AUBF PRE- FINAL 1ST QUIZ

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 55問 · 2年前

通報

問題一覧

This are considered as the functional units of the kidney

Nephrons

How many Nephrons are present in each kidneys?

1 million to 1.5 million

How long would the the Nephrons in the kidneys if they were straighten out?

120 km long

Nephrons are composed of:

Glomerulus, Renal tubule

How many filtered plasma is/are converted to urine daily?

170,000 ml

The average daily urine output

1200-1500 ml

Pathways in Urine formation

Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, Proximal convoluted, Loop of henle, Distal convoluted tubule, Collecting tubules, Ureter, Urinary bladder, Urethra

Metabolic waste product produced by the liver from the breakdown of protein and amino acids.

Urea

Major organic constituent of Urine

Urea

Volume of Urea in the Urine

25 g/liter

Volume of Chloride in Urine

9 g/liter

Major inorganic constituent of Urine

Chloride

Volume of Sodium in urine

4 g/liter

Volume of Potassium in urine

2 g/liter

Product of creatinine metabolism by muscles

Creatinine

Volume of Creatinine in urine

1.5 g/liter

Combines with sodium to buffer the blood

Phosphate

Volume of Phosphate in urine

2 g/liter

Product of nucleic acid breakdown in food and cells

Uric acid

Volume of Uric acid in urine

0.6 g/liter

Regulates blood and tissue fluid activity

Ammonium

Volume of Ammonium in urine

0.6 g/liter

Combines with chloride, sulfate and phosphate

Calcium

Volume of Calcium in urine

0.2 g/liter

Formed element which may be found in urine:

Cells, Cast, Crystals, Mucus, Bacteria

True/False: The more fluid intake, the greater the urine volume

True

Normal volume of urine

1200-1500 ml/day

Approximately how many percent of the blood leaves the left ventricle of the heart enters the kidneys by the way of renal arteries.

20 to 25%

Volume of the blood which passes through the kidneys

1200 ml/min

Volume of filtered plasma on the glomerulus

120 ml/min

Effects of the Endocrine system

Aldosterone, Vasopressin, Erythropoietin

It is secreted by adrenal cortex and cause an increase in the reabsorption of Na

Aldosterone

It is secreted by posterior pituitary gland and helps in regulating the reabsorption of water in the distal tubules

Vasopressin

Deficiency of Vasopressin results in?

Diabetes milletus

It is secreted by the kidneys and it stimulates the production of erythrocytes

Erythropoietin

Increased urine volume at night

Nocturia

Involuntary voiding of urine at night.

Enuresis

It is the complete suppression of urine formation and may result from any serious damage to the kidneys or from a decrease in the flow of blood to the kidney.

Anuria

It indicates lipid droplets contained in the cell

Maltese cross

Abnormal increase of Urine volume(greater than 2500 ml/24hrs)

Polyuria

Decrease of volume of urine(less than 500 ml/24hrs)

Oliguria

It is often associated w/ diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus; or the use of diuretics, caffeine, or alcohol w/c suppress the excretion of ADH

Polyuria

It is usually seen in the state of dehydration and is often associated with acute nephritis and shock

Oliguria

Most commonly received specimen because of its easy collection and convenience for the patient.

Random specimen

Collection is timed or scheduled for a particular due to the needs of the situation, tests and substance being determined.

Timed specimen

Empty the bladder at 8 am before eating breakfast. The first sample at 8 am is discarded and all sample are voided until 8 pm.

Day specimen

Specimen collected between 2pm and 6pm because the substance you are after can be evaluated more accurately at these hours. (ex., urobilinogen is best evaluated from specimens obtained between 2 and 4pm)

Afternoon specimen

The patient should be instructed to collect the specimen immediately on arising and to deliver it to the laboratory within 2 hours

First morning urine specimen

Specimen used for pregnancy test and routine screening?

First morning urine specimen

Used for Diabetic monitoring/screening, Specimen will not contain any metabolites from food ingested before the beginning of the fasting period.

Fasting specimen

Soft, clear plastic bags with hypoallergenic skin adhesive to attach to the genital area of the both boys and girls are available for collecting routine specimens

Pediatric specimen

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