Non-enteric gastrointesinal Pathogens

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 55問 · 2年前

通報

問題一覧

It is also known as Comma-shape or Curved bacillus

Vibrio

Not a human microbiota, facultatively anaerobic and monotrichous organisms.

Vibrio

Where can Vibrio be found?

Brackish water Marine water Salt water

Vibrio can be isolated from what?

Algae Plankton Fish Shellfish

Vibrio are halophilic organisms except for ___________________.

V. cholerae and V. mimicus

What is the mode of acquisition of Vibrio?

Consumption of raw or undercooked seafood

What are the diseases/infections that can be caused by Vibrio?

Cholera Wound infection Septicemia Necrotizing facitiis

What are the common isolates of Vibrio?

Vibrio cholerae Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vibrio vulnificus Vibrio alginolyticus

Describe the appearance of Vibrio under the microscope

Gram-negative, short, curved, asporogenous rods.

It is the causative agent of cholera

Vibrio cholerae

What is the common cause of cholera?

Vibrio cholera O1

It is an acute diarrheal infection that is mainly spread through contaminated water sources.

Cholera

What is the hallmark of cholera?

Rice-watery stool (10-30 times of defecation per day)

V. cholerae O1 caused ____________, while non-O1 strain causes ____________.

Epidemic cholera Gastroenteritis

It is a protein toxin produced mainly by Vibrio cholerae O1 strain

Choleragen

Describe the motility of Vibrio cholerae

Has a rapid darting or “ shooting star” motility

Second most common Vibrio species that is associated with gastroenteritis

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

It was the etiologic agent of the outbreak of “summer diarrhea” in Japan in 1950

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

What is the selective medium for Vibrio parahaemolyticus?

Wagatsuma agar

Known as the “ lactose-positive” Vibrio species

Vibrio vulnificus

Second to V. cholerae as the cause of a severe Vibrio-associated infections.

Vibrio vulnificus

What are the infections caused by Vibrio vulnificus?

Septicemia Wound infection

Vibrio species that is commonly isolated and is considered as the least pathogenic to humans

Vibrio alginolyticus

Vibrio alginolyticus is a ____________ that requires a medium with 1% to 10% NaCl.

strict halophile

What are infections caused by Vibrio alginolyticus?

Eye infection Ear infection Wound infection

What are the laboratory test for Vibrio?

Gram stain Culture String test Vibriostatic test Biochemical test

What is the transport medium for the culture of vibrio?

Cary-Blair medium

What is the Enrichment media for V.cholerae?

Alkaline peptone water ( pH 8.5)

What are the Culture media used in the Laboratory diagnosis of Vibrio?

MAC CAP TCBS agar Alkaline peptone water

-Species are found in fresh, estuarine, and chlorinated water -Not part of human microbiota and glucose fermenters

Aeromonas

-Motile with single polar flagellum and facultatively anaerobic -May cause traveller’s diarrhea similar to ETEC

Aeromonas

It is the causative agent of “red leg” disease in amphibians

Aeromonas

What are the human infections caused by aeromonas?

Wound infection Septicemia Meningitis Keratitis

Give out atleast 3 species of Campylobacter

Campylobacter jejuni Campylobacter coli Campylobacter lari Campylobacter fetus Campylobacter sputorum

Give out the Enteric CAMPYLOBACTER

Campylobacter jejuni Campylobacter coli Campylobacter lari

What is the mode of acquision of Campylobacter?

Ingestion of poultry and dairy products and sexual transmission

What is the optimum temperature for the growth of Campylobacter jejuni?

It is 42 degree celsius

What is the motility of Campylobacter jejuni?

Darting motility

-They are slow-growing, fastidious and asaccharolytic organism -Has darting motility and is unable to grow with high salt concentration.

Campylobacter jejuni

Campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of what?

Bacterial gastroenteritis

-Most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis -Causes septic arthritis among AIDS patients

Campylobacter jejuni

This specie of Campylobacter causes bacteremia and is rarely associated with gastrointestinal illness

Campylobacter fetus

What are the specimens used in the laboratory diagnosis of Campylobacter?

Feces Rectal swab Blood

What are the Laboratory Diagnosis for Campylobacter?

Microscopy Culture

What is the recommended counterstain for the microscopy of Campylobacter?

Carbolfuchsin

Result of Hanging drop preparation in the laboratory diagnosis of Campylobacter

Exhibits a darting motility

What are the selective media used in in the culture of Campylobacter?

Campy-BAP Butzler agar Skirrow's medium CCDA

What is the transport medium used in the culture of Campylobacter?

Cary-Blair medium

Describe the flagella of Campylobacter

Single polar flagellum

Describe the flagella of Helicobacter

Monopolar or multi-bipolar flagella

Describe Helicobacter under the microscope

Gram-negative, helical (S- shaped) rods that resemble campylobacter

What is the routes of transmission of Helicobacter?

Oral-oral route and Fecal-oral route

Give out atleast 3 species of Helicobacter

Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter cinaedi Helicobacte fenneliae

They are found in the mucous layer of the antrum and fundus of the stomach but does not penetrate the gastric epithelium

Helicobacter pylori

What does Helicobacter pylori bind with?

Lewis antigen Monosaccharide sialic acid

What is the primary habitat of Helicobacter pylori?

Human gastric mucosa

-Major cause of type B gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric carcinoma -Found in the mucous layer of the antrum and fundus of the stomach but does not penetrate the gastric epithelium

Helicobacter pylori

These species have been isolated from the blood of patients with bacteremia and recovered from blood of homosexual males with or without HIV

Helicobacter cinaedi Helicobacter fenneliae

What are the specimens used in the laboratory diagnosis of Helicobacter?

Gastric biopsy tissue Urine Feces Dental plaque

What is the best specimen for the culture of H. pylori?

Gastric tissue

True/False: Gastric tissue in the culture of Helicobacter pylori should be maintained at 4 deg.cent and processed within 2 hours of collection

True

In the laboratory diagnosis of helicobacter, what is utilized for ammonia testing?

Urine specimen

What are the laboratory diagnosis for Helicobacter?

Gram stain Culture

What are the stains for biopsy specimen in Helicobacter?

Warthin-starry stain Giemsa

True/False: In the gram stain of Helicobacter, 0.1% basic fuchsin counterstain DOES NOT enhances morphology

False

Helicobacter pylori is susceptible to what?

Metronidazole

What are the other tests for Helicobacter aside from culture and gram stain?

Nucleic amplification Susceptibility test Urea breath test

Agar dilution using MHA with 5% sheep’s blood incubated at microaerophilic condition and read after 3 days

Susceptibility test

It is the sensitive method of detecting H. pylori

Nucleic amplification

What are the transport medium for the culture of Helicobacter?

Stuart medium Cysteine brucella broth with 20% glycerol Isotonic saline with 4% glucose

In the culture of Helicobacter, how long should the incubation be in a capnophilic environment?

Helicobacters may require more than five days of incubation in a capnophilic environment.

What are the selective media used in Helicobacter?

BAP MTM Skirrow's agar Brucella agar with 5% sheep's blood

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