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Thorax
100問 • 1年前
  • Kyla Rafols
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    Breasts have similar structures in male and female during puberty

    False

  • 2

    System of ducts embedded in connectice tissue within the areola

    Breast tissue

  • 3

    Breast matures under the influence of ovarian hormones

    True

  • 4

    Breast

    Base is from 2nd to 6th ribs, sternum to midaxillary line

  • 5

    Dilation near the nipple area

    Ampulla

  • 6

    Produces the tubercles on the areola

    Areolar glands

  • 7

    Supported by suspensory ligaments

    Entire breast

  • 8

    Filled with connective tissue

    Retromammary space

  • 9

    Layers of breast

    Intercostal space, Pectoralis muscle, Lobules, Nipple, Areola, Ducts, Fat tissue, Skin

  • 10

    Breast at pregnancy: Rapid increase in length and branching of duct system

    Early

  • 11

    Breast at pregnancy: Development of secretory alveoli at the enda of small ducts and connective tissue

    Early

  • 12

    Breast at pregnancy: Increase vascularity of the breast

    Early

  • 13

    Breast at pregnancy: Enlarging nipples and darker

    Early

  • 14

    Breast at pregnancy: Growth slows down

    Late

  • 15

    Breast at pregnancy: Still increasing size

    Late

  • 16

    Breast at pregnancy: Ducts filled with colostrum

    Late

  • 17

    Interlobular connective tissue thickens

    Post weaning

  • 18

    Areola faded but never to original color

    Post weaning

  • 19

    Breast decrease in size and become pendulous

    Postmenopausal

  • 20

    Secretory aveoli disappears but ducts remain

    Postmenopausal

  • 21

    Due to absence of ovarian estrogen and progesterone

    Postmenopausal

  • 22

    Decrease in size

    Post weaning

  • 23

    Remaining milk is absorbed

    Post weaning

  • 24

    Breast and nipple return to near original sizes

    Post weaning

  • 25

    Breast lymphage drainage: anterior axillary pr pectroal groyp posterior to the lower borders of pectoralis major

    Lateral quadrant

  • 26

    Breast lymphage drainage: internal thoracic group

    Medial quadrant

  • 27

    Ribs

    12

  • 28

    3 cavities of thorax

    Mediastinum, Left thoracic cavities, Right thoracic cavities

  • 29

    Sternal angle of Louis

    T4-T5 IV disc

  • 30

    Articulates with body of sternum

    Ribs 2-7

  • 31

    Articulates with manubrium sterni

    Rib 1

  • 32

    Typical ribs

    Rounded at the superior border, Sharp at the inferior border

  • 33

    Parts of typical ribs

    Head, Neck, Shaft, Angle

  • 34

    Arise from C7

    Cervical rib

  • 35

    Flattened from above downward

    First rib

  • 36

    Closely associated with lower brachial plexus and the subclavian artery and vein

    First rib

  • 37

    Occurs in 0.5% population

    Cervical rib

  • 38

    Free anterior end or connected to 1st rib by fibrous band

    Cervical rib

  • 39

    Joints of the chest wall

    Manubrium sternal joint, Xiphisternal joint

  • 40

    Connects the head to the intervertebral disc

    Interarticular ligament

  • 41

    1st rib and 3 lowest ribs have one synovial joint

    True

  • 42

    Articulates with the transverse process of the corresponding vertebral body

    Joints of the tubercle of the ribs

  • 43

    No movement possible

    Joints of the ribs and costal cartilage

  • 44

    No movement possible

    1st costal cartilage

  • 45

    Articulates with lateral border of the sternum by synovial joint

    2nd to 7th costal cartilage

  • 46

    Articulates with one another by the small synovial joint

    6th, to 10th costal cartilage

  • 47

    Embedded in the musculature

    11 and 12th ribs

  • 48

    Structures tbat pass through thoracic outlet

    Esophagus, Trachea, Nerves and vessels to the head and upper limbs

  • 49

    Entire thoracic outlet is covered by what membrane?

