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Trunk and VC
99問 • 1年前
  • Kyla Rafols
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    how many vertebras and IV disks?

    33 vertebra, 23 IV disk

  • 2

    Regions of VC

    cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx

  • 3

    How many sacrum

    5 fused into 1

  • 4

    How many coccyx

    4 fused into 1

  • 5

    Held the smallest functional unit in the spine

    mobile segment

  • 6

    Any 2 adjacent vertebrae, intervening IV disk and all the soft tissues that secure them together

    mobile segment

  • 7

    Cylindrically shaped vertebral body

    anterior typical vertebrae

  • 8

    Irregularly shaped vertebral/neural arch

    posterior typical vertebrae

  • 9

    Portion of the neural arch that lie anterior to the articular processes on either side and serve as the connection between the posterior elements & vertebral bodies

    pedicle

  • 10

    Short, stout pillars with thick walls

    pedicle

  • 11

    Increase in size from the cervical to lumbar region

    Pedicle

  • 12

    Neural arch is divided into

    pedicle, posterior elements

  • 13

    Centrally posterior elements

    lamina

  • 14

    Region of the lamina wherein force transfers occurs, located between the superior and inferior articular process

    pars interarticularis

  • 15

    Subjected to bending forces that are transmitted from the vertically oriented lamina to the more horizontally oriented pedicles

    pars interarticularis

  • 16

    Pars interarticularis is most developed in what spine

    lumbar

  • 17

    Block of trabecular bone covered by a layer of cortical bone

    vertebral body

  • 18

    Vertical plate that constitutes the central portion of the arch posterior to the pedicles

    lamina

  • 19

    Lateral projections of bone that originate from the lamina

    TV process

  • 20

    Posterior projection of bone that originates from the central portion of the lamina, dividing into two

    spinous process

  • 21

    Opening bordered by the posterior vertebral body and the nerual arch

    vertebral foramen

  • 22

    Resist compressive loads

    vertebral body

  • 23

    Transmit the bending forces from the posterior elements to the vertebral body

    pedicle

  • 24

    Transmit the forces from the articulat, transverse and spinous process to the pedicle

    lamina

  • 25

    Serve as muscle attachments and provide mechanical lever

    TV process

  • 26

    Serve ad muscle attachment and provides mechanical lever; may also serve as a bony block to motion

    spinous process

  • 27

    Combined with all segments, forms a passage and protection for the spinal cord

    vertebral foramen

  • 28

    Separates two vertebral bodies

    IV disk

  • 29

    Transmit load from one vertebral body to the next

    IV disk

  • 30

    IV disk make up for 20-35% of tge length of the vertebral column

    false

  • 31

    Ratio between the disc thickness abd vertebral body height determines the available motion

    true

  • 32

    IV disc is composed of 3 parts

    nucleus pulposus, annular fibrosus, vertebral end plate

  • 33

    70-90% water content depending on age and time of the day

    nucleus puposus

  • 34

    60-70% water content depending on age and time of the day

    annulos fibrosus

  • 35

    Nucleus pulposus

    15-20% collagen fibers, both type i and type ii collagen, type ii predominates

  • 36

    Annulos fibrosus

    both type i and type ii collagen, type i predominates, 50-60% collagen fibers

  • 37

    Between the vertebral bodies

    cartilaginous joints of IV disk

  • 38

    Interbody joints

    cartilaginous joints of IV disk

  • 39

    Joints between the zygapophyseal facets located on the superior and inferior processes of one vertebra which articular with adjacent vertebra

    synovial joints of IV disk

  • 40

    Connects anterior and lateral surfaces of the vertebral bodies from the sacrum to 2nd cervical vertebrae

    ALL

  • 41

    Connects posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies from c2 to sacrum

    PLL

  • 42

    Connects adjacent spinous process

    ligament flavum

  • 43

    Connects adjacent spinous process along with supraspinous lig.

