Cell Structure

82問 • 2年前

問題一覧

Observe and type YES if done

YES

In 1665, He used a microscope to examine a thin slice of cork, what he saw look like small boxes and he named them as 'cells'.

Robert Hooke

He is responsible for naming cells

Robert Hooke

In 1673, He was the first to view organism(living things)

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

He used a simple, handheld microscope to view pond water and scraping from his teeth.

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

In 1838, He was a German botanist who concluded that all plants were made of cells. He was also a cofounder of the cell theory.

Matthias Schleiden

In 1839, He was a German zoologist who concluded that all animals were made of cells, he is also a cofounder of the cell theory.

Theodore Schwann

In 1885, He was a German medical doctor who observed, under the microscope, cells dividing. And he reasoned all cells come from other pre-existing cells by cell division.

Rudolf Virchow

Write down the Cell Theory.

All living things are made of cells, Cells are the basic unit of life, Cells come from the reproduction of existing cells

Considered as the first cells

Prokaryotes

They are cells that lack a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles

Prokaryotes

-An example of this cell is a bacteria -Simplest type of cell -Single, circular chromosome

Prokaryotes

What part of the Prokaryotes contains the DNA?

Nucleid region

Prokaryotes are surrounded by:

Cell membrane, Cell wall

The cell wall of Prokaryotes contains _____________.

Peptidoglycan

What is contained within the prokaryote's cytoplasm which is used to make proteins?

Ribosomes

They are cells that have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Eukaryotes

______________ includes protists, fungi, plants and animalss. They are also the more complex type of cells.

Eukaryotes

The 3 basic cell structures of the Eukaryotes

Nucleus, Cell membrane, Cytoplasm with organelles

What are the two main types of Eukaryotic cells?

Animal cell, Plant cell

-They are very small(microscopic) -Perform various functions for a cell -Found in the cytoplasm -may or may not be membrane bound

Organelles

-Composed of double layer of phospholipids and proteins and they surrounds the outside of all cells. -It also controls what enters and leaves the cell

Cell membrane

Considered as the 'living layer' of a cell

Cell membrane

Has the ff characteristics: -Heads contain glycerol and phosphate and are hydrophilic -Tails are made of fatty acids and are hydrophobic -Make up a bilayer where tails point inward toward each other -can move laterally to allow small molecules to enter

Phospholipids

Attracts water

Hydrophilic

Repel water

Hydrophobic

True/False: Molecules in cell membranes are contantly moving and changing

True

Cell membrane proteins includes:

Integral proteins, Peripheral proteins

They help move large molecules or aid in cell recognition.

Proteins

This type of cell membrane proteins are attached on the surface (inner or outer).

Peripheral proteins

This type of cell membrane proteins are embedded completely through the membrane.

Integral proteins

Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane and provides a medium for chemical reactions to take place.

Cytoplasm

Contains the organelles which carries out specific jobs

Cytoplasm

-Controls the normal activities of the cell -Contains the DNA in chromosomes -Bounded by a nuclear envelope(membrane) with pores

Nucleus

It is usually the largest organelle

Nucleus

True/False: Each cells has no fixed numbers of chromosomes that carry genes.

False

True/False: Genes control cell characteristics

True

Double membrane surrounding the nucleus and contains NUCLEAR PORES for materials to enter and leave nucleus

Nuclear envelope

Other term for Nuclear Envelope

Nuclear membrane

What is found inside the nucleus?

DNA

DNA is spread out and appears as _______________ in non-dividing cells

Chromatin

DNA is condensed and wrapped around proteins forming as _________________ in dividing cells

Chromosomes

What is the hereditary material of the cell?

DNA

What makes up the DNA molecule code for different proteins?

Genes

Has the ff characteristics: -Located inside the nucleus -Dissapears when cell divides -Makes ribosomes that make proteins

Nucleolus

Responsible for making proteins

Ribosomes

It helps the cell in maintaining cell shape and helps move organelles around. It is made of proteins.