    Suprapleural membrane

  • 50

    External intercostal

    Downward, forward

  • 51

    Internal Intercostal

    Downward, backward

  • 52

    Azygos

    Right

  • 53

    Hemiazygous

    Left

  • 54

    Drains into azygos and hemiazygos

    Posterior intercostal veins

  • 55

    Drains into internal thoracic vein and musculophrenic vein

    Anterior intercostal veins

  • 56

    Intercostal nerves: Distribute to corresponding intercostal space

    1st 6

  • 57

    Intercostal nerves: Enters the costal cartilage to distribute to the abdominal wall

    7th to 9th

  • 58

    Intercostal nerves: Ends pass to the abdominal all

    10th and 11th

  • 59

    Intercostal nerves: Becomes the subcostal nerve and enters the abdominal wall directly

    12th

  • 60

    Intercostal nerves: Supplies the skin and the pleurac intercostal muscles, levatores costar and serratus posterior

    1st 6

  • 61

    Intercostal nerves: Supplies the abdominal skun, peritoneum, external oblique, transversys abdominus and the rectus abdominis

    10th and 11th

  • 62

    Most important muscle for breathing

    Diaphragm

  • 63

    Diaphragm: high as the upper border of the 5th rib

    Right dome

  • 64

    Diaphragm: high as the lower border of the 5th rib

    Left dome

  • 65

    Right crus

    L1 to L3 vertebral body and discs

  • 66

    Left crus

    From L1 to L2 vertebral body and discs

  • 67

    Structures that pass through the aortic opening

    Aorta, Azygos vein, Thoracic duct

  • 68

    Structures that pass through the esophageal opening

    Esophagus, Left and right vagus, Esophageal branches of the left gastric vessels, Lymphatics from the lower esophagus

  • 69

    Structures that pass through caval opening

    Inferior vena cava, Terminal branches of the right phrenic nerves

  • 70

    Accompany the terminal branches of the correspondung intercostal nerves

    Perforating arteries

  • 71

    Enters the rectus sheath of the anterior abdominal wall and supplies the rectus muscle

    Superior epigastric artery

  • 72

    Runs around the costal margin of the diaphragm and supplies the lower intercostal spaces and diaphragm

    Musculophrenic artery

  • 73

    For the upper six intercostal spaces

    Anterior intercostal arteries

  • 74

    Scapula

    T2 superior angle, T7 inferior angle

  • 75

    Spine of scapula posteriorly to the 6th rib and costal cartilage anteriorly

    Oblique fissure

  • 76

    Line along 4th costal cartilage

    Horizontal fissure

  • 77

    Superior mediastinum contents

    Thymus, large veins, large arteries, trachea, esophagus and thoracic duct, sympathetic trunk

  • 78

    Inferior mediastinum contents

    Thymus, heart, phrenic nerves, esophagus and thoracic duct, descending aorta, sympathetic trunk

  • 79

    Covers the thoracic wall, undersudr of suprapleura membrane, thoracic side of diaphragm, lateral side of the mediastinum

    Parietal pleura

  • 80

    Covers the lungs

    Visceral pleura

  • 81

    Sensitive to pain, temperature, touch and pressure

    Parietal pleura

  • 82

    Supplies by the intercostal nerves

    Costal pleura

  • 83

    Supplied by the phrenic nerve

    Mediastinal pleura

  • 84

    Supplied over the domes by the phrenic nerve and around the perophery by the lower six intercostal nerves

    Diaphragmatic pleura

  • 85

    Sensitive to stretch

    Visceral pleura

  • 86

    Insensitive to pain and touch

    Visceral pleura

  • 87

    Receives autonomic nerve supply from pulmonary plexus

    Visceral pleura

  • 88

    Clinically detectable increased at 300 ml

    Pleural fluid

  • 89

    Inflammation of pleura

    Pleurisy or Pleuritis

  • 90

    Air in the pleural cavity causing collapse of the lungs

    Pneumothorax

  • 91

    Increase fluid in the lungs

    Hydrothorax

  • 92

    Pleural fluid is clinically detectable increased at how many ml?

    300

  • 93

    Trachea becomes the left and right bronchus

    True

  • 94

    How long is the trachea?

