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VC2
100問 • 1年前
  • Kyla Rafols
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    Anterior tilting and gliding of the superior vertebra

    flexion

  • 2

    Separation of spinous process

    flexion

  • 3

    Widening of IV foramen

    flexion

  • 4

    Posterior tilting and gliding of the superior vertebra

    extension

  • 5

    Spinous process move closer together

    extension

  • 6

    Narrowing of IV foramen

    extension

  • 7

    Superior vertebra laterally tilts, rotates and translates over the adjacent vertebra below

    lateral flexion

  • 8

    Spinous process separate on the side contralateral to the lateral flexion and move closer together on the ipsilateral

    lateral flexion

  • 9

    IV foramen widened on the side contralateral to the lateral flexion and narrowed on the ipsilateral

    lateral flexion

  • 10

    Available in each spinal region but is different in every region

    rotation

  • 11

    During lateral flexion, the direction of rotation differs slightly from region to region because of orientation of the facets

    rotation

  • 12

    Stretched interpinous ligaments, ligamentum flavum, PLL, posterior annulus fibrosus, back extensors, zygapophyseal joint capsule

    flexion

  • 13

    Compressed anterior portion of the annulus fibrosus and bulges anteriorly

    flexion

  • 14

    Stretched anterior portion of annulus fibrosus, anterior trunk muscles, ALL, zygapophyseal joint capsule

    extension

  • 15

    Compressed contact if the spinous processes, posterior portion of the annulus fibrosus and bulges posteriorly

    extension

  • 16

    Stretched annulus fibrosus, intertransverse ligament, anterior and posterior trunk muscles on the convexity of the curve

    lateral flexion

  • 17

    Compressed annulus fibrosus on the concavity

    lateral flexion

  • 18

    Vertebral column is subjected to axial compression, tension, bending, torsion and shear stress even at rest

    true

  • 19

    Force acting through the long axis of the spine at right angles to the discs

    axial compression

  • 20

    Occurs a result of the force of gravity, ground reaction force and forces produced by the ligaments and muscular contractions

    axial compression

  • 21

    Causes both tension and compression on the structure of the spine

    bending

  • 22

    Tension in the structures opposite the direction if movement

    bending

  • 23

    Compression on the structures in the same direction of the movement

    bending

  • 24

    Bending tension

    opposite direction

  • 25

    Bending compression

    same direction

  • 26

    Cetated during axial rotation that occurs as a part of the coupled motions that take place in the spine

    torsion

  • 27

    Risk of rupture if the disc fibers is increased when torsion, heavy axial compression and forward bending are combined

    true

  • 28

    Act on the mid-planr of the disc

    shear

  • 29

    Tend to cause each vertebra to undergo translation

    shear

  • 30

    Creep

    axial compression , shear

  • 31

    Torsional stiffness is similar in T2-T7

    false

  • 32

    Torsional stiffness increases from

    T7 or T8, L3 or L4

  • 33

    Torsional stiffness is provided by

    outer layer of the vertebral bodies (cortical bone), outer layer of the IV discs (annulus fibrosus), orientation of the facets

  • 34

    Believed to be the most effective structure in the lumbar region to resist torsion

    outer layer of IV discs (annulus fibrosus)

  • 35

    A material continuously deforms until equilibrium is reached

    creep

  • 36

    Upright position

    increased compressive force, fluid in IV disc to be absorbed in cartilaginous end plate

  • 37

    Lying position

    decreased compressive force, disc takes in fluid back from the vertebral body

  • 38

    Upper cervical

    craniovertebral

  • 39

    Foramen transversarium

    cervical

  • 40

    Spines are small and bifid

    cervical

  • 41

    Body is small and broad from side to side

    cervical

  • 42

    Vertebral foramen is large and triangular

    cervical

  • 43

    Superior articular processes of cervical

    backward, upward

  • 44

    Inferior articular processes of cervical

    downward, forward

  • 45

    Other name for c7

    vertebral prominens

  • 46

    Frequently described as a washer sitting between the occipital condyles and the axis

    atlas

  • 47

    Cradle the occiput and transmits forces from the occiput to the lower cervical

    atlas

  • 48

    Has no vertebral body or spinous process

    atlas

  • 49

    Has a lateral mass on each side with articular surfaces in its upper and lower surface