    interpinous ligament

  • 44

    First to be damaged with excessive flexion

    interspinous ligament

  • 45

    Connects the tips of spinous processes from c7 to l3 or l4

    supraspinous ligament

  • 46

    Ligaments pass between the transverse processes and attach to the deep muscles of the back

    intertransverse ligament

  • 47

    ALL stretched

    extension

  • 48

    PLL stretched

    flexion

  • 49

    ALL compressed

    flexion or neutral

  • 50

    PLL compressed

    extension

  • 51

    Ligamentum flavum stretched

    flexion, neutral under constant pressure

  • 52

    Ligamentum flavum compressed

    extension

  • 53

    Interspinous ligament stretched

    flexion

  • 54

    Interspinous ligament compressed

    extension

  • 55

    Supraspinous ligament stretched

    flexion

  • 56

    Supraspinous ligament compressed

    none

  • 57

    Extended when stretched

    ALL

  • 58

    Flexed when stretched

    PLL, ligamentum flavum, interspinous ligament, supraspinous ligament

  • 59

    Neutral under constant tension when stretched

    ligamentum flavum

  • 60

    Flexed when compressed

    ALL

  • 61

    Alternately stretched and compressed during lateral flexion

    intertransverse ligament

  • 62

    Extended when compressed

    PLL, ligamentum flavum, interspinous ligament, supraspinous ligament

  • 63

    compressed: neutral when normal height of the disc is reduced

    ALL

  • 64

    C2 to occiput

    anterior atlantoaxial, tectorial membrane

  • 65

    C1 and C2

    posterior atlantoaxial, alar ligaments

  • 66

    Lower lumbar region

    iliolumbar ligaments

  • 67

    Limits extension

    anterior atlantoaxial

  • 68

    Limits forward flexion

    tectorial membrane

  • 69

    Limits flexion

    posterior atlantoaxial

  • 70

    Limit rotation of the head to the same side and lateral flexion to the opposite side

    alar ligaments

  • 71

    Resists anterior sliding of the L5 and S1

    iliolumbar ligaments

  • 72

    Extension of the ligamentum flavum from C2 to occiput

    posterior atlantoaxial and atlanto-occipital

  • 73

    Extension of the ligaments from c2 to the occiput

    anterior atlantoaxial and atlanto-occipital

  • 74

    Flexed when stretched

    posterior atlantoaxial and atlanto-occipital, tectorial membrane, ligamentum nuchae

  • 75

    Extended when compresed

    posterior atlantoaxial and atlanto-occipital, tectorial membrane

  • 76

    Extended when stretched

    anterior atlantoaxial and atlanto-occipital

  • 77

    Neutral position when stretched under constant tension

    posterior atlantoaxial and atlanto-occipital

  • 78

    compressed: neutral when the normal height of the disc is reduced

    anterior atlantoaxial and atlanto-occipital

  • 79

    Stretched across the ring of th atlas and divides the ring into a large posterior section for the spinal cord and a small anterior space for the dens

    TV atlantal ligament

  • 80

    Has a thin layer of articular cartilage on its anterior surface for articulation with the dens

    TV atlantal ligament

  • 81

    Its superior longitudinal band attaches to the occipital bone and its inferior longitudinal band attaches to posterior portion of the axis

    TV atlantal ligament

  • 82

    Transver ligament and its longitudinal bands

    atlanto cruciform ligament

  • 83

    Critical in maintaining stability at the C1/C2 segment

    atlanto cruciform ligament

  • 84

    Dens would fracture before the ligament will tear

    atlanto cruciform ligament

  • 85

    Limits anterior displacement of atlas

    TV atlantal ligament

  • 86

    Prevents anterior displacement of C1 and C2

    atlanto cruciform ligament

  • 87

    Help prevent distraction of C1 on C2

    alar ligament

  • 88

    Specific to the cervical region

    alar ligaments

  • 89

    Paired ligaments aris from the axis in either side of the dens and extend laterally and superiorly to attach to roughened areas on the medial sides of the occipital condyles and lateral masses of the atlas

    alar ligaments

  • 90

    Connects the axis and occipital bone of the skull

    apical ligament

  • 91

    Fan shaped arrangement from the apex of the dens to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum of the skull

    apical ligament

  • 92

    Consistent association of one motion about an axis with another motion around a different axis

    coupling

  • 93

    Kinematics of VC

    flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation

  • 94

    Resist compression and transmit forces to laminae

    spinous process

  • 95

    Transmits compressive forces to vertebral end plates

    vertebral body

  • 96

    Transmit forces to laminae

    zygapophyseal facets

  • 97

    Resist shear, compression, tensile and torsional forces

    zygapophyseal facets

  • 98

    Resists compression forces to vertebral end plates and translates vertical compression forces into circumferential tensile forces in annulus fibrosus

    nucleus pulposus

  • 99

    Resist tensile, torsional, and shear forces

    annulus fibrosus

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    how many vertebras and IV disks?

