TOPIC 3.1

93問 • 1年前

問題一覧

Force exerted by the blood against any unit area of the vessel wall

Measures bp and is an indirect measurement of the pressure inside an artery caused by blood flow through the artery

sphygmo

Physiologic variable that reflects the effects of cardiac output, peripheral vascular resistance and other hemodynamic factors

Contraction of left ventricle

systolic

Rest period of the heart

diastolic

Normal systolic

120 mmhg

Normal diastolic

80mmhg

140/90

stage 1 htn

>180/110

stage 3 htn

120-139/80-89

prehtn

Systolic pressure consistently below 100 mmhg; nonthreatening but hypotensive experience dizziness

htn

Tapping

Murmur or swishing

Crisp and louder

iii

Muffling then soft blowing

Disappear

Systolic

Diastolic

Second diastolic

The cuff should be _______ above the antecubital space

2.5cm

To deflate the cuff, release the valve on the inflation bulb so that the needle drops at the rate of ______ mmHg per second

2-3

Most common site to measure BP

brachial

Occassionally used for measuring BP; pts with known or suspected LE peripheral vascular diseases

femoral

Bladder in the cuff too narrow

erroneously high

Bladder is too wide

erroneously low

Width of the bladder should be ____ of the circumference of the midpoint of the limb

40%

The length of the bladder is also impt and should be approx. Twice the width of the bladder, or _____ of the arm circumference

80%

Decisions regarding the size of the bladder should be based on the

circumference of extremity

How many mins before retaking BP

1-2 mins

Taking BP: Round to the nearest lower value

false

If patient’s extremity is in hanging position in taking BP =

increased hydrostatic pressure

Average pressure that occurs during a single cardiac cycle

mean arterial pressure

MAP of 60 or higher is necessary to perfuse the body’s major oragns and vessels to maintain them

true

Some facilities prohibits pt whose MAP is less than 60mmHg

true

MAP FORMULA

[SBP+2(DBP)]/3

Inflow and outflow of air between the environment and lungs

respiration

Normal respiration for adult

12-18

Normal respiration for infants

30-50

Abnormal respiration

above 20, below 10

Number of breaths per minute

rate

Regularity of the pattern

rhythm

Amount of air exchanges with each respiration

depth

Deviations from normal, resting, quiet respiration

character

Normal respiration requires minimal effort for expiration and essentially no effort for inhalation

false

Breathing classification

upper chest, abdominal

Thorax elevates and expands during insp and abdomen remains relatively motionless

upper chest

During insp, exhibits expansion of the abdomen and the thorax remains relatively motionless

abdominal

During periods of respiratory distress, a person may experience both breathing patterns

true

Difficulty breathing, while recumbent and relieved when the pt sits or stands

orthopnea

Absence of breathing, SOB

apnea

Regular but abnormally deep and increased rate

kussmaul’s

Irregular, alternating periods of apnea

biot’s

Gradual increase in depth

cheyne strokes

Neck region

tracheal

High pitched, harsh, hollow and loud

tracheal

Loud, tubular, less-harsh sounds

bronchial

Manubrium of sternum

bronchial

Abnormal if heard in peripheral lung fields

bronchial

High pitched and soft

bronchovesicular

Scapulae

bronchovesicular

From mainstem bronchi

bronchovesicular

Soft and low pitched

vesicular

Periphery of both lung fields

vesicular

Expiratory phase heard is shorter than inspiratory phase

vesicular

Nonmusical/discontinuous

crackles or rales, pleural friction rub

Continuous/musical

wheezes, rhonchi, stridor

Asthma, bronchitis, interstitial lung disease, bronchiectasis and early congestive heart failure

crackles or rales

Sharp, discrete bursts of sound heard most commonly on insp, heard both insp and exp, sound like BRUSHING OR CREAKING sounds and found in pts with pneumothorax or pleural effusion

pleural friction rub

COPD, asthma, chronic bronchitis, congestive heart failure, pulmo edema, can be heard where OBSTRUCTION exists

wheezes

SNORING OR GURGLING and imply larger airway obstruction by secretion

rhonchi

Suggests obstruction of the TRACHEA AND LARYNX; considered medical emergency

stridor

High altitudes cause the respiration rate to increase until a person is acclimated

true

Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience

pain

Quantitative rating of the intensity of pain as reported by the patient using a standardized instrument that has demonstrated reliability and validity

pain screen

Evaluation of the cause of pt’s pain

pain assessment

Need to be performed several times per day to determine the effect of medications or other interventions designed to alleviate the pain

reassessment of pain

Select the best answer

written docu > oral responses

In initial assessment of pain, clinician should determine and document the ff elements

onset, pattern, location, pain questionnaire results, description, what act is affected, rate

Ability to execute smooth, accurate, controlled movement

coordination

Age related changes in coordination

decreased strength, slow reaction time, decreased ROM, postural changes, impaired balance

Secondary to stroke

cerebellar pathology

Affinity for post fossa such as medulloblastoma and astrocytomas

cerebellar pathology

Underlies titubation, truncal ataxia, orthostatic tremor and gait imbalance

midline

Contribute to limb ataxia, dysarthria and hypotonia

hemisphere

Influences posture and gait as well as causing eye movement disorders

posterior

MIDLINE

vermis, paleocerebellum

HEMISPHERES

neocerebellum

POSTERIOR

flocculonodular lobe, archicerebellum

Poverty and slowness of movement

basal ganglia pathology

Involuntary, extraneous movement

basal ganglia pathology

Alterations in posture and muscle tone

basal ganglia pathology

Present on a continuum of motor behavior from severely diminished as seen in advanced PD to excessive extraneous movements apparent with Huntington disease

basal ganglia pathology

Ataxia

cerebellar pathology

ROM

Kyla Rafols · 71問 · 2年前

ROM