Right crus

Trachea becomes the left and right bronchus

No movement possible

Spine of scapula posteriorly to the 6th rib and costal cartilage anteriorly

Embedded in the musculature

Clinically detectable increased at 300 ml

Areola faded but never to original color

Most important muscle for breathing

Bronchus: About 2 inches

Trachea

Accompany the terminal branches of the correspondung intercostal nerves

Line along 4th costal cartilage

Closely associated with lower brachial plexus and the subclavian artery and vein

Breast

Covers the thoracic wall, undersudr of suprapleura membrane, thoracic side of diaphragm, lateral side of the mediastinum

Due to absence of ovarian estrogen and progesterone

Structures tbat pass through thoracic outlet

Articulates with body of sternum

No movement possible

Superior mediastinum contents

Increase fluid in the lungs

Bronchus: Branches out to superior lobar bronchus, middle and inferior lobar bronchus

Scapula

Secretory aveoli disappears but ducts remain

Structures that pass through the aortic opening

Breast at pregnancy: Growth slows down

Joints of the chest wall

1st rib and 3 lowest ribs have one synovial joint

For the upper six intercostal spaces

Covers the lungs

Drains into azygos and hemiazygos

Hemiazygous

Breast decrease in size and become pendulous

Typical ribs

Breast at pregnancy: Rapid increase in length and branching of duct system

Ribs

Bronchus: about 1 inch

Supplies by the intercostal nerves

Free anterior end or connected to 1st rib by fibrous band

Receives autonomic nerve supply from pulmonary plexus

Supplied over the domes by the phrenic nerve and around the perophery by the lower six intercostal nerves

3 cavities of thorax

Layers of breast

Left crus

Articulates with one another by the small synovial joint

Arise from C7

Bronchus: Wider, shorter, more vertical

Breast matures under the influence of ovarian hormones

Runs around the costal margin of the diaphragm and supplies the lower intercostal spaces and diaphragm

Occurs in 0.5% population

Breast at pregnancy: Enlarging nipples and darker

Air in the pleural cavity causing collapse of the lungs

Breast and nipple return to near original sizes

Produces the tubercles on the areola

Intercostal nerves: Supplies the skin and the pleurac intercostal muscles, levatores costar and serratus posterior

Filled with connective tissue

Supplied by the phrenic nerve

Breast at pregnancy: Still increasing size

Articulates with the transverse process of the corresponding vertebral body

Inferior mediastinum contents

Breasts have similar structures in male and female during puberty

Sensitive to pain, temperature, touch and pressure

Breast lymphage drainage: internal thoracic group

Entire thoracic outlet is covered by what membrane?

Internal Intercostal

Breast at pregnancy: Ducts filled with colostrum

Diaphragm: high as the lower border of the 5th rib

Remaining milk is absorbed

Drains into internal thoracic vein and musculophrenic vein

Inflammation of pleura

Bronchus: Narrower, longer, more horizontal

How long is the trachea?

Supported by suspensory ligaments

Connects the head to the intervertebral disc

Intercostal nerves: Becomes the subcostal nerve and enters the abdominal wall directly

Breast lymphage drainage: anterior axillary pr pectroal groyp posterior to the lower borders of pectoralis major

Intercostal nerves: Distribute to corresponding intercostal space

Sternal angle of Louis

Articulates with manubrium sterni

Articulates with lateral border of the sternum by synovial joint

Parts of typical ribs

Decrease in size

Breast at pregnancy: Increase vascularity of the breast

Intercostal nerves: Enters the costal cartilage to distribute to the abdominal wall

Intercostal nerves: Supplies the abdominal skun, peritoneum, external oblique, transversys abdominus and the rectus abdominis

Sensitive to stretch

Pleural fluid is clinically detectable increased at how many ml?

System of ducts embedded in connectice tissue within the areola

Structures that pass through caval opening

Dilation near the nipple area

Enters the rectus sheath of the anterior abdominal wall and supplies the rectus muscle

Breast at pregnancy: Development of secretory alveoli at the enda of small ducts and connective tissue

Insensitive to pain and touch

Intercostal nerves: Ends pass to the abdominal all

Azygos

Diaphragm: high as the upper border of the 5th rib

External intercostal

Flattened from above downward

Structures that pass through the esophageal opening