    atlas

  • 50

    Shaped like a ring

    atlas

  • 51

    Transmit the combined load of the head and atlas to the remainder of the cervical spine and provide motion into axial rotation of the head and atlas

    axis

  • 52

    Anterior portion of the body extends inferiorly

    axis

  • 53

    Vertical projection arises from the superior surface of the body

    axis

  • 54

    Dens

    axis

  • 55

    Longest spinous process and the process is not bifid

    vertebral prominence

  • 56

    Transverse process is large

    vertebral prominence

  • 57

    Forameb transversarium is small and transmits the vertebral veins

    vertebral prominence

  • 58

    Consist of the 2 concave superior zygapophyseal facets of the atlas articulating with the 2 convex occipital condyles of skull

    atlanto-occipital joint

  • 59

    True synovial joints with intra-articular fibroadipose meniscoids

    atlanto-occipital joint

  • 60

    Lie nearly in the horizontal plane

    atlanto-occipital joint

  • 61

    Composed of median and lateral joint

    atlanto-axial joint

  • 62

    Between the dens and atlas

    median atlantoaxial joint

  • 63

    Between the superior zygapophyseal facets of the axis and the inferior zygapophyseal facets of atlas

    lateral joint

  • 64

    Has an anterior articulation with anterior arch of the atlas

    dens

  • 65

    Has a posterior groove for articulation with the transverse ligament

    dens

  • 66

    Occipital condyles roll foward abd skide backward

    cervical flexion

  • 67

    Occipital condyles roll backward and slide forward

    cervical extension

  • 68

    Primarily noddung movement between the head and atlas

    atlanto-occipital joint

  • 69

    Designed for mobility

    cervical

  • 70

    Minimal available rotation and lateral flexion

    atlanto-occipital joints

  • 71

    Limited primarily by the joint capsules

    atlanto-occipital joint

  • 72

    Torsion, lateral flexion, flexion and rotation

    atlantoaxial joint

  • 73

    55-58% of total cervical rot

    atlantoaxial joint

  • 74

    Alar ligaments limit rotation

    atlantoaxial joint

  • 75

    Lateral flexion and rotation are coupled motions

    atlantoaxial joint

  • 76

    The remaining 40% of the cervical rotation is accomplished by C2-C7

    true

  • 77

    In upper cervical segments, extension is coupled with contralateral rotation and vice versa

    false

  • 78

    Lateral flexion and rotation are couples motions

    true

  • 79

    Lower cervical segments generally favor lateral flexion

    false

  • 80

    In general the range for flexion and extension increases from C2/C3 segment to the C5/C6 segment and decreases again at the C6/C7 segment

    true

  • 81

    Bears less weight and is generally mobile

    cervical

  • 82

    Discs are present in atlanto-occipital and atlantoaxial articulation

    false

  • 83

    Laminae of the atlas are large. The trabeculae show that the laminae of both the axis and C7 are heavily loaded

    first statement is false

  • 84

    Body is medium size and heart shaped

    thoracic

  • 85

    Vertebral foramen is small and circular

    thoracic

  • 86

    Spines are long and inclined downward

    thoracic

  • 87

    Costal facets

    thoracic

  • 88

    Superior articular process facets of thoracic

    backward , lateral

  • 89

    Inferior articular process facets on thoracic

    forward, medial

  • 90

    Costal facets are present on the transverse proceses for articulation with the head of the ribs

    false

  • 91

    Inferior articular processes of T12 face laterally, as do those lumbar vertebra

    true

  • 92

    Designed for mobility

    cervical

  • 93

    Less mobile and more stable

    thoracic

  • 94

    In the upper thoracic region, flexion and extension are free while lateral flexion and rotation are limited

    false

  • 95

    Subjected to increased compression forces in comparison with the cervical region

    thoracic

  • 96

    Body is large and kidney shaped

    lumbar

  • 97

    Pedicles are strong and directed backward

    lumbar

  • 98

    Laminae are thick

    lumbar

  • 99

    Vertebral foramina are triangular

    lumbar

  • 100

    TV processes are long and slender

    lumbar

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    Anterior tilting and gliding of the superior vertebra