    4.5 inches

  • 95

    Trachea

    Trachea > Left and Right bronchus > Bronchioles > Terminal Bronchioles > Respiratory Bronchioles > Alveolar ducts > Alveolar sacs

  • 96

    Bronchus: Wider, shorter, more vertical

    Right

  • 97

    Bronchus: about 1 inch

    Right

  • 98

    Bronchus: Branches out to superior lobar bronchus, middle and inferior lobar bronchus

    Right

  • 99

    Bronchus: Narrower, longer, more horizontal

    Left

  • 100

    Bronchus: About 2 inches

    Left

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    Breasts have similar structures in male and female during puberty

    False

  • 2

    System of ducts embedded in connectice tissue within the areola

    Breast tissue

  • 3

    Breast matures under the influence of ovarian hormones

    True

  • 4

    Breast

    Base is from 2nd to 6th ribs, sternum to midaxillary line

  • 5

    Dilation near the nipple area

    Ampulla

  • 6

    Produces the tubercles on the areola

    Areolar glands

  • 7

    Supported by suspensory ligaments

    Entire breast

  • 8

    Filled with connective tissue

    Retromammary space

  • 9

    Layers of breast

    Intercostal space, Pectoralis muscle, Lobules, Nipple, Areola, Ducts, Fat tissue, Skin

  • 10

    Breast at pregnancy: Rapid increase in length and branching of duct system

    Early

  • 11

    Breast at pregnancy: Development of secretory alveoli at the enda of small ducts and connective tissue

    Early

  • 12

    Breast at pregnancy: Increase vascularity of the breast

    Early

  • 13

    Breast at pregnancy: Enlarging nipples and darker

    Early

  • 14

    Breast at pregnancy: Growth slows down

    Late

  • 15

    Breast at pregnancy: Still increasing size

    Late

  • 16

    Breast at pregnancy: Ducts filled with colostrum

    Late

  • 17

    Interlobular connective tissue thickens

    Post weaning

  • 18

    Areola faded but never to original color

    Post weaning

  • 19

    Breast decrease in size and become pendulous

    Postmenopausal

  • 20

    Secretory aveoli disappears but ducts remain

    Postmenopausal

  • 21

    Due to absence of ovarian estrogen and progesterone

    Postmenopausal

  • 22

    Decrease in size

    Post weaning

  • 23

    Remaining milk is absorbed

    Post weaning

  • 24

    Breast and nipple return to near original sizes

    Post weaning

  • 25

    Breast lymphage drainage: anterior axillary pr pectroal groyp posterior to the lower borders of pectoralis major

    Lateral quadrant

  • 26

    Breast lymphage drainage: internal thoracic group

    Medial quadrant

  • 27

    Ribs

    12

  • 28

    3 cavities of thorax

    Mediastinum, Left thoracic cavities, Right thoracic cavities

  • 29

    Sternal angle of Louis

    T4-T5 IV disc

  • 30

    Articulates with body of sternum

    Ribs 2-7

  • 31

    Articulates with manubrium sterni

    Rib 1

  • 32

    Typical ribs

    Rounded at the superior border, Sharp at the inferior border

  • 33

    Parts of typical ribs

    Head, Neck, Shaft, Angle

  • 34

    Arise from C7

    Cervical rib

  • 35

    Flattened from above downward

    First rib

  • 36

    Closely associated with lower brachial plexus and the subclavian artery and vein

    First rib

  • 37

    Occurs in 0.5% population

    Cervical rib

  • 38

    Free anterior end or connected to 1st rib by fibrous band

    Cervical rib

  • 39

    Joints of the chest wall

    Manubrium sternal joint, Xiphisternal joint

  • 40

    Connects the head to the intervertebral disc

    Interarticular ligament

  • 41

    1st rib and 3 lowest ribs have one synovial joint

    True

  • 42

    Articulates with the transverse process of the corresponding vertebral body

    Joints of the tubercle of the ribs

  • 43

    No movement possible

    Joints of the ribs and costal cartilage

  • 44

    No movement possible

    1st costal cartilage

  • 45

    Articulates with lateral border of the sternum by synovial joint

    2nd to 7th costal cartilage

  • 46

    Articulates with one another by the small synovial joint

    6th, to 10th costal cartilage

  • 47

    Embedded in the musculature

    11 and 12th ribs

  • 48

    Structures tbat pass through thoracic outlet

    Esophagus, Trachea, Nerves and vessels to the head and upper limbs

  • 49

    Entire thoracic outlet is covered by what membrane?

