Maintains erection of clitoris or penis

Vaginal "sphincter" closure, erection of clitoris

penis erection, empties urethra in males

Fixes perineal body

Closure of anus

Compression of urethra and ventral wall of vagina

Support of the perineal body and introitus

"the technique of using monitoring devices to furnish information regarding —---bodily function-—--- in an attempt to gain some voluntary control over that function".

Traditional surface electromyography (SEMG) sensors are solid and provide isometric resistance to the muscular contraction. SEMG can also be applied through peri-anal sensors for patients who are candidates for internal assessment or treatment.

Weight of baby

Placenta weight

Amniotic fluid weight

Uterus and breasts

Blood and fluid

Fat stores weight

Total weight gain for single fetus

Keep in mind the 5-minute time limit for supine positioning when prescribing abdominal exercises after 6-8 weeks' gestation.

The greatest transverse diameter of the fetal head passes through the pelvic inlet (the superior opening of the minor pelvis).

Continued downward progression of the fetus

The fetal chin is brought closer to its thorax; this occurs when the descending head meets resistance from the walls and floor of the pelvis and the cervix.

The fetus turns its occiput toward the mother's symphysis pubis when the fetal head reaches the level of the ischial spines.

The flexed fetal head reaches the introitus; the fetus extends its head, bringing the base of the occiput in direct contact with the inferior margin of the maternal symphysis pubis; this phase ends when the fetal head is delivered.

The fetus rotates its occiput toward the mother's sacrum to allow the fetal shoulders to pass through the pelvis.

The fetal anterior shoulder passes under the symphysis pubis, and the rest of the body follows.

loss of urine with increased abdominal pressure (exertion, cough, sneeze) may present in isolation or combined with urge incontinence

sudden desire to void, hard to ignore, may be called overactive bladder

loss of urine associated with a strong sense of urgency

bladder contractions during filling phase, seen on urodynamics

hypotonic or acontractile bladder leads to dribbling of urine or interrupted flow (previously called Overflow)

related to other impairments such as arthritis, Parkinson's, dementia, medications

Unchanged