It is the ability of microorganisms to cause diseases. Also refers to the degree of pathogenicity.

What are factors influencing Microbial Virulence?

What are the Host Resistance Factors?

What are the two types of Microbiota?

They temporarily inhabit, multiply in, and colonize an area for months or years

They inhabit (but do not multiply) and colonize an area until they are eliminated by either the host's inherent immune defense or competition with the resident microbiota.

It is the process by which certain cells called phagocytes engulf and dispose of microorganisms and cell debris.

PMN leukocytes and macrophages are examples of what?

They ingest and destroy bacteria and other foreign particles through a process known as endocytosis.

It is a condition that serves as a reinforcement mechanism against microbial survival and proliferation in tissues and organs.

What are some signs that may indicate an inflammation?

What are the components of Inflamation?

What are the Microbiotas located on the Skin?

It is also known as Diphtheroids

What are the Microbiota located at the Mouth and Oral Cavity?

What are the Microbiota located at the Upper Respiratory Tract?

What are the Microbiota located at the Nasopharynx?

What are the Microbiota located at the Colon?

What are Microbiota that can be located at the Urethra?

It provides the human host with the ability to create a specific protective response against microorganisms. And "memorizes" all of the encountered microorganisms.

How long does it takes for the normal immune system to remove the bacteria from the blood?

What may possibly reduce and alter the host's immune response?

What are two types of specific immunity?

This type of immunity is antibody-mediated.

This type of immunity is cell mediated.

It is based on the action of soluble proteins called antibodies that occur in the body fluids and on the plasma membrane of B-lymphocytes.

It is based on the action of specific kinds of T-lymphocytes that directly attack the cells that are infected with viruses, parasites, cancer cells, or transplanted cells.

It is the protection of susceptible humans and domestic animals from communicable diseases through the administration of vaccines.

It is the specific response of the host to an invading organism.

It is the ability of the B-lymphocytes to recall pathogens during the primary encounter leading to a higher antibody response on the second encounter.

It is a major genetically determined change in the antigenic property of an organism in which it becomes unrecognizable by the host's immune system.

It is a minor antigenic change as a result of mutation in the organism strains. And facilitates the pathogen in avoiding host-immune responses.

These are antibodies that are attached to the surface of pathogens and which kill the bacteria by lysis.

This is the non-specific response that activates chemotaxis, or the process which phagocytes are directed to the site of replication and engulf the invading organism.

They are are attached to the surface of microorganism and which block surface receptors.

It is the transient type immunization that is administered to individuals without fully activating the person's immune system to create the corresponding antibodies to diseases.

These are attached to the surface of microorganisms and which render pathogens susceptible phagocytosis.

What are the Infectious Agents factors?

What are the two types of toxins?

It is known to be one of the most lethal substances. Mostly present in Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. •do not require bacterial death to be released into circulation. •do not produce fever to the host

Exotoxin are either secreted or excreted by what?

Give some examples of Exotoxin.

What bacteria produces Exotoxin?

It is composed of the LPS of the cell wall and present only in Gram negative bacteria. It stimulates the fever center in the hypothalamus.

True/False: Endotoxins are released when bacteria dies and cell wall undergo lysis.

True/False: The toxicity of Endotoxin is NOT due to the lipid A portion of the LPS.

It is the process of penetrating and growing in tissues.

it is the spread of microorganisms to distant body sites.

What are the Routes of Transmission of Infectious agents?

What diseases can be acquired through Inhalation?

Microorganisms that can be transmitted by food and water

True/False: Gastric enzymes and juices in the stomach prevent the survival of most organisms

It refers to the passage of organism through salivary, skin, and genital contact.

It cause infection through the normal oral microbiota

The infection multiply within the ______________ which transmits the microorganisms while feeding off a human host

These animal diseases that depends on the contact with animals or animal by-product for transmission

It is the study of occurence, distribution and cause of disease or injury.

What are the factors contributing to Epidemiology?

What are the 4 types of Carrier

They harbors the microorganisms temporarily for a few days or weeks.

They remains infected for a relatively long time sometimes throughout its entire life.

An individual who has recovered from infection but continues to harbour large numbers of the pathogen.

An individual who has an overt clinical case of the disease

The organism or disease are indigenous to or constantly present in a geographic area or population

It affects a significantly large number of people in a short period of time.

It affects huge population across the regions like several countries or a continent

It is the number of times a new event occurs in a given period.

It is the time between the exposure to a pathogen and the onset of symptoms.

It is the number of cases of a disease in a specified population during a defined time interval.

It is the number of deaths due to a disease in a population

It is the source of an infection, which may be a person, animal or any object from the environment.

Phagocytes ingest and destroy bacteria and other foreign particles through a process known as _________________.