Anaerobes Part 2

83問 • 2年前

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What are the acceptable specimens for Anaerobic bacteria?

Bile Biopsy of endometrial tissue obtained with an endometrial suction curette (Pipelle; Unimar, Wilton, CT) Blood Bone marrow Bronchial Washings with a double-lumen plugged catheter Cerebrospinal fluid Decubitus ulcer Percutaneous (Direct) Lung aspirate or biopsy Sulfur granules from a draining fistula Suprapubic bladder aspirate Thoracentesis (pleural) fluid Tissue from biopsy and autopsy Transtracheal aspirate

What are the unacceptable specimens for anaerobic bacteria that are likely to be contaminated and consider as unacceptable, invalid, or inaccurate?

Swabs Sputum Bronchial washings Feces Gastric and small bowel contents

-In general, the material for anaerobic culture is best obtained by _____________ or by aspiration using a needle and syringe to PREVENT the contamination with normal microbiota. -After collection, the air should be expelled from the device to prevent the reduction or loss of viable anaerobes in the sample. (There is a possible potential for contamination with normal microbiota, _______ are generally not recommended for collection -One of the crucial factors in obtaining valid results with anaerobic cultures is the__________ of the specimen; the lethal effect of atmospheric oxygen must be nullified until the specimen can be processed in the laboratory.

tissue biopsy Swab transport

What are the different laboratory diagnosis tests for Gram-Positive Anaerobic Spore-Forming Bacilli?

Gram stain Culture Catalase test Direct Nagler test Mouse Neurilization Test Reverse CAMP test Cell Culture Cytoxicity test Lipase and Lethinase test Spot Indole Test

_______ are not observed in Gram-stained smears.

Spores

In gram stain, ___________ and _______________ are both routinely stained as Gram-negative bacilli

Clostridium ramosum Clostridium clostridioforme

It is utilized to know the true Gram-staining reaction of the pink-staining anaerobic bacillus

Vancomycin special-potency antimicrobial and aerotolerance test

What is the transport media used for Gram-Positive Anaerobic Spore-Forming Bacilli?

Pre-reduced Anaerobically Sterilized and AMIES

This media is used to observe swarming and double zone of hemolysis; supports nearly all obligate and facultative anaerobes

BRU / BA

This media detects the activity of lipase and lecithinase if its positive (+) there is an insoluble opaque whitish precipitate within the agar

EYA

This media detects volatile fatty acid (Easily evaporated)

PYG

This media is both a selective and differential medium, they inhibit gram-negative coliforms, also a pH indicator (If neutral red turns to yellow means there is a presence of an acid pH.)

CCFA

In the culture of Gram-Positive Anaerobic Spore-Forming Bacilli, what is used for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria

1 ml pre-reduced AMIES liquid

In the culture of Gram-Positive Anaerobic Spore-Forming Bacilli, what is used for aspirates and tissues?

Transport tube with PRAS

What are used as Growth inhibitors in the culture of Gram-Positive Anaerobic Spore-Forming Bacilli?

Peroxides and dehydration because of extended storage of plates

In the culture of Gram-Positive Anaerobic Spore-Forming Bacilli, Primary plates should be freshly prepared or used within ____________ of preparation. Air is removed from the sealed jar using ________.

2 weeks Mercury

It has a smooth swarming growth on plated media.

Clostridium septicum

It grows minimally on the aerotolerance plate and can be mistaken for a facultative anaerobe.

Clostridium tertium

This test is performed to differentiate the aerotolerant strains of Clostridium (catalase-negative) from Bacillus(catalase-positive)

Catalase test

What is the Reagent used in the Catalase test of Gram-Positive Anaerobic Spore-Forming Bacilli?

15% H2O2

What is the positive result for the Catalase test of Gram-Positive Anaerobic Spore-Forming Bacilli?