    flexion

  • 2

    Separation of spinous process

    flexion

  • 3

    Widening of IV foramen

    flexion

  • 4

    Posterior tilting and gliding of the superior vertebra

    extension

  • 5

    Spinous process move closer together

    extension

  • 6

    Narrowing of IV foramen

    extension

  • 7

    Superior vertebra laterally tilts, rotates and translates over the adjacent vertebra below

    lateral flexion

  • 8

    Spinous process separate on the side contralateral to the lateral flexion and move closer together on the ipsilateral

    lateral flexion

  • 9

    IV foramen widened on the side contralateral to the lateral flexion and narrowed on the ipsilateral

    lateral flexion

  • 10

    Available in each spinal region but is different in every region

    rotation

  • 11

    During lateral flexion, the direction of rotation differs slightly from region to region because of orientation of the facets

    rotation

  • 12

    Stretched interpinous ligaments, ligamentum flavum, PLL, posterior annulus fibrosus, back extensors, zygapophyseal joint capsule

    flexion

  • 13

    Compressed anterior portion of the annulus fibrosus and bulges anteriorly

    flexion

  • 14

    Stretched anterior portion of annulus fibrosus, anterior trunk muscles, ALL, zygapophyseal joint capsule

    extension

  • 15

    Compressed contact if the spinous processes, posterior portion of the annulus fibrosus and bulges posteriorly

    extension

  • 16

    Stretched annulus fibrosus, intertransverse ligament, anterior and posterior trunk muscles on the convexity of the curve

    lateral flexion

  • 17

    Compressed annulus fibrosus on the concavity

    lateral flexion

  • 18

    Vertebral column is subjected to axial compression, tension, bending, torsion and shear stress even at rest

    true

  • 19

    Force acting through the long axis of the spine at right angles to the discs

    axial compression

  • 20

    Occurs a result of the force of gravity, ground reaction force and forces produced by the ligaments and muscular contractions

    axial compression

  • 21

    Causes both tension and compression on the structure of the spine

    bending

  • 22

    Tension in the structures opposite the direction if movement

    bending

  • 23

    Compression on the structures in the same direction of the movement

    bending

  • 24

    Bending tension

    opposite direction

  • 25

    Bending compression

    same direction

  • 26

    Cetated during axial rotation that occurs as a part of the coupled motions that take place in the spine

    torsion

  • 27

    Risk of rupture if the disc fibers is increased when torsion, heavy axial compression and forward bending are combined

    true

  • 28

    Act on the mid-planr of the disc

    shear

  • 29

    Tend to cause each vertebra to undergo translation

    shear

  • 30

    Creep

    axial compression , shear

  • 31

    Torsional stiffness is similar in T2-T7

    false

  • 32

    Torsional stiffness increases from

    T7 or T8, L3 or L4

  • 33

    Torsional stiffness is provided by

    outer layer of the vertebral bodies (cortical bone), outer layer of the IV discs (annulus fibrosus), orientation of the facets

  • 34

    Believed to be the most effective structure in the lumbar region to resist torsion

    outer layer of IV discs (annulus fibrosus)

  • 35

    A material continuously deforms until equilibrium is reached

    creep

  • 36

    Upright position

    increased compressive force, fluid in IV disc to be absorbed in cartilaginous end plate

  • 37

    Lying position

    decreased compressive force, disc takes in fluid back from the vertebral body

  • 38

    Upper cervical

    craniovertebral

  • 39

    Foramen transversarium

    cervical

  • 40

    Spines are small and bifid

    cervical

  • 41

    Body is small and broad from side to side

    cervical

  • 42

    Vertebral foramen is large and triangular

    cervical

  • 43

    Superior articular processes of cervical

    backward, upward

  • 44

    Inferior articular processes of cervical

    downward, forward

  • 45

    Other name for c7

    vertebral prominens

  • 46

    Frequently described as a washer sitting between the occipital condyles and the axis

    atlas

  • 47

    Cradle the occiput and transmits forces from the occiput to the lower cervical

    atlas

  • 48

    Has no vertebral body or spinous process

    atlas

  • 49

    Has a lateral mass on each side with articular surfaces in its upper and lower surface

