Renal Disease

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 55問 · 2年前

通報

問題一覧

What are the anatomical variations affecting the Urinary tract?

Congenital problems, Accidents, Injuries

What are the factors that can damage the kidneys or Urinary tract leaving vulnerable to infection and disease.

Congenital problems, Accidents, Injuries

What are factors that can increase the risk of acquiring UTI?

Obstruction, Foreign bodies, Presence of catheters

It is associated with urinary discomfort and frequency.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

What is the most common renal disease?

UTI

True/False: Women are more prone to UTIs than males due to short urethra.

True

It is a microscopically evidence of UTI

Increase Neutrophils

It indicates kidney infection rather than a bladder infection because casts are formed in the nephron.

WBC Casts

Where are casts formed?

Nephrons

What does WBC Casts indicates?

Kidney infection

It is the most common urinary tract obstruction.

Kidney stone

- a kidney stones, most common urinary tract obstruction. - Men are more commonly affected than women.

Urolithiasis

What are the basic types of stones?

Calcium oxalate, Calcium phosphate, Magnesium ammonium phosphate, Uric acid, Cystine

What is the manifestation of Urolithiasis?

Pain, Hematuria

It causes the HEART to work harder, it damages the overworked blood vessels throughout the body.

High blood pressure

What would happen if the blood vessels in the lungs are damaged?

The removal of nitrogenous wastes and excrss fluid stops., Increase of blood pressure

It can determine the severity of the kidney damage.

Serum creatinine exam

It is a sign of kidney damage

Increase creatinine

It is used to estimate GFR.

SC exam

What is GFR?

Glomerular Filtration Rate

____________ in urine measurement can also help assess hypertension.

Protein

Protein in urine measurement can also help assess what?

Hypertension

Finding _______ in urine is one of the key findings of kidney disease

CHON

What is CHON commonly called as?

Protein

Ankle swelling is a sign of what?

Edema

•Small blood vessels are injured when the kidney blood vessels are injured, so the kidneys cannot cleanse the blood properly. •The body retains H2O and salts which can result to weight gain and ankle swelling (edema).

Diabetes

It is an infection on the upper urinary tract.

Pyelonephritis

It is also known as "Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease".

Diabetic Nephropathy

Deposition of immune complexes formed in conjunction with group A streptococcus infection, on the glomerular membrane These may include fever; edema, most noticeably around the eyes; fatigue; hypertension; oliguria; and hematuria.

Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis (AGN)

-Deposition of immune complexes from systemic immune disorders on the glomerular membrane. -More serious form

Rapidly Progressive (Crescentic) Glomerulonephritis

An autoimmune disorder with cytotoxic autoantibodies to collagen that are called Antiglomerular Basement Membrane Antibody and with subsequent complement activation producing glomerular capillary destruction.

Goodpasture syndrome

It helps in dtedting diabetic kidney damage

Microalbumin exam

It may be corrected with creatinine levels ti assess significance and also associated with heart disease

Microalbuminuria

2 screening tests for kidney disease among diabetic and hypertensive patients:

1) GFR or Estimated GFR (eGFR) 2) Urine microalbumin

It is the nitrogenous waste from metabolism

Creatinine

Creatinine is normally excreted by what?

Nephron

True/False: If Creatine increases, GFR falls

True

How would you know if kidney disease is present?

Kidney disease is present if urine contains more than 30 mg of albumin/gm of creatinine with/without a decreased eGFR.

A sterile, inflammatory process that affects the glomerulus and is associated with the finding of Blood, Protein (CHON), and Casts in the urine.

Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis may also lead to what?

Nephrotic Syndrome

The thickening of the glumerular basement membrane resulting from the deposition of Immunoglubulin (IgG) immune complex.

Membrane nephropathy

It is one of the common causes of "Nephrotic Syndrome".

Membrane nephropathy or Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Symtoms of Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Microscopic hematuria, elevated CHON, foamy urine, and tendency toward thrombosis

Advanced stage of several kidney disorders resulting in inflammation and slowly worsening destruction of glomeruli with progressive loss of kidney function.

Chronic Glomerulonephritis

It is also known as "Berger Disease".

Immunoglobin A (IgA) Nephropathy

It is the most common cause of Chronic Glomerulonephritis

Immunoglobin A Nephropathy

Where is IgA deposited?

Glomerular membrane

Patients which have increased serum leveld of IgA may be a result of what?

Mucosal infection

What is the alternative name for Nephrotic Syndrome?

Nephrosis

What is the common cause of Nephrotic syndrome?

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Signs of Nephrotic syndrome

Proteinuria, Low blood protein levels, High cholesterol levels, Edema, Urine

What are the symptoms of Nephrotic syndrome/Nephrosis?

Edena with weight gain, Swollen abdomen, Poor appetite, Hypertension

- Continual damage to the glomerular membrane due to thickening and increased cellular proliferation and an accumulation of solid substances around the vascular tufts. - Leading cause of end-stage renal disease.

Diabetic nephropathy

Diabetic Nephropathy causes what condition?

Vascular Sclerosis

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