM disease.

AIDS

Infections caused by these bacteria are not considered transmissible from person to person.

Slow growers (NTM)

The most common NTM causing tuberculosis

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)

Where can you isolate Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) from?

Sputum Blood Aspirates of the bone marrow

These organisms are environment saprophytes, and present in soil, water and house dust.

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)

They are important pathogens in immunocompromised and immunocompotent populations (AIDS patients).

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)

What are the species included in the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)?

Mycobacterium avium Mycobacterium intracellulare Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis Mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum

What is the other term for Mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum?

Wood pigeon bacillus

My beautiful GF Sheka was observing a culture and she notices opaque, glossy, white, colony morphology or produce a smaller translucent colony morphology. What do you think is the bacteria present in that culture?

Mycobacterium avium complex(MAC)

What is the reservoir of Mycobacterium avium complex(MAC)?

Natural water

What is the portal of entry of Mycobacterium avium complex(MAC)?

Respiratory tract GIT

Once upon a time, a cute lady named Sheka was viewing a microscope and she sees a pleomorphic, short, coccobacillary without beading stain (+) with PAS, what do you think is the bacteria that she have seen?

Mycobacterium avium complex

What are the biochemical tests and results for Mycobacterium avium complex?

(+) heat-stable catalase (+) growth on media with T2H

It is the cause of disease in poultry and swine

Mycobacterium avium

It is an inflammatory bowel disease caused by Mycobacterium subsp. paratuberculosis?

Johne's disease

It is the causative agent of Johne's disease (Inflammatory bowel disease) in cattle, sheep, and goats.

Mycobacterium subsp. paratuberculosis

Mycobacterium subsp. paratuberculosis is also isolated from bowel mucosa of patients with ____________.

Crohn's disease

It is a very slow grower which may take 3-18 months for primary isolation.

Mycobacterium subsp. paratuberculosis

What is the growth factor of Mycobacterium subsp. Paratuberculosis?

Mycobactin

What is the other name for Mycobacterium kansasii?

Yellow bacillus

It is second to M. avium as the cause of NTM lung disease (chronic cavitary pulmonary lesions) In humans.

Mycobacterium kansasii

100

A beautiful lady name Nurhaliza accidentally viewed a microscope and she sees long rods with distinct cross-banding ("shepherd's crook) with some cording. What do you think is the bacteria she have seen?

Mycobacterium kansasii

Translation(Pre-finals)

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 55問 · 2年前

Translation(Pre-finals)