It forms a bubble

-It uses EYA plate and C.perifrigens type A antitoxin -It provides a positive result of (+) if inhibition of lecithinase reaction is produced by Clostridium perfringens

Direct Nagler Test

What is used in Direct Nagler Test?

EYA plate Clostridium perfringens type A antitoxin

-It is a definitive identification test for C. botulinum -It detects the presence of neurotoxins in serum or feces.

Mouse Neutralization test

-This test is used to confirm the C. perfringens -Positive result (+) if there is an arrowhead at the intersection of the 2 streaks (Toward Clostridium isolates)

Reverse CAMP test

-It is the gold standard test for the detection of the C. difficile toxin type B. -It takes 2-3 DAYS TO ACHIEVE THE POSITIVE RESULT

Cell Culture Cytotoxicity Test

How many days does it take to achieve positive result in the Cell Culture Cytotoxicity test?

2-3 days

What is the media used in Lipase and Lecithinase test?

EYA

In Lipase and Lecithinase test, _________ hydrolyzes diglycerides and triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol. ____________ cleaves lecithin found in egg yolk, releasing insoluble fat (diglyceride).

Lipase Lecithinase

What is the positive result for Lipase test?

A colony covered with an iridescent multicolored sheen- "mother of pearl" or gasoline on water appearance.

What are the organism that is present in Lipase test(+)?

Clostridium botulinum Clostridium novyi type A Clostridium sporgenes

What are the organism which that is present in Lecithinase test?

Clostridium perfringens Clostridium bifermentans Clostridium sordelli Clostridium novyi type A

What is the positive result for Lecithinase test?

opaque zone around the colonies ( opacity is in the medium and not on the surface of the agar)

This test is performed to differentiate C.bifermentans and C. sordellii (indole-positive) from the other clostridia species (indole-negative).

Spot indole test

What is the culture medium used for all Anaerobic Nonsporefroming Bacili and cocci?

Anaerobic BAP

Gram-positive anaerobic actinomycetes, straight or slightly curved filamentous rods; may be beaded or banded

Actinomyces spp.

Young colonies "spider- like" or wooly appearance Old colonies - "molar tooth" (A. Israelll)

Actinomyces spp.

Gram-negative, pale- staining, pleomorphic rods; resembles "safety pin"

Bacteroides fragilis

Gray-white, circular, smooth, nonhemolytic

Bacteroides fragilis

Gram-negative, pale-Staining; thin rods; some curved

Bacteroides ureolyticus

Colonies corrode (pit) the agar

Bacteroides ureolyticus

Gram-positive diphotheroid; coccold or pointed shape; bifurcated (forked) ends, resemble “dog bones”

Bifidobacterium spp.

Small, white, shiny, convex colonies

Bifidobacterium spp.

Gram-positive rod in young cultures and turns Gram-negative rod with age; spores subterminal

Clostridium septicum

Rhizoid margins resembling "medusa head”

Clostridium septicum

Gram-positive pleomorphic rod, has seagull-wing shape

Eubacterium spp.

Chartreuse color fluorescence

Eubacterium spp.

Gram-negative spindle shaped rod; resembles Capnocytophaga

Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. Nucleutum

Green-colored medium upon air exposure; “breadcrumb-like” colonies

Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. Nucleutum

Gram-negative large fusiform rods

Leptotrichia spp.

“Raspberry- like” colonies”

Leptotrichia spp.

Gram negative bacilli which exhibits Brick red fluorescence

Porphyromonas spp.

Gram negative rods which exhibits Brick red fluorescence

Prevotella spp.

Gram negative tiny diplococci which exhibits Red fluorescence

Veillonela parvula

Gram-positive diphtheroid like rod; palisade arrangement

Propionibacterium spp “anaerobic diphtheroids”

It is the most commonly isolated anaerobes from blood cultures. And It is a significant cause of intraabdominal abscesses.

Bacteroides fragilis

Microscopy: pleomorphic with vacuoles; encapsulated

Bacteroides fragilis

What is the biochemical test and results for Bacteroides fragilis?

