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問題一覧
1
It is known as the Zoonotic bacteria
Pasteurella
2
All Bordetella species are non-carbohydrate fermenters and are non-motile except for _________________.
Bordetella bronchiseptica
3
True/False: Bordetella are mostly active in biochemical test systems
False
4
Medium used in the culture of Bordetella
Bordet-Gengou agar
5
Sheka was observing a Bordet-gengou agar and she notices the formation of colonies that are smooth, glistening and silver color. What do you think is the bacteria that she have observed?
Bordetella
6
What are the growth factors of the Bordetella?
Nicotonic acid Cysteine Methionine
7
What are the species of the genus Bordetella?
Bordetella pertussis Bordetella parapertussis Bordetella bronchiseptica Bordetella avium
8
What is the other term for Bordetella Pertussis?
Bordet-Gengou Bacillus
9
It is the Ethiologic agent of whooping cough and does not survive outside the host
Bordetella pertussis
10
Describe the appearance of Bordetella pertussis in Bordet-Gengou Agar
Colonies are small and shiny and resembles mercury drops
11
What are the growth inhibitors of Bordetella pertussis?
Fatty acids Metal ions Sulfides Peroxides
12
What are the Growth protectors of Bordetella pertussis?
Charcoal Blood Starch
13
It is highly contagious, acute infection of upper respiratory tract & primarily affects children.
Whooping cough (Pertussis)
14
What is the mode of acquisition of Bordetella pertussis?
Inhalation of infected droplets
15
How long is the incubation period of Bordetella pertussis?
7-14 days
16
What are the 3 stages of Whooping cough?
Catarrhal stage Paroxysmal stage Convalescent stage
17
In this stage of whooping cough, symptoms slowly decline, may last for six months after
Convalescent stage
18
This stage of whooping cough is associated with vomiting and “whooping” or hurried deep respiration that may last for six weeks.
Paroxysmal stage
19
Highly communicable stage of whooping cough characterized by mucous membrane inflammation and mild coughing with runny nose.
Catarrhal stage
20
What are the specimens used in the Laboratory diagnosis of Bordetella?
Nasopharyngeal swabs Bronchoalveolar lavage
21
What are the tests used in the laboratory diagnosis of Bordetella?
Gram stain Culture Serologic test Nucleic acid test
22
In the gram stain of Bordetella, The use of two-minute ________ or 0.2% basic fuchsin as counterstain enhances its visibility.
Safranin
23
What is the serologic test that is use to examine Bordetella species?
Direct Fluorescent Antibody(DFA) stains
24
Rapid test and considered as more sensitive test than cultures and DFA assays in identifying bordetella species.
Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)
25
What are used for the culture of Bordetella?
Regan-Lowe agar Bordet-Gengou potato infusion agar Modified Jones-Kendrick charcoal agar Casamino acid broth
26
It is a category A select bioterrorism agent that requires to be processed according to biosafety level 3 conditions.
Francisella tularensis
27
Very small, obligately aerobic, non-motile coccobacillus under the genus Francisella and transmitted by a vector.
Francisella tularensis
28
It is considered as a potential bioterrorism weapon since it easily spreads with a high mortality rate.
Francisella tularensis
29
What is the Virulence factor of Francisella tularensis?
Capsule
30
What is the vector of Francisella tularensis?
Deer flies and ticks
31
What is the reservoir of Francisella tularensis?
Cottontail rabbit
32
Sheka was viewing the microscope and she notice a Gram negative bacilli with bipolar staining, what do you think is the bacteria that she have seen?
Francisella tularensis
33
What are the growth factors of Francisella tularensis?
Cysteine Thiosulfate
34
In the biochemical test of Francisella tularensis, an agglutination titer of _______ is diagnostic
1:40
35
What is/are the disease caused by Francisella tularensis?
Tularemia(deer fly or rabbit fever)
36
What are the tests performed in the laboratory diagnosis of Francisella tularensis?
Gram stain Culture
37
What is required to visualize organisms that are obtained from a blood culture bottle?
Acridine orange stain
38
What are the medium used for the culture of Francisella tularensis?
CAP MTM BCYE MHA TSB
39
True/False: Growth of Francisella tularensis is not enhanced by incubation at an increased carbon dioxide.
True
40
True/False: Francisella tularensis can grow in MAC
False
41
Francisella tularensis are slowly growing organisms which requires ______ for colony formation.
2-4 days
42
They are facultatively anaerobic and non-motile. And are isolated from animal bites (mainly from cats) or scratch wounds.
Pasteurella
43
Species of Pasteurella grow well on BAP and CAP but most species can not grow on _____.
