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1
What are the laboratory diagnosis for Pseudomonas?
Gram stain Culture Biochemical test Phage typing
2
Burkholderia pseudomallei is isolated from where?
Muddy soil Rice paddies
3
Glucose-oxidizing, non-haemolytic strains
Acinetobacter baumannii
4
What are the specimens used for the Laboratory Diagnosis of Pseudomonas?
Blood Wound discharge Sputum Sterile fluids
5
What is the biochemical test for Burkholderia mallei?
Oxidase production is variable
6
BAP – have spreading growth, flat, metallic sheen, have a blue-green or red brown color; grape-like or corn tortilla odor
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
7
You viewed the microscope and you saw a Short to medium sized Gram-negative straight rods
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
8
In what media does Pseudomonas normally grow?
Primary media like MAC and BAP
9
One of the most common causes of Gram-negative bacillary bacteremia. And the causative agent of ecthyma gangrenosum, swimmer’s ear, and Jacuzzi syndrome (necrotizing skin rash)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
10
What are included in the Pseudomonas non- fluorescent group?
Pseudomonas stutzeri Pseudomonas alcaligenes Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes Pseudomonas mendocina Pseudomonas luteola Pseudomonas oryzihabitans
11
What are the species of Burkholderia?
Burkholderia cepacia Burholderia mallei Burkholderia pseudomallei Burkholderia gladioli
12
They are the second most commonly isolated non-fermentative, Gram-negative bacillus and Isolated from hospital equipment ( catheters and humidifiers).
Acinetobacter
13
TSIA reaction for Pseudomonas species
K/N or K/K
14
Describe the flagella of Burkholderia pseudomallei
Motile with polar tuft of flagella
15
READ!!! DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS OF Pseudomonas aeruginosa a. (+) growth at 42 deg.cent b. (+) acetamide and citrate utilization both reactions produce blue color c. (+) gluconate production d. (+) arginine dihydrolase (ADH)
.
16
What are the related infection with Burkholderia cepacia?
Pneumonia in patients with cystic fibrosis
17
They are isolated from blood products, cosmetics, hospital equipment, urine, and respiratory specimens
Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens
18
It is used to differentiate Enterobacteriaceae from Pseudomonas
Oxidative-fermentative test
19
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the causitive agent of what infection/disease?
Ecthyma gangrenosum Swimmer's ear Jacuzzi syndrome
20
It is a severe infection that affects horses and donkeys
Glanders or farcy disease
21
What is the Ph indicator for Oxidative- Fermentative test?
Andrade's acid fuchsin
22
What is the mode of acquisition of Burkholderia pseudomallei?
By inhalation of contaminated debris or direct inoculation through damaged skin or mucous membranes
23
What is the culture media for Burkholderia pseudomallei?
Ashdow medium with colistin
24
They are plump, Gram-negative coccobacilli appears in pairs under the microscope
Acinetobacter
25
Also known as Morax-Axenfeld bacillus
Moraxella lacunata
26
Acid production of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is from?
Maltose
27
What is the differential test of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida?
Gelatin hydrolysis (+) Pseudomonas fluorescens
28
-Opportunistics pathogens commonly found in water, soil, plants, vegetables, food,and hospital surfaces -Can withstand treatments of chlorhexidine and quaternary ammonium compounds -Isolated from nebulizers, dialysate fluids, salines, catheters and hospital devices
Non-fermentative Gram-negative Bacilli
29
-Ferment carbohydrates by oxidative methods -Acid production is absent in oxidative-fermentative (OF) media if it is overlaid with mineral oil.
Non-fermentative Gram-negative Bacillli
30
What are the related infections with Acinetobacter?
UTI Pneumonia Endocarditis Meningitis Cellulitis
31
Greek word malthum means
Malt
32
TSIA reaction of Pseudomonas
K/K, (-) gas, (-) H2S
33
What is the medium used in Oxidative- Fermentative test?
Hugh and Leifson medium with 1% carbohydrate and bromthymol blue
34
What is the unique characteristics of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida?
They cannot reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas
35
Biochemical test and results for Pseudomonas
Oxidase(+) Catalase (+) Non-Lactose fermenters
36
This media promotes pigment production
Sellers medium
37
Jacuzzi syndrome is also known as what?
Necrotizing skin rash
38
What are the two species Shuwenella?
Shuwenella putrefaciens Shuwenella algae
39
They are generally non-pathogenic and are acquired through contact with heavily contaminated medical devices
Burkholderia
40
It allows the identification of bacteria by testing their vulnerability to bacterial viruses (bacteriophage)
Phage typing
41
What are the biochemical tests and result for Burholderia gladioli?
Catalase(+) Urease(+)
42
It is a potential bioterrorism agent
Burkholderia mallei Burkholderia pseudomallei
43
-Most commonly isolated species in clinical specimens -Most commonly encountered Gram-negative bacterium that is not a member of the Enterobacteriaceae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
44
What are the Non-fermentative Gram-negative Bacilli?