    atlas

  • 50

    Shaped like a ring

    atlas

  • 51

    Transmit the combined load of the head and atlas to the remainder of the cervical spine and provide motion into axial rotation of the head and atlas

    axis

  • 52

    Anterior portion of the body extends inferiorly

    axis

  • 53

    Vertical projection arises from the superior surface of the body

    axis

  • 54

    Dens

    axis

  • 55

    Longest spinous process and the process is not bifid

    vertebral prominence

  • 56

    Transverse process is large

    vertebral prominence

  • 57

    Forameb transversarium is small and transmits the vertebral veins

    vertebral prominence

  • 58

    Consist of the 2 concave superior zygapophyseal facets of the atlas articulating with the 2 convex occipital condyles of skull

    atlanto-occipital joint

  • 59

    True synovial joints with intra-articular fibroadipose meniscoids

    atlanto-occipital joint

  • 60

    Lie nearly in the horizontal plane

    atlanto-occipital joint

  • 61

    Composed of median and lateral joint

    atlanto-axial joint

  • 62

    Between the dens and atlas

    median atlantoaxial joint

  • 63

    Between the superior zygapophyseal facets of the axis and the inferior zygapophyseal facets of atlas

    lateral joint

  • 64

    Has an anterior articulation with anterior arch of the atlas

    dens

  • 65

    Has a posterior groove for articulation with the transverse ligament

    dens

  • 66

    Occipital condyles roll foward abd skide backward

    cervical flexion

  • 67

    Occipital condyles roll backward and slide forward

    cervical extension

  • 68

    Primarily noddung movement between the head and atlas

    atlanto-occipital joint

  • 69

    Designed for mobility

    cervical

  • 70

    Minimal available rotation and lateral flexion

    atlanto-occipital joints

  • 71

    Limited primarily by the joint capsules

    atlanto-occipital joint

  • 72

    Torsion, lateral flexion, flexion and rotation

    atlantoaxial joint

  • 73

    55-58% of total cervical rot

    atlantoaxial joint

  • 74

    Alar ligaments limit rotation

    atlantoaxial joint

  • 75

    Lateral flexion and rotation are coupled motions

    atlantoaxial joint

  • 76

    The remaining 40% of the cervical rotation is accomplished by C2-C7

    true

  • 77

    In upper cervical segments, extension is coupled with contralateral rotation and vice versa

    false

  • 78

    Lateral flexion and rotation are couples motions

    true

  • 79

    Lower cervical segments generally favor lateral flexion

    false

  • 80

    In general the range for flexion and extension increases from C2/C3 segment to the C5/C6 segment and decreases again at the C6/C7 segment

    true

  • 81

    Bears less weight and is generally mobile

    cervical

  • 82

    Discs are present in atlanto-occipital and atlantoaxial articulation

    false

  • 83

    Laminae of the atlas are large. The trabeculae show that the laminae of both the axis and C7 are heavily loaded

    first statement is false

  • 84

    Body is medium size and heart shaped

    thoracic

  • 85

    Vertebral foramen is small and circular

    thoracic

  • 86

    Spines are long and inclined downward

    thoracic

  • 87

    Costal facets

    thoracic

  • 88

    Superior articular process facets of thoracic

    backward , lateral

  • 89

    Inferior articular process facets on thoracic

    forward, medial

  • 90

    Costal facets are present on the transverse proceses for articulation with the head of the ribs

    false

  • 91

    Inferior articular processes of T12 face laterally, as do those lumbar vertebra

    true

  • 92

    Designed for mobility

    cervical

  • 93

    Less mobile and more stable

    thoracic

  • 94

    In the upper thoracic region, flexion and extension are free while lateral flexion and rotation are limited

    false

  • 95

    Subjected to increased compression forces in comparison with the cervical region

    thoracic

  • 96

    Body is large and kidney shaped

    lumbar

  • 97

    Pedicles are strong and directed backward

    lumbar

  • 98

    Laminae are thick

    lumbar

  • 99

    Vertebral foramina are triangular

    lumbar

  • 100

    TV processes are long and slender

    lumbar