Streptococcus Part 2

81問 • 2年前

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It is the causative agent of lobar pneumonia

Streptococcus pneomoniae

• Also known as diplococcus or pneumococcus Causative agent of lobar pneumonia • Most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults • Cell wall contains antigen called "C substance" • Principal virulence factor is a capsule • Culture: colonies spear flat with depressed centers, mucoid and are alpha-hemolytic

Streptococcus pneumoniae

It is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults

Streptococcus pneumoniae

What is the principal virulence factor of Streptococcus pnemoniae?

Capsule

It is an antigen that is contained in the cell wall of Streptococcus pneumoniae

C substance

Streptococcus pneumoniae is also known as what?

Diplococcus or pneumococcus

How does Streptococcus pneumoniae looks like in culture media?

Colonies appear flat with depressed centers, mucoid and are alpha-hemolytic

What are the infections and diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumonia?

Lobar pneumonia, Meningitis, Otitis media, Bacteremia, Endocarditis and peritonitis

Presence of voluminous fluid hastens the spread of the bacteria to the lungs.

Lobar pneumonia

What are the predisposing factors of Lobar Pneumonia?

Alcoholism, Malnutrition, Viral infection of the URT

Complication of pneumonia and otitis media and commonly affects infants and elderly.

Meningitis

S.pneumonia is the most common isolate in children under 3 years old with recurrent _______________.

Otitis media

What are the diff Laboratory diagnosis method for Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Gram stain, Culture Media, Susceptibility test, Bile solubility test, Neufeld-Quellung reaction, Francis test, Coagglutination test

What does Streptococcus pneumoniae looks like in culture media?

Colonies appear "dome-shaped", glistening, mucoid. Old colonies look like coin with a raised rim "dimple-shaped"

What are the culture media used in Streptococcus pneumoniae?

CAP, BHI, TSA with 5% sheep's blood

What does Streptococcus pneumoniae look like under gram stain?

Cells appear oval or lancet-shaped

What is the susceptibility test used in Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Optochin disk test

This test evaluates the ability of S. pneumoniae to lyse in the presence of bile salts

Bile solubility test

This test is used to detect the presence of antibody against pneumococci

Francis test

What are the differential test used in Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Optochin susceptibility test, Bile solubility (Confirmatory test), Neufel-Quellung reaction, Mouse virulence

This test differentiates pneumococci from viridans streptococci

Bile solubility (Confirmatory test)

In this test, the positive result is swelling of capsule.

Neufel-Quellung reaction

In this test, the positive result is the death of the animal.

Mouse virulence

What is the most common isolate of the family Enterococci?

Enterococcus faecalis

What are common infections caused by Enterococci?

UTI, Endocarditis, Bacteremia, Wound infection

• Belong to the family Streptococcaceae • Indigenous microbiota of human and animal intestinal tract • Not highly pathogenic but are frequent causes of nosocomial infection • Species: E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. avium, E. gallinarum, E. durans • Most common isolate is E. faecalis • Infections: UTI, endocarditis, bacteremia and wound infection • Laboratory test: Bile esculin and PYR = POSITIVE; Positive growth in 6.5% NaC

Enterococci

What are the species of the family Enterococci?

Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus avium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus durans

It is an indigenous microbiota of human and animal intestinal tract which are not highly pathogenic but are frequent causes of nosocomial infection.

Enterococci

•Grow in the presence of 40% bile •6.5% sodium chloride • pH 9.6 •Growth at 45degC

Enterococci

What does Enterococci look in Mac Conkey agar?

Tint magenta coloured colonies

What is the treatment for Enterococci?

Penicillin + Aminoglycosides, Vancomycin

•Heat resistant - survives 60degC for 30 minutes •Pairs of oval cocci, arranged at an angle to each other •Non hemolytic

Enterococci

What are used for the identification of Enterococci?

Mannitol, Sucrose, Sorbitol fermentation, Bile Esculin hydrolysis

•Present in intestine, genital tract and saliva • It can cause urinary tract infection and wound infection. •Intrinsically resistant to cephalosporins

Enterococci

What are the specimens used for the laboratory diagnosis of Enterococci?

Blood, Urine, Wound secretions

What are the Laboratory Diagnosis methods used for Enterococci?

Gram stain, Culture media, Biochemical test, PYR test, Antimicrobial susceptibility test

What culture media is used in Laboratory diagnosis for Enterococci?

TSB or BHI with 5% sheep's blood

What are diff types of Biochemical test for Enterococci?

Bile esculin, 6.5% NACl test, Acid production

What is the positive result of Bile esculin test for the Laboratory test of Enterococci?

Black colony complex within 48 hours

What is the positive result of 6.5% NaCl test for the Laboratory test of Enterococci?

Turbidity and growth for the enterococci

What is the positive result of PYR test for the Laboratory test of Enterococci?

Bright pink to cherry red color

What are used for the antimicrobial susceptibility test of Enterococci?

