Haemophilus originates from the Greek word 'haima' and 'philus' which means what?

They are obligate parasites on the mucous membranes of humans. And they die rapidly in clinical specimen and very susceptible to drying and extreme temperatures.

Fastidious, non-motile, capnophilic, and facultatively anaerobic bacteria. And most species cannot grow on pure BAP

All species of Haemophilus normally inhabit the URT of humans except for what?

Describe the appearance of Haemophilus under the microscope

What are the biochemical test and result for Haemophilus?

All Haemophilus are oxidase positive except for what specie?

What are the growth factors of Haemophilus?

Also known as the X factor

Also known as the V factor

What are the human pathogens of the genus Haemophilus?

It is the only member of the genus Haemophilus that produces IgA protease.

What is the mode of transmission of Haemophilus influenzae?

It is the main cause of meningitis in children

Haemophilus influenzae is very ___________ and can be rapidly killed by phagocytes.

It spreads from nasopharynx and the regional lymph nodes to the blood and finally to the Meninges.

What is the principal Virulence factor of Haemophilus influenzae?

What are the other Virulence factors of Haemophilus influenzae aside the polysaccharide capsule?

What is the biochemical test for Haemophilus influenzae?

What are the two categories of Haemophilus influenzae?

What are the encapsulated strains of the Typeable form of Haemophilus influezae?

This category of Haemophilus influenzae is based on the capsular characteristics of H. influenzae

It is the cause of serious infections in humans and leading cause of meningitis in unvaccinated children.

What are the other related infections of Non-typeable form of Haemophilus influenzae?

This category of Haemophilus influenzae does not produce capsules and part of the indigenous microbiota of the URT and adheres to human epithelial cells

It is the second prevalent etiologic agent for otitis media with effusion (middle ear infection) after Streptococcus pneumoniae

It is commonly found as indigenous microbiota of the URT of adult

True/False: Haemophilus ducreyi is part of the indigenous human microbiota.

It is the agent of chancroid which is highly communicable, sexually transmitted, genital ulcer disease.

What are the hallmarks of chanroid caused by Haemophilus ducreyi?

Describe the appearance of Haemophilus ducreyi in CAP

This Haemophilus specie has mouse/bleach-like odor; non-haemolytic

What is the other term for Haemophilus influenzae?

This Haemophilus specie is genetically related to Haemophilus influenzae

What is the other term for Haemophilus aegypticus?

This Haemophilus specie is Non-typeable

This Haemophilus specie is B-haemolytic

The distinguishing characteristic of this Haemophilus specie is School of fish

This Haemophilus specie has tan and dry colonies; B- haemolytic

This Haemophilus specie has Fructose and maltose fermentation

What Haemophilus species contain/s x and v growth factors?

What Haemophilus species contain/s x growth factor only?

What Haemophilus species contain/s v growth factor only?

What are the associated infection/disease with Haemophilus influenzae?

What are the associated infection/disease with Haemophilus aegypticus?

What are the associated infection/disease with Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyticus?

What are the associated infection/disease with Haemophilus ducreyi?

What are the associated infection/disease with Haemophilus parainfluenzae?

What are the specimens used in the laboratory diagnosis of Haemophilus?

What should be done for recovery of Haemophilus ducreyi?

What is preffered instead of a transport medium for the recovery of Haemophilus ducreyi?

True/False: Haemophilus need an immediate transport and processing for their isolation.

What are the tests used in the laboratory diagnosis of Haemophilus?

It is used for rapid direct identification of the capsular antigens of H. influenzae.

Serotype can be determined through the identification of the distinct capsular antigen.

It detects the presence of enzymes that converts ALA into porphyrins.

Test for identifying the heme-producing species of Haemophilus

It appears to have in "school-of-fish" gram stain

Haemophilus species resemble an______________________ because of their pleomorphic appearances.

What are the media used for the culture of Haemophilus species?

It is the preferred medium for Haemophilus because it contains the X and V factors.

Haemophilus species grow best at ______ degree cent., except H. ducreyi which grows at ___ degree cent. & in an environment with ___________.

It grow as “satellites” on BAP around bacterial colonies and produce NAD like S. aureus

When Haemophilus are grown anaerobically, only ____ & not hemin, is required.

H. aegypticus requires _____ days of incubation while H. ducreyi requires _____ days.

No growth of Haemophilus occurs on what medium?

What is the selective media for Haemophilus influenzae?

What is the selective media for Haemophilus aegypticus?

What is the selective media for Haemophilus ducreyi?

It is formerly known as Haemophilus aphrophilus

What are included in the HACEK(AACEK) group?

They are part of the indigenous microbiota & are considered as opportunistic pathogens. They are small, non-motile, cannot grown on MAC.

HACEK are fastidious and grow slowly on BAP & CAP & require _________ of incubation

True/False: HACEK group does not causes slow & progressive bacterial endocarditis

It is known as the Foam-loving bacterium

It is the only catalase-positive HACEK specie

Also known as Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

It infects the aortic valve more freq. than the other HACEK species

It shows "false Gram-positive" and the only indole-positive member of the HACEK group

It is also known as the corroding bacilli

They are assacharolytic like the species of the genus Moraxella and the least common isolate of the HACEK group

What is the other term for Brucella?

Species of this genus are important human and animal pathogens. Obligate aerobes and intracellular parasites.

They are non-motile, assacharolytic, and non-encapsulated. Some species require an increased supply of CO2 for growth.

Brucella are localized in tissues that are rich in__________________ & induces spontaneous abortion among animals.

What are the preferred specimen for the isolation of Brucella?

Describe the appearance of brucella under the microscope

Sheka was observing a BAP and she sees colonies that are small, convex, translucent, yellowish and non-haemolytic. What bacteria do you think is present in the medium?

What are the species of the genus Brucella?

What are the most virulent among the species of Brucella?

It is characterized by normal temperatures in the morning and then followed by high temperatures in the afternoon and evening.

What are the Primary routes of Human infections caused by Brucella?

What are specimens that can be used in the Laboratory diagnosis of Brucella?

What are the test/s used in the Laboratory diagnosis of Brucella?

What Serological test is used in Brucella?

In the Gram stain of Brucella, ___________ should be substituted for safranin O to improve the Gram Stain

What media are used in the Culture of Brucella?

True/False: Turbidity of the specimen is an abnormal occurrence in the culture of Brucella

In the Culture of Brucella, isolates can be recovered after ______ but may require prolonged incubation up to ______.

Obligately aerobic, fastidious, gram-negative coccobacilli and they replicate on ciliated respiratory epithelial cells of humans