Shortened ver. WBC

68問 • 2年前

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Squash- degenerated nucleus of WBCs

Smudge or basket cells

It is highly contagious viral disease caused by Epstein-Barr virus; excessive # of agranulocytes; fatigue, sore throat, recover in a few weeks

Mononucleosis

When there is fat-containing vacuoles in WBC cytoplasm, Ichthyosis

Jordan's anomaly

It refers to cancerous conditions involving WBCs and is named according to the abnormal WBC clone involved.

Leukemias

rod-like structure seen in the cytoplasm of myeloblasts, diagnostic for Acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML)

Auer rod

What are the diff kinds of Clonal(neoplastic) disorders of WBC?

Myeloproliferative disorders, Lymphoproliferative disorders, Immunoproliferative disorders

Abnormally low WBC count---- drug induced

Leukopenia

Giant platelets, Dohle-bodies like inclusions seen even in monocytes indicates what anomaly?

May-Hegglin anomaly

What are the Abnormal granulocyte morphology (acquired)?

-Toxic granulation, cytoplasmic vacuole -Dohle bodies (Amato bodies) -Azurophilic granules -Hypersegmentation

Dense azurophilic granules, mucopolysaccharidoses indicates what anomaly?

Alder-Reilly anomaly

Where is Chediak-Higashi Syndrome (Autosomal recessive disorder) found?

Anemia, Neutropenia, Thrombocytopenia

Failure of normal segmentation of nucleus, bi-lobed nucleus or stab forms only, "pince-nez nucleus" indicates what anomaly?

Pelger Huet anomaly

•Rare,fatal disorder found in children • Inherited as an autosomal recessive char. • Contain very large,reddish- purple or greenish-gray staining granules in the cytoplasm of granulocytes • In monocytes & lymphocytes, stain bluish-purple •These granules represent abnormal lysosomes Found in: -anemia -neutropenia -thrombocytopenia

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome (Autosomal recessive disorder)

•Heavy,coarse blue-black granules of BEN & sometimes lymphocytes & monocytes • Inherited condition • Associated with Hurler's syndrome & Hunter's syndrome

Alder-Reilly anomaly

•Degeneration of cytoplasm begins to acquire holes or as result of active phagocytosis •May reflect increased lysosomal activity •Found in: -septicemia -severe infection

Vacuolated neutrophil

Where is toxic granulation found?

Acute infection, Drug poisoning, Burns

Where is Vacuolated neutrophil found?

Septicemia, Severe infection

• Result from condensing of nuclear chromatin into a solid structure mass with no pattern • Not counted in differential cell count

Degenerated Neutrophil w/ pyknotic nucleus

• Dark blue-black cytoplasmic granules in neutrophil •Thought as primary granules • Show inc.alkaline phosphatase activity Found in: -acute infections -drug poisoning -burns

Toxic granulation

-Sex chromatin -Represents the second X chromosome in females (2-3% of neutrophils in females) -Small, well-defined,round projection of nuclear chromatin -These cells are not found in normal males

Barr body

• Can be seen occasionally in normal peripheral blood smear Larger than normal neutrophils and generally hyperlobulated • Found in frequency of 1 in every 20,000 neutrophils but increase in disease states

Giant Neutrophils

Where are Hypersegmented Neutrophils found?

Pernicious anemia, Folic acid deficiency, Chronic infections

•Disintegrating nucleus of ruptured WBC

Smudge or Basket cells

-Neutrophils with six or more lobed nucleus -Represents an abnormality in maturation of neutrophil -Acquired (in megaloblastic erythropoiesis) or inherited (Undritz anomaly) • Found in: pernicious anemia

Hypersegmented Neutrophils

• Autosomal dominant trait •m, blue-gray Döhle bodies •Aggregates of mRNA •Leukopenia •Thrombocytopenia •Giant platelets

May-Hegglin anomaly

•Large azurophilic granules •Caused by: -Infections -Serious burns -Septicemia -drug poisoning

Toxic granule

-Indicates failure of neutrophil to segment properly -Bi-lobed nucleus; chromatin is coarsely clumped -May be inherited or acquired (as in leukemias) -Heterozygous for this char.shows numerous bi- lobed (dumbell shape); homozygous-round neutrophil

Pelget-Huet Anomaly

Class I and II are interpreted as what?