Penicillin, Efromycin acid disk(100 ug)

True/False: Enterococci are NOT resistant to Penicillin

False

True/False: Enterococci are resistant to Efromycin acid disk (100 ug).

True

• Formerly known as nutritionally variant streptococci (NVS) • Part of human oral and GI microbiota • Culture: colonies appear as "satellites" around organism

Abiotrophia, Granulicatolla

How does Abiotrophia and Granulicatolla look like in culture media?

Colonies appear as "satellites" around organism

What are the different Stretococcus-like organisms?

Aerococcus, Gemella, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus

This streptococcus-like organism is a common airborne bacterium which resembles viridans streptococci.

Aerococcus

This streptococcus-like organism has similar colonial morphology to viridans streptococci.

Gemella

This streptococcus-like organism is formerly under the group N. streptococci. And is similar to enterococci but does not produce acid from carbohydrates.

Lactococcus

This streptococcus-like organism is frequently found in plant surfaces, vegetables and in milk products.

Leuconostoc

This streptococcus-like organism has resistance to vancomycin that is similar to Leuconostoc.

Pediococcus

•Streptococci normally resident in the mouth and upper respiratory tract •Alpha lysis on blood agar •Cannot be categorised under lancefield antigenic groups •Causes dental caries • Tooth extraction seeding into blood stream endocarditis - hence give prophylactic antibiotics

Viridans group

What are the different types of Viridans group?

Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salvarius, Streptococcus bovis, Streptococcus anginosus

•Grow poorly on blood agar •Minute streptococci •Streptococcus MG - alphalytic strain - isolated from Primary atypical pneumonia

Streptococcus MG

It is also known as minute streptococci

Streptococci MG

•Upper respiratory infections •Endocarditis, osteomyelitis, brain abscess •Penicillin tolerance •Treat with penicillin and gentamicin •Source of streptokinase used for thrombolytic therapy in patients

Streptococci equisimilis

It is the the source of Streptokinase for thrombolytic therapy in patients.

Streptococci equisimilis

Streptococci equisimilis is treat with what?

Penicillin, Gentamicin

•Christie, Atkins and Munch-Peterson •When Strep. agalactiae is inoculated perpendicular to a streak of Staph. aureus grown on blood agar ----> an accentuated zone of hemolysis occurs

CAMP test

What will happen if Strep. agalactiae is inoculated perpendicular to a streak of Staph. aureus grown on blood agar?

An accentuated zone of hemolysis occurs

Who invented CAMP test?

Christie, Atkins, Munch-Peterson

•Neonatal infection •Most common cause of neonatal meningitis •Source - from the maternal vagina during birth •GBS puerperal sepsis, pneumonia •Diagnostic markers - Hippurate hydrolysis, CAMP test

Streptococcus agalactiae

What are the diagnostic markers of Streptococcus agalactiae?

Hippurate hydrolysis, CAMP test

What is the source of Streptococcus agalactiae?

From the maternal vagina during birth

It causes Neonatal infection and is the most common cause of neonatal menigitis

Streptococcus agalactiae

•Site of infection - Throat or skin •Prior sensitisation - not necessary •Serotype 49,53-55,59-61 and 1,12 •Moderate immune response •Complement level - lowered •Genetic susceptibility - Absent •Repeated attacks - Absent •Penicillin prophylaxis is not indicated

Acute glomerulonephritis

•Site of infection - Throat •Prior sensitization is essential •Serotype - Any •Marked immune response •Unaffected complement level •Genetic susceptibility - present •Repeated attacks - common •Penicillin prophylaxis is essential

Acute rheumatic fever

NOTICE THE DIFFERENCE!!

DONE

True/False: Prior sensitization is NOT necessary in Acute glomerulonephritis

True

True/False: Prior sensitization is NOT essential in Acute rheumatic fever.

False

What is/are the Serotype of Acute glomerulonephritis?

49, 53-55, 59-61 and 1, 12

What are the virulence factors of the Viridans group?

Polysaccharide capsule and cytolysin, Extracellular dextran, Adhesins, M protein, Enzymes

What are the types under the viridans group?

S. mitis, S. mutans, S. salivarius, S. anginosus, S. bovis

Streptococcus mutans group includes:

Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus

Streptococcus mitis group includes:

Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus oralis

Streptococcus salivarius group includes:

Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus vestibularis

Streptococcus anginosus group includes:

Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus constellatus, Streptococcus intermedius

Streptococcus bovis group includes:

Streptococcus equinus, Streptococcus gallolyticus, Streptococcus infantarius, Streptococcus alactolyticus

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the causative agent of _________________.

Lobar pneumonia

What are the virulence factor of Strep. pneumoniae?

Capsule, Toxins, Hemolysins, Immunoglobin A protease, Neuraminidase, Hyaluronidase

Translation(Pre-finals)

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 55問 · 2年前

Translation(Pre-finals)