MAC
44
What are the Virulence factors of Pasteurella?
Endotoxin Capsule
45
Sheka was observing the microscope and she sees a Small, straight, Gram-negative bacilli with a "safety-pin" appearance. What do you think is the bacteria that she have seen?
Pasteurella
46
What are medium used in the culture of Pasteurella?
BAP CAP
47
Describe the appearance of Pasteurella in BAP and CAP
Colonies are gray and non-haemolytic
48
What are the biochemical test result for Pasteurella?
Oxidase positive Catalase positive Indole positive Weak glucose fermenter
49
What are the species of the genus Pasteurella?
Pasteurella multocida Pasteurella stomatis Pasteurella dagmatis Pasteurella bettyae Pasteurella canis
50
It is the most commonly isolated Pasteurella species in humans
Pasteurella multocida
51
Common isolate in dog and cat bite and grows only on BAP and susceptible to penicillin
Pasteurella multocida
52
Its culture has a characteristic of "mushroom smell".
Pasteurella multocida
53
Biochemical test and results for Pasteurella multocida
Oxidase positive OD positive Indole positive Urease positive ONPG negative
54
This specie of Pasteurella is isolated from amniotic fluid , blood and urogenital specimens from humans
Pasteurella bettyae
55
This specie of Pasteurella can be sexually be transmitted, a glucose and lactose fermenters and can grow in MAC
Pasteurella bettyae
56
Biochemical test and result for Pasteurella bettyae
Catalase positive Variable Indole production of oxidase
57
It is the only genus in the family Legionellaceae
Legionella
58
Fastidious, aerobic motile, and non-carbohydrate fermenter and is primarily acquired through inhalation
Legionella
59
Sheka was observing the microscope and she sees a Faintly staining, thin, gram-negative, bacillary or coccobacillary in form. What do you think is the bacteria that is focused in the microscope?
Legionella
60
Biochemical test and results for Legionella
Catalase positive Gelatinase positive Weak positive oxidase
61
What are the major reservoirs for Legionella?
Hot water system Cooling towers Evaporative condensers
62
They can infect and multiply within some free-living amoebae, ciliated protozoa and biofilms.
Legionella
63
They can be isolated from lakes, rivers, hot springs and mud. And cannot grow on routine primary plated media like BAP.
Legionella
64
They can tolerate up to 3mg/L of chlorine and thus resist water disinfection treatment
Legionella
65
What are the primary clinical manifestations of Legionella pneumophila?
Legionnaire's disease Pontiac fever Wound abscess and Encephalitis
66
It is also known as legionellosis which is a febrile and pneumonic illness.
Legionnaire's disease
67
True/False: Direct physical contact does not spread the infection(Legionnaire's disease).
True
68
It is a non-fatal respiratory infection that resembles an allergic disease, but exhibits the symptoms of pneumonia.
Pontiac fever
69
What are the tests used in the laboratory diagnosis of Legionella?
Gram stain Culture Serologic test Rapid methods
70
What are the preferred specimens for the laboratory diagnosis of Legionella?
Sputum Bronchoalveolar lavage
71
What are the other specimens for the laboratory diagnosis of Legionella?
Urine Pleural fluid Blood Transbronchial ling biopsy material
72
What are the serologic tests for Legionella?
Indirect fluorescent Antibody(IFA) test Direct fluorescent Antibody(DFA) test
73
What are the Rapid methods for Legionella?
DNA test(PCR) Urine antigen test
74
What are the selective medium for the culture of Legionella?
BCYE with L-cysteine Ferric salt A-ketoglutarate
75
It is the most important test for the Legionella species
Culture
76
It is the most commonly isolated human pathogen in the genus Legionella
Legionella pneumophila
77
It is the agent of Legionnaire's disease and Pontiac fever
Legionella pneumophila
78
It invades the bronchoalveolar macrophage, which is a facultative intracellular pathogen.
Legionella pneumophila
79
True/False: Legionella pneumophila is isolated in air-conditioned units, cooling towers, humidifiers, and nebulizers.
True
80
What are the serogroups under Legionella pneumophila?
1 to 7
81
What serogroups are associated with Legionnaire's disease?
Serogroup 1, 4 and 6
82
What is the preferred medium for the culture of Legionella pneumophila?
BCYE with L-cysteine that is buffered to pH 6.9
83
Describe the appearance of Legionella pneumophila in BCYE
Colonies are blue-green and glistening and have a convex elevation
84
What is the principal virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis?
Pertussis toxin (protein toxin)
85
Member of the HACEK group that has the tendency to resist decolorization
Kingella
86
It is the most virulent specie of Kingella
Kingella kingae