Non-Fermentative Gram-Negative Bacilli

92問 • 2年前

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It is used to differentiate Enterobacteriaceae from Pseudomonas

Oxidative-fermentative test

-Opportunistics pathogens commonly found in water, soil, plants, vegetables, food,and hospital surfaces -Can withstand treatments of chlorhexidine and quaternary ammonium compounds -Isolated from nebulizers, dialysate fluids, salines, catheters and hospital devices

Non-fermentative Gram-negative Bacilli

-Ferment carbohydrates by oxidative methods -Acid production is absent in oxidative-fermentative (OF) media if it is overlaid with mineral oil.

Non-fermentative Gram-negative Bacillli

Most species of Non-fermentative Bacilli secretes what?

Oxidase

What is the oxygen barrier in Oxidative- Fermentative test?

Mineral oil

What is the Ph indicator for Oxidative- Fermentative test?

Andrade's acid fuchsin

What is the medium used in Oxidative- Fermentative test?

Hugh and Leifson medium with 1% carbohydrate and bromthymol blue

In what media does Pseudomonas normally grow?

Primary media like MAC and BAP

Biochemical test and results for Pseudomonas

Oxidase(+) Catalase (+) Non-Lactose fermenters

TSIA reaction of Pseudomonas

K/K, (-) gas, (-) H2S

What are under the Pseudomonas non-fluorescent group?

Pseudomonas stutzeri Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes

What are under the Pseudomonas fluorescent group?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas fluorescens Pseudomonas putida Pseudomonas veronii Pseudomonas monteilii Pseudomonas mosselii

-Most commonly isolated species in clinical specimens -Most commonly encountered Gram-negative bacterium that is not a member of the Enterobacteriaceae

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

BAP – have spreading growth, flat, metallic sheen, have a blue-green or red brown color; grape-like or corn tortilla odor

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

It is one of the most common causes of Gram-negative bacillary bacteremia.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Etiologic agent of lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients. And It causes hospital-acquired infection that are related to antibiotic resistance

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

One of the most common causes of Gram-negative bacillary bacteremia. And the causative agent of ecthyma gangrenosum, swimmer’s ear, and Jacuzzi syndrome (necrotizing skin rash)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

What are the pigments that are produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Pyoverdin Pyocyanin Pyorubin Pyomelanin

Yellow-green or yellow brown pigment

Pyoverdin

Blue pigment

Pyocyanin

Red pigment

Pyorubin

Brown or Black pigment

Pyomelanin

READ!!! DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS OF Pseudomonas aeruginosa a. (+) growth at 42 deg.cent b. (+) acetamide and citrate utilization both reactions produce blue color c. (+) gluconate production d. (+) arginine dihydrolase (ADH)

They are isolated from blood products, cosmetics, hospital equipment, urine, and respiratory specimens

Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens

They have been linked to transfusion- associated septicaemia

Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida

What is the differential test of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida?

Gelatin hydrolysis (+) Pseudomonas fluorescens

What are the specimens used for the Laboratory Diagnosis of Pseudomonas?

Blood Wound discharge Sputum Sterile fluids

What are the laboratory diagnosis for Pseudomonas?

Gram stain Culture Biochemical test Phage typing

It allows the identification of bacteria by testing their vulnerability to bacterial viruses (bacteriophage)

Phage typing

They have yellow green or yellow brown colonies

Pseudomonas fluorescens

What are the culture media utilized in laboratory diagnosis of Pseudomonas?

BAP MAC Sellers medium Cetrimide agar

This media promotes pigment production

Sellers medium

TSIA reaction for Pseudomonas species

K/N or K/K

Acinetobacter belongs to what family?

Moraxellaceae

They are the second most commonly isolated non-fermentative, Gram-negative bacillus and Isolated from hospital equipment ( catheters and humidifiers).

Acinetobacter

They are plump, Gram-negative coccobacilli appears in pairs under the microscope

Acinetobacter

Describe the appearance of Acinetobacter in MAC

Exhibits purple color

Biochemical test and result for Acinetobacter

Catalase(+) Oxidase(-)

What are the related infections with Acinetobacter?

UTI Pneumonia Endocarditis Meningitis Cellulitis

What are the species of the genus Acinetobacter?

Acinobacter baumannii Acinobacter iwoffii Acinetobacter haemolyticus

Glucose-oxidizing, non-haemolytic strains

Acinetobacter baumannii

Non- glucose-oxidizing, non-haemolytic strains

Acinetobacter lwoffii

non-glucose-oxidizing, haemolytic strains

Acinetobacter haemolyticus

-Third most commonly isolated non-fermentative, Gram-negative bacillus -Can contaminate blood-drawing equipment and disinfectants

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Greek word malthum means

Malt

Greek word philia means

Affinity

Acid production of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is from?