Pseudomonas Acinobacter Stenotrophomonas Buckholderia Alcaligenes faecalis Oligella Moraxella lacunata Chromobacterium violacium Shewanella putrefaciens
45
Where does Burkholderia grows well on?
BAP MAC CAP
46
Non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli can be isolated from what?
Nebulizers Dialysate fluids Salines Catheters Hospital devices
47
What are under the Pseudomonas non-fluorescent group?
Pseudomonas stutzeri Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes
48
-Third most commonly isolated non-fermentative, Gram-negative bacillus -Can contaminate blood-drawing equipment and disinfectants
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
49
It is a plant pathogen which resembles Burkholderia cepacia
Burkholderia gladioli
50
It is a glanders-like disease cause by Burkholderia pseudomallei
Melioidosis
51
What are the pigments that are produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Pyoverdin Pyocyanin Pyorubin Pyomelanin
52
non-glucose-oxidizing, haemolytic strains
Acinetobacter haemolyticus
53
Burkholderia cepacia are isolated from what?
Anesthetics Nebulizers Detergents Disinfectants
54
It is recovered from the blood and tissue of immunocompromised patients, particulary CF patients who had a lung transplant
Burkholderia gladioli
55
They have yellow green or yellow brown colonies
Pseudomonas fluorescens
56
Acinetobacter belongs to what family?
Moraxellaceae
57
Greek word philia means
Affinity
58
Non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli can be found in?
Water Soil Plants Vegetables Food Hospital surfaces
59
Describe the appearance of Acinetobacter in MAC
Exhibits purple color
60
Explain the significance of Exotoxin A
It is the most important exotoxin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, they block protein synthesis in the host cell.
61
Yellow-green or yellow brown pigment
Pyoverdin
62
Red pigment
Pyorubin
63
Non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli can withstand treatments of ____________ and __________________________.
Chlorhexidine quaternary ammonium compounds
64
Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida are isolated from what?
Blood products Cosmetics Hospital equipment Urine Respiratory specimens
65
Brown or Black pigment
Pyomelanin
66
Describe Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in MAC
Exhibits blue color
67
Agent of melioidosis, which is a glanders-like disease
Burkholderia pseudomallei
68
They have been linked to transfusion- associated septicaemia
Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida
69
Jobert was examining the BAP, and he noticed that it have a ‘fruity” odor similar to that of apple or strawberries. What is the bacteria?
Alcaligenes faecalis
70
What are under the Pseudomonas fluorescent group?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas fluorescens Pseudomonas putida Pseudomonas veronii Pseudomonas monteilii Pseudomonas mosselii
71
What are used in the culture of Stenotrophomonas matrophilia?
BAP MAC
72
Pseudomonas can be found in where?
Cosmetics Swimming pools Hot tubs Inner parts of the shoes
73
Blue pigment
Pyocyanin
74
It is one of the most common causes of Gram-negative bacillary bacteremia.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
75
Etiologic agent of lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients. And It causes hospital-acquired infection that are related to antibiotic resistance
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
76
You are observing the BAP and you saw a colony exhibit lavender-green to light purple pigmentation and an odor similar to that of ammonia
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
77
Acinetobacter is isolated from what?
Hospital equipment ( catheters and humidifiers)
78
Biochemical test and result for Acinetobacter
Catalase(+) Oxidase(-)
79
What are the culture media utilized in laboratory diagnosis of Pseudomonas?
BAP MAC Sellers medium Cetrimide agar
80
They have been linked to transfusion-associated septicemia
Pseudomonas fluorescens Pseudomonas putida
81
Describe the motility and flagella of Burkholderia gladioli
Motile by means of one or two polar flagella
82
Agent of glanders or farcy disease, a severe infection that affects horses and donkeys
Burkholderia mallei
83
Most species of Non-fermentative Bacilli secretes what?
Oxidase
84
They are isolated from anesthetics, nebulizers, detergents, and disinfectants
Burkholderia cepacia
85
What is the oxygen barrier in Oxidative- Fermentative test?
Mineral oil
86
What are the Biochemical test for Burkholderia cepacia?
Weakly positive oxidase reaction LPG(+) ONPG(+)
87
-Motile with polar tuft of flagella -Isolated from muddy soil and rice paddies
Burkholderia pseudomallei
88
Burkholderia gladioli are found in patients with ___ and _______.
CF CGD
89
What are the species of the genus Acinetobacter?
Acinobacter baumannii Acinobacter iwoffii Acinetobacter haemolyticus
90
What are the virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Endotoxin Pili, capsule, flagella, phospholipases, type III secretion system and several exotoxin Proteases, hemolysins, lecithinase, elastase and Dnase Exotoxin A
91
Non- glucose-oxidizing, non-haemolytic strains
Acinetobacter lwoffii
92
They have the a characteristic macroscopic appearance of wrinkled, leathery, adherent colonies that may produce a light yellow or brown pigment
Pseudomonas stutzeri