Microscopy

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 55問 · 2年前

通報

問題一覧

Magnification of Ocular (eyepiece) lens

10x

Magnification of Low power objection lens

10x

Magnification of High power objection lens

40×

Magnification of Oil immersion objection lens

100×

It is the most common used for both the detection and characterization of microorganisms.

Microscopy

It enhances the resolution of the microscope and is used to fill the space between the objective lens and glass slide

Cedar Wood Oil

Prevents light rays from dispersing and changing their wavelength after passing through samples

Cedar Wood Oil

Refers to the ability of the lenses to separate closely distant objects.

Microscopic resolution or Resolving Power

Microscopic resolution is determined by what?

Numerical aperture, Wavelength of light

True/False: Microscopic resolution is increased by decreasing the wavelength of light coming from the illuminator.

True

What are the different types of Microscopes?

Light Microscope, Bright field Microscope, Phase-Contrast Microscope, Fluorescent Microscope, Dark field Microscope, Electron Microscope

What are two types of Electron Microscope?

Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

In this type of microscope, visible light passes through the specimen and then through a series of lenses that reflect light, resulting in the magnification of the organisms that are present in the specimen.

Light Microscope

What is the amount of specimen required to effectively visualize cells through Light Microscope?

At least 10^5 cells per/millilitre of specimen are required.

It is located within the eyepiece lens and used to determine the sizes of microorganisms.

Ocular micrometer

Observe and Familliarize

Done

What is the measuring unit for bacteria?

Micrometer

It is a measure of the relative velocity at which light passes through a material

Refractive index

It is the product of the lens that is used

Total magnification

-Most commonly used light microscope in clinical laboratory. -Forms a dark image against a “brighter” background.. -Can distinguish between two dots that are 0.2 um apart..

Bright Field Microscope

-Permits a detailed examination of internal structure in living organisms. -It is used to identify medically significant fungi grown in culture. -The phasic differences are seen through the microscope as degrees of brightness. -Staining is not part of the phase-contrast microscope so it can also be used to examine unstained living cells.

Phase-Contrast Microscope

-It involves the excitation of fluorochrome using light. -Utilized in the observation of chlamydiae, legionellae, mycobacteria, and fungi.

Fluorescent Microscope

What is used to stain or attach to microorganism in Fluorescent Microscope?

Fluorochrome (dyes)

Give some examples of Flurochrome (dyes).

Acridine-orange, Auramine, Rhodamine, Calcofluor white, FITC

-Uses dark field condenser that blocks away light that can enter the objective directly. -Directs the light to hit the specimen at an oblique angle which makes all other light that passes through the specimen miss the objective. -Thus, the background become a dark field in which organisms appear extremely bright against a “darker” field.

Dark Field Microscope

-Used to detect spirochetes -Used to examine unstained microorganisms suspended in liquid against a dark background, and organisms that are invisible under ordinary light.

Dark Field Microscope

Uses electrons instead of light to visualize small objects. Uses electromagnetic fields instead of lenses to form an image on a fluorescent screen like in television screen. Useful for studying the morphology of bacteria. Has built-in camera to capture images of the cells in black-and-white transmission of electron micrographs.

Electron Microscope

What is the advantage of using electron microscope?

The advantage of using this microscope is that objects smaller than 0.2 um can be visualized with 100,000x magnification

What is the fixative used in Electron Microscope?

Glutaraldehyde, Osmium tetroxide

Dehydrating agent used in Electron Microscope

Alcohol, Acetone

Stains used in Electron Microscope

Lead citrate, Uranyl acetate

►Allows visualization of the internal structures of cells. ► Has the greatest resolution approximately 1,000x higher than the light microscope ► Used to examine very thin specimens and microorganisms since it can magnify a million times. With resolving power of 0.2 nm.

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

► Scans the surface of the cells or specimens ► Specimen is positioned at the bottom of the column with a resolving power of 200 nm.

Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

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