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問題一覧
1
It is used to differentiate Enterobacteriaceae from Pseudomonas
Oxidative-fermentative test
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-Opportunistics pathogens commonly found in water, soil, plants, vegetables, food,and hospital surfaces -Can withstand treatments of chlorhexidine and quaternary ammonium compounds -Isolated from nebulizers, dialysate fluids, salines, catheters and hospital devices
Non-fermentative Gram-negative Bacilli
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-Ferment carbohydrates by oxidative methods -Acid production is absent in oxidative-fermentative (OF) media if it is overlaid with mineral oil.
Non-fermentative Gram-negative Bacillli
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Most species of Non-fermentative Bacilli secretes what?
Oxidase
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What is the oxygen barrier in Oxidative- Fermentative test?
Mineral oil
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What is the Ph indicator for Oxidative- Fermentative test?
Andrade's acid fuchsin
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What is the medium used in Oxidative- Fermentative test?
Hugh and Leifson medium with 1% carbohydrate and bromthymol blue
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In what media does Pseudomonas normally grow?
Primary media like MAC and BAP
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Biochemical test and results for Pseudomonas
Oxidase(+) Catalase (+) Non-Lactose fermenters
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TSIA reaction of Pseudomonas
K/K, (-) gas, (-) H2S
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What are under the Pseudomonas non-fluorescent group?
Pseudomonas stutzeri Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes
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What are under the Pseudomonas fluorescent group?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas fluorescens Pseudomonas putida Pseudomonas veronii Pseudomonas monteilii Pseudomonas mosselii
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-Most commonly isolated species in clinical specimens -Most commonly encountered Gram-negative bacterium that is not a member of the Enterobacteriaceae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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BAP – have spreading growth, flat, metallic sheen, have a blue-green or red brown color; grape-like or corn tortilla odor
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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It is one of the most common causes of Gram-negative bacillary bacteremia.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Etiologic agent of lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients. And It causes hospital-acquired infection that are related to antibiotic resistance
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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One of the most common causes of Gram-negative bacillary bacteremia. And the causative agent of ecthyma gangrenosum, swimmer’s ear, and Jacuzzi syndrome (necrotizing skin rash)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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What are the pigments that are produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Pyoverdin Pyocyanin Pyorubin Pyomelanin
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Yellow-green or yellow brown pigment
Pyoverdin
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Blue pigment
Pyocyanin
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Red pigment
Pyorubin
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Brown or Black pigment
Pyomelanin
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READ!!! DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS OF Pseudomonas aeruginosa a. (+) growth at 42 deg.cent b. (+) acetamide and citrate utilization both reactions produce blue color c. (+) gluconate production d. (+) arginine dihydrolase (ADH)
.
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They are isolated from blood products, cosmetics, hospital equipment, urine, and respiratory specimens
Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens
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They have been linked to transfusion- associated septicaemia
Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida
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What is the differential test of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida?
Gelatin hydrolysis (+) Pseudomonas fluorescens
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What are the specimens used for the Laboratory Diagnosis of Pseudomonas?
Blood Wound discharge Sputum Sterile fluids
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What are the laboratory diagnosis for Pseudomonas?
Gram stain Culture Biochemical test Phage typing
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It allows the identification of bacteria by testing their vulnerability to bacterial viruses (bacteriophage)
Phage typing
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They have yellow green or yellow brown colonies
Pseudomonas fluorescens
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What are the culture media utilized in laboratory diagnosis of Pseudomonas?
BAP MAC Sellers medium Cetrimide agar
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This media promotes pigment production
Sellers medium
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TSIA reaction for Pseudomonas species
K/N or K/K
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Acinetobacter belongs to what family?
Moraxellaceae
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They are the second most commonly isolated non-fermentative, Gram-negative bacillus and Isolated from hospital equipment ( catheters and humidifiers).
Acinetobacter
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They are plump, Gram-negative coccobacilli appears in pairs under the microscope
Acinetobacter
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Describe the appearance of Acinetobacter in MAC
Exhibits purple color
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Biochemical test and result for Acinetobacter
Catalase(+) Oxidase(-)
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What are the related infections with Acinetobacter?
UTI Pneumonia Endocarditis Meningitis Cellulitis
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What are the species of the genus Acinetobacter?
Acinobacter baumannii Acinobacter iwoffii Acinetobacter haemolyticus
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Glucose-oxidizing, non-haemolytic strains
Acinetobacter baumannii
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Non- glucose-oxidizing, non-haemolytic strains
Acinetobacter lwoffii
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non-glucose-oxidizing, haemolytic strains
Acinetobacter haemolyticus
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-Third most commonly isolated non-fermentative, Gram-negative bacillus -Can contaminate blood-drawing equipment and disinfectants
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
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Greek word malthum means
Malt
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Greek word philia means
Affinity
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Acid production of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is from?
