Sporozoa(Prefinals)

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 55問 · 2年前

通報

問題一覧

Who is the person which Genus Eimeria is named after?

Theodor Eimer

Coccidia is under what genus?

Elmeria

They have no definite organelle for locomotion

Sporozoa

They require host/obligately parasitic

Sporozoa

Sexual reproduction in mosquito

Sporogenic

asexual reproduction in men

Schizogenic

Male sporozoa

Microgametocyte

Female Sporozoa

Macrogametocyte

Contains 2 sporozoites per sporocyst and affects animals.

Elmeria

Contain 4 sporozoites per sporocyst

Isospora

The oocysts are excreted into the environment in this phase.

Exogenous phase

Where does the Endogenous phase of Genus Eimeria takes place?

Intestine

In this phase, several rounds of asexual reproduction or schizogony takes place.

Endogenous phase

Transmission of Genus Eimeria

Oral-fecal route

A communicable disease characterized by chills, fever, sweating, headache caused by the presence in the blood of a single celled parasite belonging to the genus Plasmodium.

Malaria

Nauseated, vomiting (chronic cases) abdominal pain, headache, chilling, and fever.

Plasmodium vivax

6 months- 1yr life span

Plasmodium falciparum

Presence of parasites in the brain

Malignant malariae

A protozoan disease caused by the members of the genus Plasmodium & transmitted by the bite of the Anopheles mosquito

Malaria

Malaria is transmitted through the bite of ____________?

Anopheles mosquito

3 demons that causes Malaria

Stove, Hammer, Water

Stove

Fever dust

Hammer

Headache

Water

Perspiration

Consecutive Paroxysms or Malaria attack

Cold stage, Hot stage, Sweat, Apyrixial interval

Chilling, loss of appetite, goose flesh, convulsion in children w/c lasts for 1-2 hours. Temp is going up.

Cold stage

Sensation of great heat, restlessness, pulse is full; pounding, vomiting, pressure gone down, intense headache, dry skin, w/c lasts for 2-4 hours.

Hot stage

Profuse sweating gradually, temp goes down, less intense headache w/c lasts for 2-5 hrs, patient feels exhausted until falls asleep.

Sweat

Duration of Falciparum infection

12 hours to 1 day

Duration of Malariae

60 hours

Principal & most common malaria vector

Female Anopheles Minimus flavirostris mosquito

Secondary transmitter of malaria found in the forest are of Mindoro & Negros Occ.

Anopheles Mangyanus

Transmitter of malaria in coastal areas of the sulu island

Anopheles litoralis

Factors of Malaria Transmission

Seed, Sower, Soil

DDT

Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane

Other Edpidemiological Factors of Malaria transmission

Temperature, Relative humidity, Rainfall

Below 15 degress Celsius & above 32 degrees Celsius. Optimum temperature=26°C -27°C.

Temperature

In falciparum, when does Gametocytes develop?

9 days after

Low relative humidity shortens the life of the mosquito

Relative humidity

It modifies the temperature & increases the relative humidity

Rainfall

Mamalian subgenera of Malaria

P. Plasmodiun, P. Vinckeia, P. Laverania

Type species malariae w/large erythrocytes schizonts & round gametocyte occurring on parasite.

P.Plasmodium

Type species bubalis with small erythrocytic schizonts & round gametocytes occurring on rodents & other mammals except primates.

P.Vinckeia

Type species falciparum with large erythrocytic schizonts & round gametocytes occurring in antilopes, rodents & other mammals except primates.

P. Laverania

early undivided asexual parasites

Trophozoite

All adult asexual forms with 2 or more divisions of the nucleus

Schizont

All adult asexual forms with 2 or more divisions of the nucleus

Mature Schizonts

Product of segmentation of either a live shizont or an erythrocytic shizont. They may be separated from, or continues in the original schizont

Merozites

Liver stages in man.

Exo-erythrocytic

the union of male and female gametes in sexual reproduction to form the zygote

Fertilization

the product of the union of the male and female gametes

Zygote

reserved manifestation of malaria infection separated from previous manifestation of the same infection by an interval greater than those due to the normal periodicity of the paroxysms

Relapse

sexual forms developing and reaching maturity in the host's red blood cells.

Gametocytes

all stages of the parasite found within RBC

Erythrocytic

infective forms resulting from the ultimate division of the oocyst in the mosquito

Sporozoites

develops from the fertilized gamete located between the lining cells of the mosquito's stomach

Oocysts

the pigment found in growing and fully developed parasites

Hematin

the red staining nuclear material of the parasite

Chromatin

bluish staining protoplasm of the parasite

Cytoplasm

extrusion and liberation of microgametes (flagella) by male gametraytes

Exflagellation

Most common in Malarial spp in the Philippines

Plasmodium falciparum

Caused by schizont

Malignant/celebral malaria

Symptom of P. falciparum

Insanity

Duration of infection of P. falciparum

6 months to 1 year

Causes relapse/ renewed manifestation of previous infection

Plasmodium vivax

Duration of P. vivax

1 year to 5 years

Rare seen in Palawan and tawitawi

Plasmodium malariae

Duration of P. malariae

10 years to lifetime

Malarial specie that is found only in Africa

Plasmodium ovale

Duration of P. ovale

1 year to 5 years

Preventive measures for Malaria

Avoid exposure at night time, Use mosquito repellant, Use protective clothing, Use insecticide spray, Use mosquito nets, Environmental management

Normal flight range of Anopheles mosquito

2 kilometers per hour

Flight range of mosquito in typhoon

8 miles or more

Mode of transmission of Malarial species

Bite of the Anopheles mosquito, Blood transfusion

Biting time of House mosquito

6 pm to 6 am

Biting time of vector mosquitos

8 pm to 4 am

Different symptoms of P. falciparum

Severe headache, Fever, Chilling, Body malaise, No appetite, Pale, Insanity

Main symptoms of P. vivax

Nausea, Vomiting

Gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum are commonly called as?

Cresents

the youngest trophozoites of each species are commonly called as

Rings

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