Small, Pleomorphic Gram-negative bacilli Part 2

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 55問 · 2年前

通報

問題一覧

It is known as the Zoonotic bacteria

Pasteurella

All Bordetella species are non-carbohydrate fermenters and are non-motile except for _________________.

Bordetella bronchiseptica

True/False: Bordetella are mostly active in biochemical test systems

False

Medium used in the culture of Bordetella

Bordet-Gengou agar

Sheka was observing a Bordet-gengou agar and she notices the formation of colonies that are smooth, glistening and silver color. What do you think is the bacteria that she have observed?

Bordetella

What are the growth factors of the Bordetella?

Nicotonic acid Cysteine Methionine

What are the species of the genus Bordetella?

Bordetella pertussis Bordetella parapertussis Bordetella bronchiseptica Bordetella avium

What is the other term for Bordetella Pertussis?

Bordet-Gengou Bacillus

It is the Ethiologic agent of whooping cough and does not survive outside the host

Bordetella pertussis

Describe the appearance of Bordetella pertussis in Bordet-Gengou Agar

Colonies are small and shiny and resembles mercury drops

What are the growth inhibitors of Bordetella pertussis?

Fatty acids Metal ions Sulfides Peroxides

What are the Growth protectors of Bordetella pertussis?

Charcoal Blood Starch

It is highly contagious, acute infection of upper respiratory tract & primarily affects children.

Whooping cough (Pertussis)

What is the mode of acquisition of Bordetella pertussis?

Inhalation of infected droplets

How long is the incubation period of Bordetella pertussis?

7-14 days

What are the 3 stages of Whooping cough?

Catarrhal stage Paroxysmal stage Convalescent stage

In this stage of whooping cough, symptoms slowly decline, may last for six months after

Convalescent stage

This stage of whooping cough is associated with vomiting and “whooping” or hurried deep respiration that may last for six weeks.

Paroxysmal stage

Highly communicable stage of whooping cough characterized by mucous membrane inflammation and mild coughing with runny nose.

Catarrhal stage

What are the specimens used in the Laboratory diagnosis of Bordetella?

Nasopharyngeal swabs Bronchoalveolar lavage

What are the tests used in the laboratory diagnosis of Bordetella?

Gram stain Culture Serologic test Nucleic acid test

In the gram stain of Bordetella, The use of two-minute ________ or 0.2% basic fuchsin as counterstain enhances its visibility.

Safranin

What is the serologic test that is use to examine Bordetella species?

Direct Fluorescent Antibody(DFA) stains

Rapid test and considered as more sensitive test than cultures and DFA assays in identifying bordetella species.

Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)

What are used for the culture of Bordetella?

Regan-Lowe agar Bordet-Gengou potato infusion agar Modified Jones-Kendrick charcoal agar Casamino acid broth

It is a category A select bioterrorism agent that requires to be processed according to biosafety level 3 conditions.

Francisella tularensis

Very small, obligately aerobic, non-motile coccobacillus under the genus Francisella and transmitted by a vector.

Francisella tularensis

It is considered as a potential bioterrorism weapon since it easily spreads with a high mortality rate.

Francisella tularensis

What is the Virulence factor of Francisella tularensis?

Capsule

What is the vector of Francisella tularensis?

Deer flies and ticks

What is the reservoir of Francisella tularensis?

Cottontail rabbit

Sheka was viewing the microscope and she notice a Gram negative bacilli with bipolar staining, what do you think is the bacteria that she have seen?

Francisella tularensis

What are the growth factors of Francisella tularensis?

Cysteine Thiosulfate

In the biochemical test of Francisella tularensis, an agglutination titer of _______ is diagnostic

1:40

What is/are the disease caused by Francisella tularensis?

Tularemia(deer fly or rabbit fever)

What are the tests performed in the laboratory diagnosis of Francisella tularensis?

Gram stain Culture

What is required to visualize organisms that are obtained from a blood culture bottle?

Acridine orange stain

What are the medium used for the culture of Francisella tularensis?

CAP MTM BCYE MHA TSB

True/False: Growth of Francisella tularensis is not enhanced by incubation at an increased carbon dioxide.

True

True/False: Francisella tularensis can grow in MAC

False

Francisella tularensis are slowly growing organisms which requires ______ for colony formation.

2-4 days

They are facultatively anaerobic and non-motile. And are isolated from animal bites (mainly from cats) or scratch wounds.

Pasteurella

Species of Pasteurella grow well on BAP and CAP but most species can not grow on _____.