Catalase(+) (+) growth in 20% bile Beta lactamase producers Saccharolytic Non motile

It is the most common cause of Actinomycosis

Actinomyces israelil

Microscopy: thin, nonsporeforming, branching gram-positive bacilli

Actinomyces israelil

Where is the anatomical site of Actinomyces israelil?

Microbiota of the oral cavity

Actinomyces is characterized by what?

Lumpy-Jaw Sulfur granules Skin lesion

It is frequently isolated from blood cultures, but its presence often represents contamination from the patient's skin resulting from poor site preparation during the phlebotomy procedure.

Propionibacterium acnes

It is a Gram-positive pleomorphic anaerobic nonspore forming rod (coccoid or spiral-shaped), which is also an aerotolerant anaerobe; nonmotile.

Lactobacillus

What are the species of the Lactobacillus?

Lactobacillus acidophilus Lactobacillus fermentum Lactobacillus vaginalis Lactobacillus salivarius Lactobacillus plantarum

It has an important role in the health of the female genital tract - it protects the host from urogenital infections.

Lactobacillus acidophilus

Lactobacillus acidophilus produces __________ from glycogen which lowers the vaginal pH and suppresses the overgrowth of organisms

lactic acid

Lactobacillus acidophilus is part of the normal flora of the ____________________.

mouth, GIT and vaginal canal

Lactobacillus acidophilus can grow at ___________.

It can grow at pH 3-4 (tomato juice agar).

What are infections related cause by Nonsporeforming Anaerobic bacteria?

Actinomyces Endocarditis Diabetic foot ulcers and Decubitus pressure sores Gingivitis, meningitis, lung and brain abscesses Propionobacterium acnes

It is a chronic, granulomatous, infectious disease characterized by the development of sinus tracts and fistulae, which erupt to the surface and drain pus that may contain sulfur granules" (dense lumps of bacteria that may be colored).

Actinomyces

This infection is usually caused by Lactobacilli

Endocarditis

Diabetic foot ulcers and Decubitus pressure sores is usually caused by?

Gram-negative bacilli

Gingivitis, meningitis, lung and brain abscesses is caused by?

Anaerobic cocci

It is associated with endophthalmitis after cataract surgery.

Propionobacterium acnes

Procedure for Identification of the Nonsporeforming Anaerobic Bacteria: -The anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria are the major normal flora in the colon, outnumbering aerobes by 1000:1 -Inoculation of organism should start with CAP followed by BAP. PRAS (prereduced and anaerobically sterilized) provides a semisolid agar and anaerobic environment. -Bile disk test is utilized to identify B. fragilis (bile-tolerant). -SPS disk test is utilized for rapid identification of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (sensitive) against Peptostreptococcus assacharolyticus (resistant). -B. ureolyticus requires formate and fumarate for growth in broth culture. -Kanamycin, colistin and vancomycin-preliminary antibiotics for testing. -Selective medium (anaerobes): Laked kanamycin-vancomycin agar.

What is the selective medium for the Identification of the Nonsporeforming Anaerobic Bacteria?

Laked kanamycin-vancomycin agar

B. ureolyticus requires _________ and __________ for growth in broth culture.

Formate Fumarate

It is the test utilized to identify B. fragilis (bile-tolerant).

Bile disk test

It is the test that is utilized for rapid identification of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (sensitive) against Peptostreptococcus assacharolyticus (resistant).

SPS disk

Inoculation of organism should start with _______________ in the Identification of the Nonsporeforming Anaerobic Bacteria

CAP followed by BAP

In the Identification of the Nonsporeforming Anaerobic Bacteria, it provides a semisolid agar and anaerobic environment.

PRAS (prereduced and anaerobically sterilized)

The anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria are the major normal flora in the colon, outnumbering aerobes by __________.

1000:1

Translation(Pre-finals)

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 55問 · 2年前

Translation(Pre-finals)