Maltose

You viewed the microscope and you saw a Short to medium sized Gram-negative straight rods

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

What are used in the culture of Stenotrophomonas matrophilia?

BAP MAC

Describe Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in MAC

Exhibits blue color

You are observing the BAP and you saw a colony exhibit lavender-green to light purple pigmentation and an odor similar to that of ammonia

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

They are generally non-pathogenic and are acquired through contact with heavily contaminated medical devices

Burkholderia

Where does Burkholderia grows well on?

BAP MAC CAP

What are the species of Burkholderia?

Burkholderia cepacia Burholderia mallei Burkholderia pseudomallei Burkholderia gladioli

They are isolated from anesthetics, nebulizers, detergents, and disinfectants

Burkholderia cepacia

What are the Biochemical test for Burkholderia cepacia?

Weakly positive oxidase reaction LPG(+) ONPG(+)

What are the related infection with Burkholderia cepacia?

Pneumonia in patients with cystic fibrosis

It is a potential bioterrorism agent

Burkholderia mallei Burkholderia pseudomallei

Agent of glanders or farcy disease, a severe infection that affects horses and donkeys

Burkholderia mallei

What is the biochemical test for Burkholderia mallei?

Oxidase production is variable

Agent of melioidosis, which is a glanders-like disease

Burkholderia pseudomallei

-Motile with polar tuft of flagella -Isolated from muddy soil and rice paddies

Burkholderia pseudomallei

Describe the flagella of Burkholderia pseudomallei

Motile with polar tuft of flagella

What is the mode of acquisition of Burkholderia pseudomallei?

By inhalation of contaminated debris or direct inoculation through damaged skin or mucous membranes

What is the culture media for Burkholderia pseudomallei?

Ashdow medium with colistin

Jobert was examining the BAP, and he noticed that it have a ‘fruity” odor similar to that of apple or strawberries. What is the bacteria?

Alcaligenes faecalis

Also known as Morax-Axenfeld bacillus

Moraxella lacunata

What are the Non-fermentative Gram-negative Bacilli?

Pseudomonas Acinobacter Stenotrophomonas Buckholderia Alcaligenes faecalis Oligella Moraxella lacunata Chromobacterium violacium Shewanella putrefaciens

What are the two species Shuwenella?

Shuwenella putrefaciens Shuwenella algae

Explain the significance of Exotoxin A

It is the most important exotoxin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, they block protein synthesis in the host cell.

What is the unique characteristics of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida?

They cannot reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas

It is a plant pathogen which resembles Burkholderia cepacia

Burkholderia gladioli

Burkholderia gladioli are found in patients with ___ and _______.

CF CGD

It is recovered from the blood and tissue of immunocompromised patients, particulary CF patients who had a lung transplant

Burkholderia gladioli

Describe the motility and flagella of Burkholderia gladioli

Motile by means of one or two polar flagella

What are the biochemical tests and result for Burholderia gladioli?

Catalase(+) Urease(+)

They have the a characteristic macroscopic appearance of wrinkled, leathery, adherent colonies that may produce a light yellow or brown pigment

Pseudomonas stutzeri

What are included in the Pseudomonas non- fluorescent group?

Pseudomonas stutzeri Pseudomonas alcaligenes Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes Pseudomonas mendocina Pseudomonas luteola Pseudomonas oryzihabitans

What are the virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Endotoxin Pili, capsule, flagella, phospholipases, type III secretion system and several exotoxin Proteases, hemolysins, lecithinase, elastase and Dnase Exotoxin A

Non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli can withstand treatments of ____________ and __________________________.

Chlorhexidine quaternary ammonium compounds

Non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli can be found in?

Water Soil Plants Vegetables Food Hospital surfaces

Non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli can be isolated from what?

Nebulizers Dialysate fluids Salines Catheters Hospital devices

Pseudomonas can be found in where?

Cosmetics Swimming pools Hot tubs Inner parts of the shoes

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the causitive agent of what infection/disease?

Ecthyma gangrenosum Swimmer's ear Jacuzzi syndrome

Jacuzzi syndrome is also known as what?

Necrotizing skin rash

Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida are isolated from what?

Blood products Cosmetics Hospital equipment Urine Respiratory specimens

They have been linked to transfusion-associated septicemia

Pseudomonas fluorescens Pseudomonas putida

Acinetobacter is isolated from what?

Hospital equipment ( catheters and humidifiers)

Burkholderia cepacia are isolated from what?

Anesthetics Nebulizers Detergents Disinfectants

It is a severe infection that affects horses and donkeys

Glanders or farcy disease

It is a glanders-like disease cause by Burkholderia pseudomallei

Melioidosis

Burkholderia pseudomallei is isolated from where?

Muddy soil Rice paddies

Translation(Pre-finals)

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 55問 · 2年前

Translation(Pre-finals)