    33 vertebra, 23 IV disk

  • 2

    Regions of VC

    cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx

  • 3

    How many sacrum

    5 fused into 1

  • 4

    How many coccyx

    4 fused into 1

  • 5

    Held the smallest functional unit in the spine

    mobile segment

  • 6

    Any 2 adjacent vertebrae, intervening IV disk and all the soft tissues that secure them together

    mobile segment

  • 7

    Cylindrically shaped vertebral body

    anterior typical vertebrae

  • 8

    Irregularly shaped vertebral/neural arch

    posterior typical vertebrae

  • 9

    Portion of the neural arch that lie anterior to the articular processes on either side and serve as the connection between the posterior elements & vertebral bodies

    pedicle

  • 10

    Short, stout pillars with thick walls

    pedicle

  • 11

    Increase in size from the cervical to lumbar region

    Pedicle

  • 12

    Neural arch is divided into

    pedicle, posterior elements

  • 13

    Centrally posterior elements

    lamina

  • 14

    Region of the lamina wherein force transfers occurs, located between the superior and inferior articular process

    pars interarticularis

  • 15

    Subjected to bending forces that are transmitted from the vertically oriented lamina to the more horizontally oriented pedicles

    pars interarticularis

  • 16

    Pars interarticularis is most developed in what spine

    lumbar

  • 17

    Block of trabecular bone covered by a layer of cortical bone

    vertebral body

  • 18

    Vertical plate that constitutes the central portion of the arch posterior to the pedicles

    lamina

  • 19

    Lateral projections of bone that originate from the lamina

    TV process

  • 20

    Posterior projection of bone that originates from the central portion of the lamina, dividing into two

    spinous process

  • 21

    Opening bordered by the posterior vertebral body and the nerual arch

    vertebral foramen

  • 22

    Resist compressive loads

    vertebral body

  • 23

    Transmit the bending forces from the posterior elements to the vertebral body

    pedicle

  • 24

    Transmit the forces from the articulat, transverse and spinous process to the pedicle

    lamina

  • 25

    Serve as muscle attachments and provide mechanical lever

    TV process

  • 26

    Serve ad muscle attachment and provides mechanical lever; may also serve as a bony block to motion

    spinous process

  • 27

    Combined with all segments, forms a passage and protection for the spinal cord

    vertebral foramen

  • 28

    Separates two vertebral bodies

    IV disk

  • 29

    Transmit load from one vertebral body to the next

    IV disk

  • 30

    IV disk make up for 20-35% of tge length of the vertebral column

    false

  • 31

    Ratio between the disc thickness abd vertebral body height determines the available motion

    true

  • 32

    IV disc is composed of 3 parts

    nucleus pulposus, annular fibrosus, vertebral end plate

  • 33

    70-90% water content depending on age and time of the day

    nucleus puposus

  • 34

    60-70% water content depending on age and time of the day

    annulos fibrosus

  • 35

    Nucleus pulposus

    15-20% collagen fibers, both type i and type ii collagen, type ii predominates

  • 36

    Annulos fibrosus

    both type i and type ii collagen, type i predominates, 50-60% collagen fibers

  • 37

    Between the vertebral bodies

    cartilaginous joints of IV disk

  • 38

    Interbody joints

    cartilaginous joints of IV disk

  • 39

    Joints between the zygapophyseal facets located on the superior and inferior processes of one vertebra which articular with adjacent vertebra

    synovial joints of IV disk

  • 40

    Connects anterior and lateral surfaces of the vertebral bodies from the sacrum to 2nd cervical vertebrae

    ALL

  • 41

    Connects posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies from c2 to sacrum

    PLL

  • 42

    Connects adjacent spinous process

    ligament flavum

  • 43

    Connects adjacent spinous process along with supraspinous lig.