MAC

What are the Virulence factors of Pasteurella?

Endotoxin Capsule

Sheka was observing the microscope and she sees a Small, straight, Gram-negative bacilli with a "safety-pin" appearance. What do you think is the bacteria that she have seen?

Pasteurella

What are medium used in the culture of Pasteurella?

BAP CAP

Describe the appearance of Pasteurella in BAP and CAP

Colonies are gray and non-haemolytic

What are the biochemical test result for Pasteurella?

Oxidase positive Catalase positive Indole positive Weak glucose fermenter

What are the species of the genus Pasteurella?

Pasteurella multocida Pasteurella stomatis Pasteurella dagmatis Pasteurella bettyae Pasteurella canis

It is the most commonly isolated Pasteurella species in humans

Pasteurella multocida

Common isolate in dog and cat bite and grows only on BAP and susceptible to penicillin

Pasteurella multocida

Its culture has a characteristic of "mushroom smell".

Pasteurella multocida

Biochemical test and results for Pasteurella multocida

Oxidase positive OD positive Indole positive Urease positive ONPG negative

This specie of Pasteurella is isolated from amniotic fluid , blood and urogenital specimens from humans

Pasteurella bettyae

This specie of Pasteurella can be sexually be transmitted, a glucose and lactose fermenters and can grow in MAC

Pasteurella bettyae

Biochemical test and result for Pasteurella bettyae

Catalase positive Variable Indole production of oxidase

It is the only genus in the family Legionellaceae

Legionella

Fastidious, aerobic motile, and non-carbohydrate fermenter and is primarily acquired through inhalation

Legionella

Sheka was observing the microscope and she sees a Faintly staining, thin, gram-negative, bacillary or coccobacillary in form. What do you think is the bacteria that is focused in the microscope?

Legionella

Biochemical test and results for Legionella

Catalase positive Gelatinase positive Weak positive oxidase

What are the major reservoirs for Legionella?

Hot water system Cooling towers Evaporative condensers

They can infect and multiply within some free-living amoebae, ciliated protozoa and biofilms.

Legionella

They can be isolated from lakes, rivers, hot springs and mud. And cannot grow on routine primary plated media like BAP.

Legionella

They can tolerate up to 3mg/L of chlorine and thus resist water disinfection treatment

Legionella

What are the primary clinical manifestations of Legionella pneumophila?

Legionnaire's disease Pontiac fever Wound abscess and Encephalitis

It is also known as legionellosis which is a febrile and pneumonic illness.

Legionnaire's disease

True/False: Direct physical contact does not spread the infection(Legionnaire's disease).

True

It is a non-fatal respiratory infection that resembles an allergic disease, but exhibits the symptoms of pneumonia.

Pontiac fever

What are the tests used in the laboratory diagnosis of Legionella?

Gram stain Culture Serologic test Rapid methods

What are the preferred specimens for the laboratory diagnosis of Legionella?

Sputum Bronchoalveolar lavage

What are the other specimens for the laboratory diagnosis of Legionella?

Urine Pleural fluid Blood Transbronchial ling biopsy material

What are the serologic tests for Legionella?

Indirect fluorescent Antibody(IFA) test Direct fluorescent Antibody(DFA) test

What are the Rapid methods for Legionella?

DNA test(PCR) Urine antigen test

What are the selective medium for the culture of Legionella?

BCYE with L-cysteine Ferric salt A-ketoglutarate

It is the most important test for the Legionella species

Culture

It is the most commonly isolated human pathogen in the genus Legionella

Legionella pneumophila

It is the agent of Legionnaire's disease and Pontiac fever

Legionella pneumophila

It invades the bronchoalveolar macrophage, which is a facultative intracellular pathogen.

Legionella pneumophila

True/False: Legionella pneumophila is isolated in air-conditioned units, cooling towers, humidifiers, and nebulizers.

True

What are the serogroups under Legionella pneumophila?

1 to 7

What serogroups are associated with Legionnaire's disease?

Serogroup 1, 4 and 6

What is the preferred medium for the culture of Legionella pneumophila?

BCYE with L-cysteine that is buffered to pH 6.9

Describe the appearance of Legionella pneumophila in BCYE

Colonies are blue-green and glistening and have a convex elevation

What is the principal virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis?

Pertussis toxin (protein toxin)

Member of the HACEK group that has the tendency to resist decolorization

Kingella

It is the most virulent specie of Kingella

Kingella kingae

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