    Suprapleural membrane

  • 50

    External intercostal

    Downward, forward

  • 51

    Internal Intercostal

    Downward, backward

  • 52

    Azygos

    Right

  • 53

    Hemiazygous

    Left

  • 54

    Drains into azygos and hemiazygos

    Posterior intercostal veins

  • 55

    Drains into internal thoracic vein and musculophrenic vein

    Anterior intercostal veins

  • 56

    Intercostal nerves: Distribute to corresponding intercostal space

    1st 6

  • 57

    Intercostal nerves: Enters the costal cartilage to distribute to the abdominal wall

    7th to 9th

  • 58

    Intercostal nerves: Ends pass to the abdominal all

    10th and 11th

  • 59

    Intercostal nerves: Becomes the subcostal nerve and enters the abdominal wall directly

    12th

  • 60

    Intercostal nerves: Supplies the skin and the pleurac intercostal muscles, levatores costar and serratus posterior

    1st 6

  • 61

    Intercostal nerves: Supplies the abdominal skun, peritoneum, external oblique, transversys abdominus and the rectus abdominis

    10th and 11th

  • 62

    Most important muscle for breathing

    Diaphragm

  • 63

    Diaphragm: high as the upper border of the 5th rib

    Right dome

  • 64

    Diaphragm: high as the lower border of the 5th rib

    Left dome

  • 65

    Right crus

    L1 to L3 vertebral body and discs

  • 66

    Left crus

    From L1 to L2 vertebral body and discs

  • 67

    Structures that pass through the aortic opening

    Aorta, Azygos vein, Thoracic duct

  • 68

    Structures that pass through the esophageal opening

    Esophagus, Left and right vagus, Esophageal branches of the left gastric vessels, Lymphatics from the lower esophagus

  • 69

    Structures that pass through caval opening

    Inferior vena cava, Terminal branches of the right phrenic nerves

  • 70

    Accompany the terminal branches of the correspondung intercostal nerves

    Perforating arteries

  • 71

    Enters the rectus sheath of the anterior abdominal wall and supplies the rectus muscle

    Superior epigastric artery

  • 72

    Runs around the costal margin of the diaphragm and supplies the lower intercostal spaces and diaphragm

    Musculophrenic artery

  • 73

    For the upper six intercostal spaces

    Anterior intercostal arteries

  • 74

    Scapula

    T2 superior angle, T7 inferior angle

  • 75

    Spine of scapula posteriorly to the 6th rib and costal cartilage anteriorly

    Oblique fissure

  • 76

    Line along 4th costal cartilage

    Horizontal fissure

  • 77

    Superior mediastinum contents

    Thymus, large veins, large arteries, trachea, esophagus and thoracic duct, sympathetic trunk

  • 78

    Inferior mediastinum contents

    Thymus, heart, phrenic nerves, esophagus and thoracic duct, descending aorta, sympathetic trunk

  • 79

    Covers the thoracic wall, undersudr of suprapleura membrane, thoracic side of diaphragm, lateral side of the mediastinum

    Parietal pleura

  • 80

    Covers the lungs

    Visceral pleura

  • 81

    Sensitive to pain, temperature, touch and pressure

    Parietal pleura

  • 82

    Supplies by the intercostal nerves

    Costal pleura

  • 83

    Supplied by the phrenic nerve

    Mediastinal pleura

  • 84

    Supplied over the domes by the phrenic nerve and around the perophery by the lower six intercostal nerves

    Diaphragmatic pleura

  • 85

    Sensitive to stretch

    Visceral pleura

  • 86

    Insensitive to pain and touch

    Visceral pleura

  • 87

    Receives autonomic nerve supply from pulmonary plexus

    Visceral pleura

  • 88

    Clinically detectable increased at 300 ml

    Pleural fluid

  • 89

    Inflammation of pleura

    Pleurisy or Pleuritis

  • 90

    Air in the pleural cavity causing collapse of the lungs

    Pneumothorax

  • 91

    Increase fluid in the lungs

    Hydrothorax

  • 92

    Pleural fluid is clinically detectable increased at how many ml?

    300

  • 93

    Trachea becomes the left and right bronchus

    True

  • 94

    How long is the trachea?

    4.5 inches

  • 95

    Trachea

    Trachea > Left and Right bronchus > Bronchioles > Terminal Bronchioles > Respiratory Bronchioles > Alveolar ducts > Alveolar sacs

  • 96

    Bronchus: Wider, shorter, more vertical

    Right

  • 97

    Bronchus: about 1 inch

    Right

  • 98

    Bronchus: Branches out to superior lobar bronchus, middle and inferior lobar bronchus

    Right

  • 99

    Bronchus: Narrower, longer, more horizontal

    Left

  • 100

    Bronchus: About 2 inches

    Left