    interpinous ligament

  • 44

    First to be damaged with excessive flexion

    interspinous ligament

  • 45

    Connects the tips of spinous processes from c7 to l3 or l4

    supraspinous ligament

  • 46

    Ligaments pass between the transverse processes and attach to the deep muscles of the back

    intertransverse ligament

  • 47

    ALL stretched

    extension

  • 48

    PLL stretched

    flexion

  • 49

    ALL compressed

    flexion or neutral

  • 50

    PLL compressed

    extension

  • 51

    Ligamentum flavum stretched

    flexion, neutral under constant pressure

  • 52

    Ligamentum flavum compressed

    extension

  • 53

    Interspinous ligament stretched

    flexion

  • 54

    Interspinous ligament compressed

    extension

  • 55

    Supraspinous ligament stretched

    flexion

  • 56

    Supraspinous ligament compressed

    none

  • 57

    Extended when stretched

    ALL

  • 58

    Flexed when stretched

    PLL, ligamentum flavum, interspinous ligament, supraspinous ligament

  • 59

    Neutral under constant tension when stretched

    ligamentum flavum

  • 60

    Flexed when compressed

    ALL

  • 61

    Alternately stretched and compressed during lateral flexion

    intertransverse ligament

  • 62

    Extended when compressed

    PLL, ligamentum flavum, interspinous ligament, supraspinous ligament

  • 63

    compressed: neutral when normal height of the disc is reduced

    ALL

  • 64

    C2 to occiput

    anterior atlantoaxial, tectorial membrane

  • 65

    C1 and C2

    posterior atlantoaxial, alar ligaments

  • 66

    Lower lumbar region

    iliolumbar ligaments

  • 67

    Limits extension

    anterior atlantoaxial

  • 68

    Limits forward flexion

    tectorial membrane

  • 69

    Limits flexion

    posterior atlantoaxial

  • 70

    Limit rotation of the head to the same side and lateral flexion to the opposite side

    alar ligaments

  • 71

    Resists anterior sliding of the L5 and S1

    iliolumbar ligaments

  • 72

    Extension of the ligamentum flavum from C2 to occiput

    posterior atlantoaxial and atlanto-occipital

  • 73

    Extension of the ligaments from c2 to the occiput

    anterior atlantoaxial and atlanto-occipital

  • 74

    Flexed when stretched

    posterior atlantoaxial and atlanto-occipital, tectorial membrane, ligamentum nuchae

  • 75

    Extended when compresed

    posterior atlantoaxial and atlanto-occipital, tectorial membrane

  • 76

    Extended when stretched

    anterior atlantoaxial and atlanto-occipital

  • 77

    Neutral position when stretched under constant tension

    posterior atlantoaxial and atlanto-occipital

  • 78

    compressed: neutral when the normal height of the disc is reduced

    anterior atlantoaxial and atlanto-occipital

  • 79

    Stretched across the ring of th atlas and divides the ring into a large posterior section for the spinal cord and a small anterior space for the dens

    TV atlantal ligament

  • 80

    Has a thin layer of articular cartilage on its anterior surface for articulation with the dens

    TV atlantal ligament

  • 81

    Its superior longitudinal band attaches to the occipital bone and its inferior longitudinal band attaches to posterior portion of the axis

    TV atlantal ligament

  • 82

    Transver ligament and its longitudinal bands

    atlanto cruciform ligament

  • 83

    Critical in maintaining stability at the C1/C2 segment

    atlanto cruciform ligament

  • 84

    Dens would fracture before the ligament will tear

    atlanto cruciform ligament

  • 85

    Limits anterior displacement of atlas

    TV atlantal ligament

  • 86

    Prevents anterior displacement of C1 and C2

    atlanto cruciform ligament

  • 87

    Help prevent distraction of C1 on C2

    alar ligament

  • 88

    Specific to the cervical region

    alar ligaments

  • 89

    Paired ligaments aris from the axis in either side of the dens and extend laterally and superiorly to attach to roughened areas on the medial sides of the occipital condyles and lateral masses of the atlas

    alar ligaments

  • 90

    Connects the axis and occipital bone of the skull

    apical ligament

  • 91

    Fan shaped arrangement from the apex of the dens to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum of the skull

    apical ligament

  • 92

    Consistent association of one motion about an axis with another motion around a different axis

    coupling

  • 93

    Kinematics of VC

    flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation

  • 94

    Resist compression and transmit forces to laminae

    spinous process

  • 95

    Transmits compressive forces to vertebral end plates

    vertebral body

  • 96

    Transmit forces to laminae

    zygapophyseal facets

  • 97

    Resist shear, compression, tensile and torsional forces

    zygapophyseal facets

  • 98

    Resists compression forces to vertebral end plates and translates vertical compression forces into circumferential tensile forces in annulus fibrosus

    nucleus pulposus

  • 99

    Resist tensile, torsional, and shear forces

    annulus fibrosus