Cytoskeleton

They are threadlike and made of ACTIN

Microfilaments

They are tubelike and made TUBULIN

Microtubules

Parts of the Cytoskeleton

Microtubules, Microfilaments

-Found only in animal cells -Paired structures near nucleus -Made of bundle of microtubules -Appears during cell division forming mitotc spindle -Helps to pull chromosome pairs apart to opposite end of the cell

Centrioles

Its considered as the "Powerhouse" of the cell and they generate cellular energy(ATP)

Mitochondria

What is the site of CELLULAR RESPIRATION?

Mitochondria

True/False: Only animal cells have mitochondria

False

Mitochondria has its own DNA and folded inner membrane called _____________ which increases surface area for more chemical reactions.

Cristae

What is the 'interior' of the mitochondria called?

Matrix

Interesting fact is that Mitochondria comes from cytoplasm in the EGG cell during fertilization therefore You inherit your mitochondria from your mother READ AND TYPE YES IF DONE!!

YES

Has the ff characteristics: -Network of hollow membrane tubules -Connects to nuclear envelope and cell membrane -Functions in Synthesis of cells products and Transport

Endoplasmic reticulum

Two types of Endoplasmic reticulum

Rough ER, Smooth ER

It has ribosomes on its surface and makes membrane protein and proteins for export out of the cell

Rough ER

Proteins are made by ribosomes on ER surface and they are threaded into the interior of the ______________ to be modified and transported.

Rough ER

Has the ff functions: -Makes membrane lipids(steroids) -Regulates calcium(muscle cells) -Destroy toxic substance(Liver)

Smooth ER

It includes nuclear membrane connected to ER connected to cell membrane (transport)

Endomembrane system

Has the ff characteristics: -Made of Proteins and rRNA -"Protein factories" for cell -Join amino acids to make proteins through protein synthesis

Ribosomes

True/False: Ribosomes can be attached to Rough ER or be FREE in the cytoplasm

True

Has the ff characteristics: -Stacks of flattened sacs. -Having a shipping side(cis face) and a receiving side(trans face). -Receive proteins made by ER. -Transport vesicles with modified proteins pinch off the ends.

Golgi bodies

They look like a stact of pancakes and functions to modify, sort and package molecules from ER for storage or transport out of cell.

Golgi bodies

Materials are transported from Rough ER to Golgi to the cell membrane by _____________.

Vesicles

Has the ff characteristics: -Contain digestive enzymes. -Break doen food, bacteria and worn out cell parts for cells -Programmed for cell death -Lyse and release enzymes to break down and recycle cell parts

Lysosomes

Programmed cell death

Apoptosis

In this process: -Cells take in food by phagocytosis -Lysosomes digest food and and get rid of wastes

Lysosome digestion

Functions in moving cells, in moving fluids or in small particles across the cell surface

Cilia and Flagella

These motile structure are shorter and more numerous on cells

Cilia

These motile structure are longer and fewer(usually 1-3) on cells.

Flagella

Has the ff characteristics: -Found only in producers (organisms containing chlorophyll) -Use energy from sunlight to make own food (glucose) -Energy from sun stored in the Chemical Bonds of Sugars

Chloroplasts

Has the ff characteristics: -Fluid filled sacks for storage -small of absent in animal cells -includes storage of sugars, proteins, minerals, lipids, waste, salts, water and enzymes.

Vacuoles

True/False: Plants cells have a large Central Vacuole

True

What do vacuoles store in plants?

Cell sap

Has the ff characteristics: -Surrounded by double membrane -Outer membrane smooth -Inner membrane modified into sacs called Thylakoids -Thylakoids in stacks call Grana and interconnected

Chloroplasts

The chloroplast has an inner membrane modified into sacs called ____________.

Thylakoids

Thylakoids in stact is called ___________.

Grana

Gel like material surrounding thylakoids

Stroma

Translation(Pre-finals)

MAHATHIR ALPHA · 55問 · 2年前

Translation(Pre-finals)