AQUATICS

通報

問題一覧

use of water that facilitates the application of established therapeutic interventions

aquatic exercise

Therapeutic interventions established in aquatic exercise

stretching, strengthening, joint mobilization, balance and gait training, endurance training

Goal of aquatic exercise is to enhance delivery of manual techniques

true

Goal of aquatic exercise is to provide four dimensional access to the patient

false

Goal of aquatic exercise is to initiate functional activity replication

true

Upward force that works opposite to gravity

bouyancy

Archimedes principle

bouyancy

Weightlessness

bouyancy

Resistance to movement against the force of bouyancy

bouyancy

Body composition and bone density

bouyancy

3D access to patient

bouyancy

Increased with fully inflated lungs, decreased with deflated lungs

bouyancy

C7 percentage of weight bearing immersion depths

10%

Xiphoid process percentage of weight bearing immersion depths

33%

ASIS percentage of weight bearing immersion depths

50%

Pressure exerted by the water in immersed objects

hydrostatic pressure

Pascal’s law

hydrostatic pressure

An immersed body experiences upward thrust equal to the volume of liquid displaced

archimedes principle

Pressure exerted by fluid on an immersed object is equal on all surfaces of the object

Pascal’s law

As the density of water and depth if immersion increase, so does hydrostatic pressure

Pascal’s law

Proportionality of depth and pressure allows patients to perform exercise more easily when closer to the surface

hydrostatic pressure

Hydrostatic pressure

increased pressure, decreased effusion, induces bradycardia, centralizes peripheral blood flow, assists venous return

Friction occuring between molecules of liquid resulting in the resistance to flow

viscosity

Resistance from this is proportional to the velocity of movement through liquid

viscosity

the higher the velocity of movement, the higher the resistance

viscosity

the higher the surface area moving through water the higher the resistance

viscosity

The surface of a liquid acts as a membrane under tension

surface tension

Measured as force per unit length

surface tension

The attraction of surface molecules is parallel to the surface

surface tension

The resistive force changes proportionally to the size of the object moving through the fluid surface

surface tension

An extremity that moves through the surface performs more work than if kept under water

surface tension

Using equipment at the surface of the water increases the resistance

surface tension

Comprise the physical properties and characteristics of fluid in motion

hydromechanics

Laminar flow

hydromechanics

Turbulent flow

hydromechanics

DRAG

hydromechanics

Molecules move parallel to each other

laminar flow

Slow

laminar flow

Molecules do not move parallel to each other

turbulent flow

Faster

turbulent flow

Cumulative effects of turbulence and fluid viscosity acting on an object in motion

drag

As the speed of movement through water increases, resistance motion increases

drag

Moving water past the patient requires the patient to work harder to maintain his or her position in pool

drag

Application if equipment decreases drag

false

Rate of temperature change is dependent on the mass and the specific heat of the object

thermodynamics

Water retains heat 1,000 times more than air

thermodynamics

Differences in temperature between an immersed object and water equilibrate with minimal change in the temperature of the water

thermodynamics

Amount of hear required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of substance by 1 celsius

specific heat

Water conducts temperature 25 times faster than air

temperature transfer

Specific heat

thermodynamics

Temperature transfer

thermodynamics

Heat transfer decreases with velocity. A patient moving through the water loses body temperature faster than an immersed patient at rest.

first statement is false

Reference point of an immersed objects on which bouyant (vertical) forces of fluid predictably act

center of bouyancy

Vertical forces that intersect the center of bouyancy create rotational motion

false

Center of bouyancy: in vertical position, the human center is located at the

sternum

In vertical position, posteriorly placed bouyancy devices cause the patient to lean _________; anterior buoyancy causes the patient to lean ________

forward, backward

During unilateral manual resistance exercises, the patient revolves around the practitioner in a ____________ motion

circular

Patients bearing weight on the floor of the pool experience aspects of both the center of ______ and center of _______.

bouyancy, gravity

A patient with a unilateral lower extremity amputation leans toward the residual limb side when in a vertical position

true

Patient’s impairments and the intervention goals determine the temperature selection

true

Highter intensity exercises

cooler temp

Mobility, flexibility and muscle relaxations

warmer temp

Ambient temp should be ___ degrees celsius higher than the water temp

Water conducts heat 25x faster than the air

true

Small changes in air temp ate perceived more profoundly than small changes in water temp

false

Exercise at temps greater than 37 degrees celsius may be harmful if prolonged or maintained at high intensities

true

Pts are unable to maintain adequate core warmth during immersed exercise at temps less than 35 degrees celsius

false

At temperatures greater than or equal ti 27 deg c, cardiac output increases significantly at rest alone. In waist deep water exercise at 37 deg c, thermal stimulus to increase the heart rate overcomes the centralization of peripheral blood flow due to hydrostatic pressure

first false, second true

Temp range of performing aquatic exercises

26-35 deg

Temp beneficial for patients with acute painful musculoskeletal injuries because of the effects of relaxation, elevated pain threshold, and decreased muscle spasm

33 deg

Cardiovascular training and aerobic exercise water temp

26-28

Thus range maximizes exercise efficiency, increases stroke volume and does not elevate the heart rate to the extent that warmer water does

26-28

Intense aerobic training water temp to minimize risk of heat illness

22-26

100 ft in length and 25 ft in width. Depth usually begins at 3-4 feet with a sloping bottom, progressing to 9 or 10 feet

traditional therapeutic pool

May be used for groups of patients and the therapists conducting the session

traditional therapeutic pool

Entrance to larger therapeutic pools include ramps, stairs, ladders or mechanical overhead lifts

traditional therapeutic pool

Have built in chlorination and filtration systems

traditional therapeutic pool

Usually smaller, self contained units

individual patient pool

Entered via a door or one to two steps on the side of the unit

individual patient pool

Therapist provides instructions or cueing from outside the unit

individual patient pool

In addition to built in filtration systems; these units may include treadmills, adjustable currents, and varying water depths

individual patient pool

Equipment for swimming

collars, rings, belts and vests, swim bars, gloves, hand paddles and hydrotone bells, fins, kickboards

Therapeutic pools require regular care and cleaning to avoid

pseudomonas aeruginosa

Frequent use of pool increases the total organic carbon as well as ammonia and organic nitrogen found in the pool

true

Cleaning should be done at least

2x weekly

Chlorine and pH level tests should be done

2x daily

Precautions

fear of water, neurological disorders, respiratory disorders, cardiac dysfunction, small, open wounds and lines

Tracheostomies

precaution

Ataxia

precaution

Multiple sclerosis (>33 deg)

precaution

Controlled epilepsy

precaution

Angina

precaution

Abnormal BP

precaution

Heart disease

precaution

Compromised pump mechanism

precaution

CHF & type 2 DM

precaution

Vital capacity of less than 1 liter

contraindication

Cardiac failure

contraindication

Tinea pedis

contraindication

100

Ringworm

contraindication

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