Young forms

Abnormal High count of WBC count may be due to:

Anemia, Certain drugs and medication, Cigarette smoking, Infections, Inflammatory disease, Leukemia, Severe mental or physical stress, Etc.

Class III are interpreted as what?

Mature forms

What are the functions of Monocytes and Macrophages?

-Defense against microorganisms -Role in antigen-induced blast transformation of lymphocytes -Destruction of aged blood cells, denatured plasma proteins and lipids -w/heme oxidase activity activity w/c enables tissue macrophage to break down RBC Hb and recycle it

Class IV and V are interpreted as what?

Old forms

What does monocytes secretes that activates helper cells?

Lymphokine activating factor

Describe the nucleus of Macrophages

Oblong/indented nucleus

What are the Classes under Arneths?

Class I to Class V

-The tissue component of the monocyte system -Larger than monocytes and measures 15-80um -Have irregular cell membrane, often with blebs and psuedopodia

Macrophages

One round or indented nucleus (blasts) =5%

CLASS I

2 lobes of nucleus =35%

CLASS II

What are the stages of Monocyte production?

Monoblast, Promonocyte, Monocyte

3 lobes of nucleus=41%

CLASS III

A high number of WBCs is called as what?

Leukocytosis

4 lobes of nucleus=17%

CLASS IV

What are the stages of Plasma cells?

Plasmablast, Proplasmacyte, Plasmacyte/plasma cell

5 lobes or more of nucleus (oldest)- 2%

CLASS V

What are the stages of lymphocyte?

Lymphoblast, Prolymphoblast, Mature small lymphocyte, Medium lymphocyte, Large lymphocyte

Lymphocyte with tumor host defense

Null lymphocytes

•Increase in Classes IV and V or the mature and old forms -Congenital hypersegmentation, liver disease, pernicious anemia, sprue and steatorrhea

SHIFT TO THE RIGHT

Short-lived lymphocyte with humoral-mediated immunity

B lymphocyte

•INCREASE- I & II OR YOUNG FORMS -acute infection, acidosis, leukemia, malignant tumor, MI, severe hemorrhage

SHIFT TO THE LEFT

What is the Normal Index of Arneths and how it is obtained?

60% obtained by adding the percentages of classes I and II and 1⁄2 of class |||.

Long lived lymphocyte (4-10 years) with cellular-mediated immunity

T lymphocyte

How are neutrophils classified according to their granulations?

1. Myeloblasts and promyelocytes -0 2. Myelocytes- 0 3. Metamyelocytes 0-1% 4. Stab- 3-5% 5. Segmented Neutrophils 51-67%

What makes up 10 percent of the lymphoid population?

Null lymphocyte

Increase in young forms

Shift to the left

What makes up 10-20 percent of the lymphoid population?

B lymphocytes

Increased in young forms with high WBC-acute infections like appendicitis and acute sepsis

Regenerative shift to the left

What makes up 60-80 percent of the lymphoid population?

T lymphocyte

What is Charcot-Leyden crystal made of?

Lysophospholipase

Increase in young forms accompanied by normal or low WBC-typhoid fever and TB

Degenerative shift to the left

It is formed from the disintegration of eosinophils and is made up of lysophospholipase found cytoplasm of eosinophils.

Charcot-Leyden Crystal

Increased in mature and old forms-pernicious anemia

Shift to the right

What are the Schillings normal values?

NEUTRO-51-67% LYMPHO-25-33% MONO-2-6% EOSINO-1-4% BASO-0-1%

Charcot-Leyden crystal are seen in what conditions?

Allergic asthma (nasal mucos), Pulmonary eosinophilic infiltrates (pleural fluid), Parasitic infection (stool)

It is the Major basic CHON -arginine- rich protein that plays a major role in killing parasites

Eosinophil

Its major function is to provide defense against helmenthic parasites and it has a role in allergic reactions by lessening hypersensitivity reactions through the release of an amine oxidase, which neutralizes histamine.

Eosinophil

It is the orderly production of mature granulocytes (N,E,B)

Granulocyte production

What is the maturation sequence of Granulocytes?

About 14 days

It refer to the detection of changes in numbers of circulating WBCs(percentage of each type). It indicates infection, poisoning, leukemia, chemotheraphy, parasites or allergy reactions.

Differential WBC counts

Translation(Pre-finals)

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 55問 · 2年前

Translation(Pre-finals)