Seminalysis Part 1

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 55問 · 2年前

通報

問題一覧

Thick, viscous fluid secreted by male and their ejaculation during the height of sexual intercourse.

Semen

It is usually performed as a part of comprehensive infertility investigation involving both partners of barren marriage

Seminalysis

What are the purpose of Seminalysis/Importance of Seminal Fluid study?

1) To investigate the causes of infertility in marriage 2) To check the effectiveness of vasectomy 3) To determine if a male can be a father 4) Support or disapprove denial paternity 5) For medico-legal

To investigate the causes of infertility in marriage, what are the chief points to be observed?

The number & the motility of the spermatozoa.

What are the fluids from the Seminal Vesicles?

1) Fructose 2) Citric acid 3) Potassium 4) Ascorbic acid 5) Ergothioneine

This fluid from the seminal vesicle contains a high concentration of fructose.

Ergothioneine

What are the fluids from the prostrate gland?

1) Citric acid 2) Acid phosphatase 3) Proteolytic enzymes

An enzyme chiefly responsible for the coagulation & liquefaction of semen.

Proteolytic enzyme

What are the methods of collection of Semen?

Self-production or Masturbation, Condom collection, Interrupted Coitus or Coitus Interruptus, Aspiration from the vaginal vault

Best method of collection because there is no use of any lubricant which may cause contamination and of course the entire volume can be collected.

Self-production or Masturbation

- Amount is reduced and contaminated - Rubber tubing is used for prophylactic purposes. - If to be used for collection, it should be washed first and dried before using. This is to eliminate the spermicidal and bactericidal powder or substances in the condom.

Condom Collection

In Condom collection, ___________ is used for prophylactic purposes.

Rubber tubing

- Interrupt sexual contact - Reduced amount with contamination

Interrupted Coitus or Coitus Interruptus

This method of collection is erroneous

Aspiration from Vaginal Vault

Semen production takes place in these organs

Testes, Epididymis, Ductus deferens (Vas Deferens), Seminal Vesicles, Prostrate Gland, Bulbourethral Glands

Bulbourethral Glands is also known as what?

Cowper's Glands

- Produces 5% of the entire volume of the semen - contain the seminiferous tubules - Sertoli cells provide support and nutrients for the germ cells as they undergo mitosis and meiosis (spermatogenesis). - When spermatogenesis is complete, the immature sperm (nonmotile) enter the epididymis Seminiferous tubules of testes → SPERMATOGENESIS

Testes

Where does Spermatogenesis takes place?

Testes

It provide support and nutrients for the germ cells as they undergo mitosis and meiosis (spermatogenesis).

Sertoli cells

What does the testes contains which has a big role in spermatogenesis?

Seminiferous tubules

This is where sperm maturation occurs and sperm develop a flagella. They remain stored (Storage) in here until ejaculation.

Epididymis

It propels the sperm to the ejaculatory ducts.

Ductus Deferens (Vas Deferens)

-Produces 60-70% of the entire volume of the semen (Produce the majority of the fluid present in semen) - Provide nutrients for sperm and fluid.

Seminal vesicles

It metabolize the fructose for the energy needed for the flagella to propel them through the female reproductive tract.

Spermatozoa

In the absence of ___________, sperm do not display motility in the semen analysis.

Fructose

It makes up 20-30% of the entire volume of the semen, it provide enzymes and proteins for coagulation and liquefaction

Prostrate gland

Where is the Prostrate gland located?

Below the bladder, surrounds the upper urethra

Where are the Bulbourethral glands located?

Below the Prostrate gland

It makes up 5% of the entire volume of semen and it adds alkaline mucus to neutralize prostatic acid and vaginal acidity.

Bulbourethral glands (Cowper's gland)

What does the Bulbourethral glands adds that neutralize prostatic acid and vaginal acidity?

Alkaline mucus

What are the method for Seminal banking?

1. Preserved in FROZEN state 2. Stored for 1 year 3. 85°C below zero

Specimens are collected following a period of sexual abstinence from _ to _ days; not longer than _ days.

2, 3, 5

True/False: Specimens collected following prolonged abstinence tend to have higher volumes and decreased motility.

True

Why are ordinary condoms not acceptable?

Because they have spermicidal properties.

When should you start the seminalysis?

If Liquefaction occurs

True/False: First ejaculation produces the greates number of sperm.

True

Specimens awaiting analysis should be kept at ______.

37°C

The sperm specimen is collected in a room provided by the lab. However, if this is not appropriate, the specimen should be kept at room temp. and delivered to the laboratory ______________________.

Within 1 hour of collection

What are the parameters of Semen Analysis?

Appearance, Volume, Viscosity, pH, Sperm Concentration and Count, Motility, Morphology

What is the Normal Color(appearance) of semen?

• Gray-white/Pearly white • Appears translucent • Slightly yellow tinge due to flavor content

What does Red coloration in semen indicates?

Presence of red blood cells (RBCs) in sperm.

What does Yellow coloration in semen indicates?

It is caused by urine contamination, prolonged abstinence, and medications.

What is the odor of semen?

Musty odor, Others: - Distinct odor - Spermatic odor - Clorox-like odor - Acrid odor

What does 'white turbidity' in semen indicates?

Presence of WBCs and infection within the reproductive tract

What do you call immature sperm?

Spermatids

This test may be useful to screen for the presence of WBCs in semen.

Leukocyte esterase reagent strip test

_________ is toxic to sperm, thereby affecting the evaluation of motility

Urine

A fresh semen specimen is clotted, and should liquefy within ______________ after collection.

30 to 60 minutes

If after 2 hours the specimen has not liquified, proteolytic enzymes such as _________________ may be added to allow the rest of the analysis to be performed.

Alpha-chymotrypsin

Failure of liquefaction to occur may be caused by a _________________ and should be reported.

Deficiency in prostatic enzymes

What is the normal volume of seminal fluid?

2-5 ml

Volume of seminal fluid is affected by either:

1) Psychological – attraction, response of women. 2) Physiological – abnormalities in genitalia

How can the volume of semen be measured?

It can be measured by pouring the specimen into a clean graduated cylinder calibrated in 0.1-mL increments. • High Volume → extended abstinence. • Low Volume → associated with infertility & may indicate improper functioning of one of the semen-producing organs, primarily the seminal vesicles.

It refers to the consistency of the fluid and may be related to specimen liquefaction

Specimen viscosity

How does noncompletely liquefied specimens appears like?

Clumped & highly viscous.

Droplets with threads longer that 2 cm indicates what?

Highly viscous

Increased viscosity and incomplete liquefaction affects what?

Sperm motility

What is the normal concentration of Sperm?

Greater than 20 million/ml

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