Maltose
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You viewed the microscope and you saw a Short to medium sized Gram-negative straight rods
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
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What are used in the culture of Stenotrophomonas matrophilia?
BAP MAC
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Describe Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in MAC
Exhibits blue color
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You are observing the BAP and you saw a colony exhibit lavender-green to light purple pigmentation and an odor similar to that of ammonia
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
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They are generally non-pathogenic and are acquired through contact with heavily contaminated medical devices
Burkholderia
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Where does Burkholderia grows well on?
BAP MAC CAP
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What are the species of Burkholderia?
Burkholderia cepacia Burholderia mallei Burkholderia pseudomallei Burkholderia gladioli
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They are isolated from anesthetics, nebulizers, detergents, and disinfectants
Burkholderia cepacia
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What are the Biochemical test for Burkholderia cepacia?
Weakly positive oxidase reaction LPG(+) ONPG(+)
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What are the related infection with Burkholderia cepacia?
Pneumonia in patients with cystic fibrosis
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It is a potential bioterrorism agent
Burkholderia mallei Burkholderia pseudomallei
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Agent of glanders or farcy disease, a severe infection that affects horses and donkeys
Burkholderia mallei
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What is the biochemical test for Burkholderia mallei?
Oxidase production is variable
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Agent of melioidosis, which is a glanders-like disease
Burkholderia pseudomallei
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-Motile with polar tuft of flagella -Isolated from muddy soil and rice paddies
Burkholderia pseudomallei
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Describe the flagella of Burkholderia pseudomallei
Motile with polar tuft of flagella
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What is the mode of acquisition of Burkholderia pseudomallei?
By inhalation of contaminated debris or direct inoculation through damaged skin or mucous membranes
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What is the culture media for Burkholderia pseudomallei?
Ashdow medium with colistin
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Jobert was examining the BAP, and he noticed that it have a ‘fruity” odor similar to that of apple or strawberries. What is the bacteria?
Alcaligenes faecalis
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Also known as Morax-Axenfeld bacillus
Moraxella lacunata
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What are the Non-fermentative Gram-negative Bacilli?
Pseudomonas Acinobacter Stenotrophomonas Buckholderia Alcaligenes faecalis Oligella Moraxella lacunata Chromobacterium violacium Shewanella putrefaciens
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What are the two species Shuwenella?
Shuwenella putrefaciens Shuwenella algae
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Explain the significance of Exotoxin A
It is the most important exotoxin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, they block protein synthesis in the host cell.
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What is the unique characteristics of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida?
They cannot reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas
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It is a plant pathogen which resembles Burkholderia cepacia
Burkholderia gladioli
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Burkholderia gladioli are found in patients with ___ and _______.
CF CGD
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It is recovered from the blood and tissue of immunocompromised patients, particulary CF patients who had a lung transplant
Burkholderia gladioli
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Describe the motility and flagella of Burkholderia gladioli
Motile by means of one or two polar flagella
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What are the biochemical tests and result for Burholderia gladioli?
Catalase(+) Urease(+)
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They have the a characteristic macroscopic appearance of wrinkled, leathery, adherent colonies that may produce a light yellow or brown pigment
Pseudomonas stutzeri
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What are included in the Pseudomonas non- fluorescent group?
Pseudomonas stutzeri Pseudomonas alcaligenes Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes Pseudomonas mendocina Pseudomonas luteola Pseudomonas oryzihabitans
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What are the virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Endotoxin Pili, capsule, flagella, phospholipases, type III secretion system and several exotoxin Proteases, hemolysins, lecithinase, elastase and Dnase Exotoxin A
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Non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli can withstand treatments of ____________ and __________________________.
Chlorhexidine quaternary ammonium compounds
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Non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli can be found in?
Water Soil Plants Vegetables Food Hospital surfaces
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Non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli can be isolated from what?
Nebulizers Dialysate fluids Salines Catheters Hospital devices
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Pseudomonas can be found in where?
Cosmetics Swimming pools Hot tubs Inner parts of the shoes
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the causitive agent of what infection/disease?
Ecthyma gangrenosum Swimmer's ear Jacuzzi syndrome
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Jacuzzi syndrome is also known as what?
Necrotizing skin rash
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Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida are isolated from what?
Blood products Cosmetics Hospital equipment Urine Respiratory specimens
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They have been linked to transfusion-associated septicemia
Pseudomonas fluorescens Pseudomonas putida
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Acinetobacter is isolated from what?
Hospital equipment ( catheters and humidifiers)
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Burkholderia cepacia are isolated from what?
Anesthetics Nebulizers Detergents Disinfectants
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It is a severe infection that affects horses and donkeys
Glanders or farcy disease
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It is a glanders-like disease cause by Burkholderia pseudomallei
Melioidosis
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Burkholderia pseudomallei is isolated from where?
Muddy soil Rice paddies