When there is fat-containing vacuoles in WBC cytoplasm, Ichthyosis

rod-like structure seen in the cytoplasm of myeloblasts, diagnostic for Acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML)

What are the diff kinds of Clonal(neoplastic) disorders of WBC?

Giant platelets, Dohle-bodies like inclusions seen even in monocytes indicates what anomaly?

Dense azurophilic granules, mucopolysaccharidoses indicates what anomaly?

Failure of normal segmentation of nucleus, bi-lobed nucleus or stab forms only, "pince-nez nucleus" indicates what anomaly?

•Degeneration of cytoplasm begins to acquire holes or as result of active phagocytosis •May reflect increased lysosomal activity •Found in: -septicemia -severe infection

Where is Vacuolated neutrophil found?

• Result from condensing of nuclear chromatin into a solid structure mass with no pattern • Not counted in differential cell count

• Can be seen occasionally in normal peripheral blood smear Larger than normal neutrophils and generally hyperlobulated • Found in frequency of 1 in every 20,000 neutrophils but increase in disease states

•Disintegrating nucleus of ruptured WBC

• Autosomal dominant trait •m, blue-gray Döhle bodies •Aggregates of mRNA •Leukopenia •Thrombocytopenia •Giant platelets

•Large azurophilic granules •Caused by: -Infections -Serious burns -Septicemia -drug poisoning

Class I and II are interpreted as what?

Class III are interpreted as what?

Class IV and V are interpreted as what?

What are the Classes under Arneths?

One round or indented nucleus (blasts) =5%

2 lobes of nucleus =35%

3 lobes of nucleus=41%

4 lobes of nucleus=17%

5 lobes or more of nucleus (oldest)- 2%

•Increase in Classes IV and V or the mature and old forms -Congenital hypersegmentation, liver disease, pernicious anemia, sprue and steatorrhea

•INCREASE- I & II OR YOUNG FORMS -acute infection, acidosis, leukemia, malignant tumor, MI, severe hemorrhage

What is the Normal Index of Arneths and how it is obtained?

Give the complete Schilling Classification

Increase in young forms

Increased in young forms with high WBC-acute infections like appendicitis and acute sepsis

Increase in young forms accompanied by normal or low WBC-typhoid fever and TB

Increased in mature and old forms-pernicious anemia

What are the Schillings normal values?

_____________________ together with Hydrogen peroxide and halide kills bacteria.

_____________ or _____________present in primary and 2ndary granules degrades glycopeptides & hydrolyzes carbohydrates of the bacterial cell wall

Derived from a single precursor cell with all the affected cells(progeny) showing features of deviation frim the precursor cell

Squash- degenerated nucleus of WBCs

It is highly contagious viral disease caused by Epstein-Barr virus; excessive # of agranulocytes; fatigue, sore throat, recover in a few weeks

In this stage of the granulocyte, the size of the cell is 10-15 um, has a kidney/indented nucleus, a coarse and clumped chromatin and no Nucleoli.

It refers to cancerous conditions involving WBCs and is named according to the abnormal WBC clone involved.

In this stage of the granulocyte, the size of the cell is 9-15 um, has a Elongated/band nucleus, a coarse and clumped chromatin and no Nucleoli.

Abnormally low WBC count---- drug induced

In this stage of the granulocyte, the size of the cell is 9-15 um, has a 2-5 lobes nucleus, a highly condensed nucleus and no Nucleoli.

In this stage of the granulocyte, the size of the cell is 9-15 um, has a 2 lobes nucleus, a condensed nucleus and no Nucleoli.

What are the different types of Abnormal granulocyte morphology (acquired)?

What is the cytoplasm staining of myeloblast?

Where is Chediak-Higashi Syndrome (Autosomal recessive disorder) found?

•Rare,fatal disorder found in children • Inherited as an autosomal recessive char. • Contain very large,reddish- purple or greenish-gray staining granules in the cytoplasm of granulocytes • In monocytes & lymphocytes, stain bluish-purple •These granules represent abnormal lysosomes Found in: -anemia -neutropenia -thrombocytopenia

•Heavy,coarse blue-black granules of BEN & sometimes lymphocytes & monocytes • Inherited condition • Associated with Hurler's syndrome & Hunter's syndrome

Where is toxic granulation found?

• Dark blue-black cytoplasmic granules in neutrophil •Thought as primary granules • Show inc.alkaline phosphatase activity Found in: -acute infections -drug poisoning -burns

-Sex chromatin -Represents the second X chromosome in females (2-3% of neutrophils in females) -Small, well-defined,round projection of nuclear chromatin -These cells are not found in normal males

Where are Hypersegmented Neutrophils found?

-Neutrophils with six or more lobed nucleus -Represents an abnormality in maturation of neutrophil -Acquired (in megaloblastic erythropoiesis) or inherited (Undritz anomaly) • Found in: pernicious anemia

-Indicates failure of neutrophil to segment properly -Bi-lobed nucleus; chromatin is coarsely clumped -May be inherited or acquired (as in leukemias) -Heterozygous for this char.shows numerous bi- lobed (dumbell shape); homozygous-round neutrophil

Abnormal High count of WBC count may be due to:

What are the functions of Monocytes and Macrophages?

What does monocytes secretes that activates helper cells?

Describe the nucleus of Macrophages

-The tissue component of the monocyte system -Larger than monocytes and measures 15-80um -Have irregular cell membrane, often with blebs and psuedopodia

In this stage of the Plasma cells production, the size of the cell is 8-20 um. Its nucleus is eccentric and exhibits cartwheel appearance. And it has a deeply basophilic, Non granular, abundant large, well-defined hof/perinuclear halo cytoplasm.

In this stage of the Plasma cells production, the size of the cell is 15-25 um. Its nucleus is eccentric. And it has an intensely Basophilic cytoplasm.

In this stage of the Plasma cells production, the size of the cell is 18-25 um. Its nucleus is eccentric (off center). And it has a Basophilic, abundant and Non-granular cytoplasm.

In this stage of the Monocyte production, the size of the cell is 14-20 um, and it has a Round, kidney shaped nucleus, showing brain like convultions, with no nuclei visible, and Blue-gray cytoplasm with many fine azurophilic granules.

In this stage of the Monocyte production, the size of the cell is 14-18 um, and it has a Oval, indented or folded nucleus, Blue-gray cytoplasm

In this stage of the Monocyte production, the size of the cell is 12-20 um, and it has a Round with folding and clefting nucleus, 1-2 nuclei, and has a Basophilic and Non granular cytoplasm.

What are the stages of Monocyte production?

A high number of WBCs is called as what?

It is a stage of lymphocyte wherein its cytoplasm is abundant, clear and very pale blue in color