Neisseria Part 1

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 55問 · 2年前

通報

問題一覧

What are the genus under the Neisseriaceae family?

Kingella, Eikenella, Simonsiella, Alysiella

It is an oxidase-positive bacterium, sometimes mistaken for Neisseria

Moraxella

Neisseria grows best in media with ________ and _____________.

Blood, Cholesterol

How does Neisseria looks like under the microscope?

Gram-negative diplococci ( coffee or kidney bean-shaped) except for N. elongate, N. bacilliformis and N. weaver (rod-shaped)

•Obligate anaerobe, non-motile and non-haemolytic •Fastidious, capnophilic and grow optimally in a moist temperature •Carbohydrate fermenters •Grows best in media with blood and cholesterol •Sensitive to heat and drying.

Neisseria

What are the species of Neisseria wich have non-pigmented colonies?

Neisseria flava, Neisseria flavescens, Neisseria subflava

How does Neisseria look like in culture media?

Colonies appear small, grayish-white, opaque, convex and glistening

What are human pathogens among the species of Neisseria?

Neisseria gonorrhoea, Neisseria meningitidis

Why will Neisseria gonorrhoea not be recovered in blood culture?

Because of Sodium polyanethole sulfonate

It is the most important factor in the laboratory diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoea

Specimen collection and handling

In the specimen collection and handling of Neisseria, swabs should be placed in a transport media (Amies medium with charcoal) and plate within ___________.

6 hours

What are the General Biochemical tests for Neisseria?

Carbohydraye utilization test, Oxidase test, Superoxol test, Dnase test

It is the standard method of identifying N. gonorrhoea. Detects acid reduction from glucose, maltose, lactose,fructose and sucrose.

Carbohydrate utilization test

pH indicator for Carbohydrate utilization test

Phenol red

• Cystine trypticase agar (CTA) with 1% carbohydrate • pH indicator; Phenol red • (+) result: yellow collor within 24 to 72 hours incubation

Carbohydrate utilization test

What is the positive result for Carbohydrate utilization test?

Yellow collor within 24 to 72 hours incubation

What is the reagent used for Oxidase test?

1% tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride

• reagent is 1% tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride •(+) result: Purple color within 10 seconds

Oxidase test

What is the positive result for Oxidase test?

Purple color within 10 seconds

•reagent is 20% to 30% H202 •(+) result: Vigorous bubbling

Superoxol test

What is the reagent used in Superoxol test?

20% to 30% H2O2

What is the positive result for Superoxol test?

Vigorous bubbling

•Culture medium is Dnase agar with methyl green •(+) result: clear halo around the colonies after 18 to 24 hours incubation. •Moraxella catarrhalis secretes Dnase which signifies positive reaction while Neisseria gives a negative reaction

Dnase test

What is culture medium used in Dnase test?

Dnase agar with methyl green

What is the positive result for Dnase test?

Clear halo around the colonies after 18 to 24 hours incubation

What is Principal virulence factor of Neisseria gonorrhoea?

The common pili

How does Neisseria gonorrhoae look in Culture media?

CAP-colonies appear small, tan-colored, translucent, and raised

• Not a human microbiota but only humans are the only known host. Leading cause of sexually transmitted diseases • Found in the urogenital tract, anorectal area, oropharynx and conjunctiva • Can be transmitted by an infected mother to a newborn during birth • Glucose fermenters

Neisseria gonorrhoea

Where can Neisseria gonorrhoea be found?

Urogenital tract, Anorectal area, Oropharynx, Conjunctiva

Also known as Gonococcus

Neisseria gonorrhoea

What are the related Infections and Diseases to Neisseria gonorrhoea?

Gonorrhea, Purulent urethritis (men) and cervicitis(women), Pharyngitis, Anorectal infections (Rectal gonorrhea), Conjunctivitis (Opthalmia neonaturum), Purulent arthritis

How long is the incubation period of Gonorrhea?

Between 2 to 7 days

What are the Symptoms of Gonorrhea?

Purulent discharge, Lower abdominal pain for men, Vaginal bleeding for women

What are sites of infection of Gonorrhea

Endocervix, Conjunctiva, Pharyngeal surface, Anorectal area, Urethra

Gonorrhea originates from the greek words "gonos", wich means ______ and "rhoia", which means _______

Seed, Flux

•acute pyogenic infection of non-ciliated, columnar, and transitional epithelium •maybe asymptomatic among females •sites of infection are the endocervix, conjunctiva, pharyngeal surface, anorectal area, or urethra •incubation period is between two to seven days •symptoms may include purulent discharge, lower abdominal pain for men, and vaginal bleeding for woman

Gonorrhea

It may cause sterility and perihepatitis (Fitz- Hugh-Curtis syndrome)

Untreated gonococcal cervicitis

It is the chief complaint in symptomatic oropharyngeal infections

Pharyngitis

It causes rectal pain and a bloody stool.

Anorectal infections (rectal gonorrhoea)

It is a gonococcal eye infection acquired by newborns during normal delivery through an infected birth canal

Conjunctivitis (opthalmia neonatorum)

What are the specimens used in the Laboratory diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoea?

Pus secretion from the:, Urethra, Cervix, Prostrate, Rectal mocusa, Throat, Joint fluid

What are the Laboratory diagnosis method used for Neisseria gonorrhoea?

Gram stain, Culture media (For confirmation), Immunologic test, Molecular assays, Antimicrobial susceptibility test

Appearance of Neisseria gonorrhoea in Gram stain

Intracellular Gram-negative diplococci, coffee-or kidney bean-shaped

True/False: In gram staining of N. gonorrhoea, Smears should be prepared from urogenital specimens not from pharyngeal specimens.

True

What are culture media used in Neisseria gonorrhoea?

CAP, TMA, MTM, ML, NYC, GC-Lect

In culture media of N. gonorrhea, ____________________ at bedside is optimal.

Direct inoculation

What does not grow on BAP?

Neisseria gonorrhoea

•chocolate agar with an enrichment supplement IsoVitaleX and antibiotics • Antimicrobial agents are vancomycin, colistin, and nystatin •N.meningitidis, N. lactamica, and N. flavescens

Thayer-martin agar (TMA)

What are the antimicrobial agents of the Thayer-martin agar?

Vancomycin, Colistin, Nystatin

It has all TMA components and trimethoprim lactate

Modified Thayer Martin (MTM) agar

•It contains all MTM agar components except nystatin which is substituted by anisomycin •It has an increased vancomycin concentration

Martin-Lewis (ML) medium

•It is a transparent medium with lysed horse blood and yeast dialysate •It contains all MTM components and amphotericin B •It can also grow genital mycoplasma ( Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum)

New York City (NYC) medium

It contains the same NYC antibiotics and lincomycin

GC- Lect medium

What does JEMBEC stands for?

John E Martin Biological Environmental Chamber

Give out examples of Transport media

Transgrow, Cary Blair, Amies, JEMBEC system

•It employs monoclonal antibodies for bacterial identification •It does not require pure or viable organisms and can be performed on primary plates

Immunologic test

•This test is highly specific and sensitive • Uses monoclonal antibodies that recognize epitopes on the principal outer membrane protein of N. gonorrhoea

Fluorescent antibody test (FAT)

Two types of test under the Immunologic test

Fluorescent antibody test (FAT), Coagglutination

•Uses monoclonal antibodies to identify the gonococci •(+) result: Exhibits agglutination

Coagglutination

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