What is the Family of Staphylococcus?

This family is consist of Gram positive cocci, arranged in tetrads, clusters

Greek word 'Kokkus' means

He was the first to see staphylococci in pus specimen in 1878.

He named the bacteria as "staphylococcus" in 1881

Who first observed in pus in 1871?

Who first cultured in liquid media?

He named S. aureus and S. albus in 1884

Also known as golden yellow colonies

Also known as white colonies

Also known as lemon yellow colonies

What are the 4 genera of Micrococcaceae?

Staphylococci are gram positive cocci which is classified into these 2 families:

Phylum of Staphylococci

Large Gram positive cocci, usually arranged in tetrads or in pairs

It causes honeymoon cystitis

True/False: Micrococcus is lysed with lysostaphin (sensitive).

True/False: Staphylococcus is lysed with lysostaphin (sensitive).

True/False: Micrococcus is resistant to antibiotic furazolidone.

True/False: Staphylococcus is not susceptible to antibiotic furazolidone.

True/False: Micrococcus is not susceptible to 0.04 U of bacitracin

True/False: Staphylococcus is resistant to 0.04 U of bacitracin.

True/False: Staphylococcus is microdase positive.

True/False: Micrococcus is Microdase positive

They only grow aerobically (strict aerobes).

True/False: Staphylococcus is fermentative

True/False: Micrococcus utilize sugars oxidatively or not at all in the O/F test.

The exception in staphylococci because it is an obligate anaerobe

They are Catalase-producing and facultatively anaerobic except for S. saccharolyticus.

Staphylcocci have ___ species and ___ sub species.

Staphylocci which is Coagulase positive

Staphylocci which are Coagulase negative

It is the major structural component of the cell wall. It is important in the pathogenesis of staphylococcal infections.

It is the other important of the cell wall aside the peptidoglycan layer.

A unique property of _________ is its ability to bind to the Fc part of all IgG molecules except IgG3.

Where does S. aureus grow?

It is an extensive exfoliative dermatitis that occurs primarily in newborns and previously healthy children.

It is a rare but potentially fatal, multi-system disease that is characterized by a sudden onset of fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, musche aches, and rashes, and which rapidly progresses to hypotension and shock.

It is a folliculitis affecting one or more hair follicles on the edge of the upper or lower eyelid.

It is an aggregation of infected furuncles. it may form large abscesses. It is a large are of redness, swelling and pain, punctuated by several sites of drainage pus.

It is a very superficial skin infection common in children, usually produces blisters or sores on the face, neck, hands and diaper area. It is characterized by watery bristles, which become pustules and then honey colouted crust.

It refers to the inflammation of the bone

How can bacteria get to the bone?

What are the diagnosis for Osteomyelitis

Clinical features of Osteomyelitis

Type of Coagulase

It coagulates the fibrinogen in the plasma. Promotes the formation of a fibrin layer around the staphylococci abscess thereby protecting the bacteria from phagocytosis.

It is bound to the cell wall and clots human, rabbit, or pig plasma by directly converting fibrinogen into fibrin.

It is an extracellular enzyme that is not bound to the cell wall and causes clot formation when bacterial cells are incubated with plasma.

It enhances invasion and survival in the tissue. Breaks down the hyaluronic acid that is present in the intracellular ground substances of connective tissues, resulting in the spread of bacteria.

What are the Enzymes and Toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus?

It breaks down penicillin and other B-lactam drugs. More than 90% of clinical staphylococci isolates are penicillin-resistant as a result of enzyme production.

It acts as neurotoxins that stimulate vomiting through the vagus nerve, produced by the majority of Staph. aureus isolates.

It attacks and kills white blood cells, pore forming exotoxin that suppresses phagocytosis and responsible for necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections.

What are the different types of Hemolysin?

It is less toxic than a and B-lysins, produced by all S.aureus strains that cause RBC injury in culture and produces edematous lesions.

It destroys RBC and is associated with the Panton-Valentine leukocidin.

It is a serin protease that divides the intracellular bridges of the epidermidis and causes extensive sloughing of the epidermis to produce a burn-like effect on the patient.

It is a chromosomal-mediated toxin and causes almost all cases of menstruation-associated TSS and it stimulates the production of a large amount of cytokines that are responsible for the symptoms.

What are the differential tests for Staphylococcus aureus?

What is the Anticoagualant used for Coagulase test?

What are the two method that can be used in Coagulase test?

What is the positive result for Tube method?

Other slide coagulase Staphylococcus are:

Other tube coagulase Staphylococcus are:

It is used to screen catalase positive colonies, detects cell bound coagulase or clumping factor.

It is considered sensitive but definitive method, detects extracellular or free coagulase.

What is the positive result for Mannitol fermentation test?

What is the pH indicator for Mannitol fermentation test?

It is used to differentiate the pathogenic staph. aureus From non-pathogenic ones

Staphylococcus aureus is resitant to this test