問題一覧
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Located at the 5th ICS mid clavicular line
Apex
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Combined action of all the muscles including all accessories and increase in the force of contraction
Forceful inspiration
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Septum secundum
Anulus ovalis
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Supplies the anterior surface of the pulmonary conus and the upper part of the anterior wall of the right ventricle
Right conus artery
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Hollow muscular organ
Heart
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Anterior to the esophagus and forms part of the esophageal plexus
Left vagus nerve
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Breast blood supply artery: Lateral thoracic and thoracoacramial
axillary artery
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Wall is three times thicker, causing a blood pressure 6 times higher
Left ventricle
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Thicken connectuon to the central tendon
Fibrous pericardium
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No chordae tendinae
pulmonary
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Soft and elastic
Lungs
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Guarded by the tricuspid valve
Right AV orifice
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Also forms the base of the heart
Posterior surface
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Right atrium:
Posterior to the ridge is smooth. Developed from sinus venosus, Anterior to the ridge is rough mafr up of musculu pectin
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Right atrium
SA node
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between right atrium and right auricle
Sulcus terminalis
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10 inches long from larynx to stomach
Esophagus
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Breast blood supply artery: Perforating branches
internal thoracic artery , intercostal arteries
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Contraction of the abdominal muscles, quadratus lumborum, intercostals, serrayus posterior and lats
Forceful expiration
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Pericardium is innervated by
Phrenic nerve
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Recess or refiections of the pericardium around the vessels
Pericardial sinuses
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4th thoracic vertebra
Descending aorta
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Phrenic nerve
C3-C5
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Bronchoconstriction and vasodilation
Parasympathetic trunk
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Wall of the heart covered with endocardium
Myocardium
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Guards the left AV orifice
Mitral valve
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Composed of the left ventricle
Apex
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Level of sternal angle
Arch of aorta
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Composed of the left atrium and opens into the 4 pulmonary veins
Posterior surface
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Returns blood from upper body
Superior vena cava
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Trachea blood supply
inferior thyroid arteries, bronchial arteries
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Guards the aortic orifice
Aortic valve
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Has rudimentary non functional valve
Coronary sinus, Inferior vena cava
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Aorta > Subclavian artery > Costocervical trunk > Superior intercostal artery > Posterior intercostal artery
First two of Posterior intercostal artery
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Left border formed by left ventricle and left atrium
Sternocostal surface
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Guards the right AV orifice
tricuspid
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Composed of left anf right ventricle separated by the posterior interventricular groove
Diaphragmatic surface
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Septum primum
Fossa ovalis
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Prevents backflow during systole
tricuspid
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Behind the septap cusp of tricuspid and goes to the ventricular septum where it divides into the right and left bundle branch and connects to the purkinje fibers
AV bundles
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Relaxation of the muscles allows the elastic recoil of the lungs
Expiration
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the ridge inside the right atrium opposite the sulcus terminales
Crista terminalis
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Bronchus: Passes under the arch of aorta then branches out to superior and inferior lobar bronchus
Left
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Lower part of the atrial septum
AV node
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Funnel shaped
Infundibulum
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Aorta > Subclavian artery > Internal thoracic artery > Anterior intercostal artery
First 6 of Anterior intercostal arteries
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Ascending aorta
Right coronary artery, Left coronary artery
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Posterior to the esophagus and forms part of the esophageal plexus
Righ vagus nerve
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Aorta > Subclavian artery > Internal thoracic artery > Musculophrenic artery > Anterior intercostal artery
Lower 5 of Anterior intercostal arteries
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Drains blood from the cardiac wall
Coronary sinus
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Right coronary artery
Right conus artery, Anterior ventricular branches, Marginal branch, Posterior ventricular branches , Posterior interventricular (descending) artery, Atrial branches
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Bronchodilation and vasoconstriction
Sympathetic trunk
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In 10% of individuals, the posterior interventricular artery is replaced by a branch from left coronary artery
True
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Veins of the heart
Great cardiac vein, Anterior cardiac vein
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Bronchial arteries and veins
Left ventricles > Descending aorta > Bronchial arteries oxygenated > Lung tissue > Bronchial vein unoxygenated > Azygos vein > SVC > Right atrium
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Usually two in number and supply the diaphragmatic surface of the right ventricle
Posterior ventricular branches
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Right formed formed by right atrium
Sternocostal surface
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Arch of aorta
Right brachiocephalic artery (subclavian and common carotid artery), Left brachiocephalic artery (subclavian and common carotid artery)
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Bronchioles have cartilage but no muscles
False
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3 constrictions of esophagus
Cervical, Bronchoaortic, Diaphragmatic
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Returns blood from the lower part of the body
Inferior vena cava
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Esophagus
Pass through the diaphragm at the level of T10
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Pulmonary arteries and veins
Right ventricles > Pulmonary artery unoxygenated > lung tissue > Pulmonary veins oxygenated > Left atrium
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Pericardium contains about how many ml of pericardial fluid?
50
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Increase in vertical, transverse and AP diameter
Inspiration
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Prevents during diastole
pulmonary
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Composed of right atrium and right ventricle separated by the vertical AV groove
Sternocostal surface
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Sulcus terminalis is found in what atrium
Right
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Anterior interventricular groove separates the ventricles
Sternocostal surface
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Gas exchange occurs at respiratory bronchiole
False
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Multiple u shaped hyaline cartilages
Trachea
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Aorta > Descending aorta > Posterior intercostal arteries
Lower nine of Posterior intercostal arteries