Squash- degenerated nucleus of WBCs

It is highly contagious viral disease caused by Epstein-Barr virus; excessive # of agranulocytes; fatigue, sore throat, recover in a few weeks

When there is fat-containing vacuoles in WBC cytoplasm, Ichthyosis

It refers to cancerous conditions involving WBCs and is named according to the abnormal WBC clone involved.

rod-like structure seen in the cytoplasm of myeloblasts, diagnostic for Acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML)

What are the diff kinds of Clonal(neoplastic) disorders of WBC?

Abnormally low WBC count---- drug induced

Giant platelets, Dohle-bodies like inclusions seen even in monocytes indicates what anomaly?

What are the Abnormal granulocyte morphology (acquired)?

Dense azurophilic granules, mucopolysaccharidoses indicates what anomaly?

Where is Chediak-Higashi Syndrome (Autosomal recessive disorder) found?

Failure of normal segmentation of nucleus, bi-lobed nucleus or stab forms only, "pince-nez nucleus" indicates what anomaly?

•Rare,fatal disorder found in children • Inherited as an autosomal recessive char. • Contain very large,reddish- purple or greenish-gray staining granules in the cytoplasm of granulocytes • In monocytes & lymphocytes, stain bluish-purple •These granules represent abnormal lysosomes Found in: -anemia -neutropenia -thrombocytopenia

•Heavy,coarse blue-black granules of BEN & sometimes lymphocytes & monocytes • Inherited condition • Associated with Hurler's syndrome & Hunter's syndrome

•Degeneration of cytoplasm begins to acquire holes or as result of active phagocytosis •May reflect increased lysosomal activity •Found in: -septicemia -severe infection

Where is toxic granulation found?

Where is Vacuolated neutrophil found?

• Result from condensing of nuclear chromatin into a solid structure mass with no pattern • Not counted in differential cell count

• Dark blue-black cytoplasmic granules in neutrophil •Thought as primary granules • Show inc.alkaline phosphatase activity Found in: -acute infections -drug poisoning -burns

-Sex chromatin -Represents the second X chromosome in females (2-3% of neutrophils in females) -Small, well-defined,round projection of nuclear chromatin -These cells are not found in normal males

• Can be seen occasionally in normal peripheral blood smear Larger than normal neutrophils and generally hyperlobulated • Found in frequency of 1 in every 20,000 neutrophils but increase in disease states

Where are Hypersegmented Neutrophils found?

•Disintegrating nucleus of ruptured WBC

-Neutrophils with six or more lobed nucleus -Represents an abnormality in maturation of neutrophil -Acquired (in megaloblastic erythropoiesis) or inherited (Undritz anomaly) • Found in: pernicious anemia

• Autosomal dominant trait •m, blue-gray Döhle bodies •Aggregates of mRNA •Leukopenia •Thrombocytopenia •Giant platelets

•Large azurophilic granules •Caused by: -Infections -Serious burns -Septicemia -drug poisoning

-Indicates failure of neutrophil to segment properly -Bi-lobed nucleus; chromatin is coarsely clumped -May be inherited or acquired (as in leukemias) -Heterozygous for this char.shows numerous bi- lobed (dumbell shape); homozygous-round neutrophil

Class I and II are interpreted as what?

Abnormal High count of WBC count may be due to:

Class III are interpreted as what?

What are the functions of Monocytes and Macrophages?

Class IV and V are interpreted as what?

What does monocytes secretes that activates helper cells?

Describe the nucleus of Macrophages

What are the Classes under Arneths?

-The tissue component of the monocyte system -Larger than monocytes and measures 15-80um -Have irregular cell membrane, often with blebs and psuedopodia

One round or indented nucleus (blasts) =5%

2 lobes of nucleus =35%

What are the stages of Monocyte production?

3 lobes of nucleus=41%

A high number of WBCs is called as what?

4 lobes of nucleus=17%

What are the stages of Plasma cells?

5 lobes or more of nucleus (oldest)- 2%

What are the stages of lymphocyte?

Lymphocyte with tumor host defense

•Increase in Classes IV and V or the mature and old forms -Congenital hypersegmentation, liver disease, pernicious anemia, sprue and steatorrhea

Short-lived lymphocyte with humoral-mediated immunity

•INCREASE- I & II OR YOUNG FORMS -acute infection, acidosis, leukemia, malignant tumor, MI, severe hemorrhage

What is the Normal Index of Arneths and how it is obtained?

Long lived lymphocyte (4-10 years) with cellular-mediated immunity

How are neutrophils classified according to their granulations?

What makes up 10 percent of the lymphoid population?

Increase in young forms

What makes up 10-20 percent of the lymphoid population?

Increased in young forms with high WBC-acute infections like appendicitis and acute sepsis

What makes up 60-80 percent of the lymphoid population?

What is Charcot-Leyden crystal made of?

Increase in young forms accompanied by normal or low WBC-typhoid fever and TB

It is formed from the disintegration of eosinophils and is made up of lysophospholipase found cytoplasm of eosinophils.

Increased in mature and old forms-pernicious anemia

What are the Schillings normal values?

Charcot-Leyden crystal are seen in what conditions?

It is the Major basic CHON -arginine- rich protein that plays a major role in killing parasites

Its major function is to provide defense against helmenthic parasites and it has a role in allergic reactions by lessening hypersensitivity reactions through the release of an amine oxidase, which neutralizes histamine.

It is the orderly production of mature granulocytes (N,E,B)

What is the maturation sequence of Granulocytes?

It refer to the detection of changes in numbers of circulating WBCs(percentage of each type). It indicates infection, poisoning, leukemia, chemotheraphy, parasites or allergy reactions.